PD780988 78K/3 78K/4 D784956 D78328 78K/2 78K/0 PD780982 PD780983 PD780984 - Datasheet Archive

 

8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCONTROLLER FOR CONTROL OF AC/DC MOTOR INVERTER µPD780988 SUBSERIES Yasushi Baba popularity of

 

NEW PRODUCTS 2 8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCONTROLLER FOR CONTROL OF AC/DC MOTOR INVERTER µPD780988 PD780988 SUBSERIES Yasushi Baba popularity of low-power consumption products, inverter controller technologies are now being employed not only in air conditioners, but also in a large variety of household appliances. Moreover, as the product application range has expanded, the range of motors that can be controlled has widened to include DC as well as AC types, which has itself caused an even further to consider ways to reduce power consumption; hence the use of inverter controllers. Inverter controller technology has in the past been employed in the air conditioner market with the sole aim of achieving a controller that responded to inside and outside temperature variables, and provided flexible and comfortable air conditioning. However, due to the recent Development Background There are a number of household appliances, such as air conditioners, washing machines, and refrigerators, to name but a few, without which our modern lifestyles would be insupportable. These days, however, makers of these motorized household appliances are being forced, due to recent concerns about the environment, ASSPs for Motor Control 16bit CPU 78K/3 78K/3 Series 64-pin SDIP/QFP 250ns/@8MHz 16bit CPU 78K/3 78K/3 Series 64-pin SDIP, 80-pin QFP 125ns/@16MHz 16bit CPU 78K/4 78K/4 Series 80-pin QFP 160ns/@12.5MHz DC motor x 2ch AC/DC motor D784956 D784956 Subseries D7836x Subseries AC/DC motor Enhanced DC inverter control functions D78328 D78328 Subseries ASSP AC inverter controll ASSP Lower cost AC/DC motor Enhanced CPU, timer functions D78098x Subseries Standard Products Enhanced DC inverter control functions AC/DC motor DC motor D7821x Subseries 8bit CPU 78K/2 78K/2 Series 64-pin SDIP/QFP 333ns/@6MHz DC motor D7801x Subseries Lower cost 8bit CPU 78K/0 78K/0 Series 64-pin SDIP/QFP 400ns/@5MHz D78003x Subseries Increased CPU speed 8bit CPU 78K/0 78K/0 Series 64-pin SDIP/QFP 240ns/@8.38MHz 8bit CPU 78K/0 78K/0 Series 64-pin SDIP/QFP 240ns/@8.38MHz Fig.1 Development of Microcontrollers for Motor Control Microcomputer Engineering Department, Semiconductor Solution Engineering Division expansion of inverter controller applications. Until now, the microcontrollers used for inverter control have been targeted at the air conditioner market, and were essentially 16bit versions. As inverter controller technology has evolved and expanded into the washing machine and refrigerator markets, however, demand has risen for low cost, 8-bit microcontrollers that are suitable for general-purpose applications, and can control both AC and DC motors. The product to be introduced here is the µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries, which NEC has developed in response to this demand (Fig.1). To allow for application system diversity, products that include various types of ROM (16K, 24K, 32K, 48K, and 60K are selectable) are available. A product equipped with 60 Kbytes of flash memory, the Part number Item Product Outline The µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller that was developed as one of the ASSPs in the popular 78K/0 78K/0 series. Equipped with a 78K/0 78K/0 series CPU core, this product also includes a timer for motor control, which facilitates control of AC/DC motors, an 8-bit/16-bit timer suitable for general-purpose applications, a 10-bit resolution A/D converter, and serial interfaces. Table 1 is an outline of the µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries, and Figure 2 shows its block diagram. A development environment designed to enhance the efficiency of program development is available, and includes the following development tools: advanced incircuit emulator and assembler, structured assembler, C compiler, integrated debugger employing a graphical user-interface, and system simulator. The development environment of this subseries is shown in Figure 3. Features 1. 8-bit 78K/0 78K/0 CPU core The µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is equipped with the popular 78K/0 78K/0 Series 8-bit CPU, and has a minimum instruction execution time of 0.24µs (when operating at 8.38MHz and at 5V). By incorporating the 78K/0 78K/0 CPU as the core, NEC has been able to apply the technology of the 78K/0 78K/0 Series of general- µPD780982 PD780982 µPD780983 PD780983 µPD780984 PD780984 µPD780986 PD780986 µPD780988 PD780988 µPD78F0988 PD78F0988 16KB ROM Internal memory µPD78F0988 PD78F0988, has also been developed. The product outline and program development environment of the µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is described below. 24KB 32KB 48KB 60KB 60KB (FLASH) High-speed RAM 1024B 1024B 1024B 1024B Expansion RAM - 1024B 1024B Memory space 64KB General-purpose registers 8 bits x 32 registers (8 bits x 8 registers x 4 banks) Minimum instruction execution time Maskable Variable minimum instruction execution time function incorporated: 0.24µs/0.48µs/0.96µs/1.9µs/3.8µs (system clock: 8.38MHz) · 16-bit operation · Multiply/divide (8 bits x 8 bits, 16 bits ÷ 8 bits) · Bit manipulation (set, reset, test, and Boolean operation) · BCD operation, etc. · CMOS input: 8 · CMOS I/O: 39 · 8 bits x 1 or 4 bits x 2 · 6 bits x 1 or 4 bits x 1 10-bit resolution x 8 channels Operation voltage: AV DD = 4.0 to 5.5V · Asynchronous serial interface: 2 channels · 3-wire serial interface: 1 channel · Timer for motor control: 1 channel · 16-bit timer/event counter: 2 channels · 8-bit timer/event counter: 2 channels · Watchdog timer: 1 channel · General-purpose PWM outputs: 5 · Inverter control outputs: 6 Internal: 16, external 8 Non-maskable Internal: 1 Internal: 1 Instruction set I/O ports (47 in total) Real-time output port A/D converter Serial interface Timer Timer outputs (11 in total) Vectored interrupt sources Software Supply voltage 1 VDD = 4.0 to 5.5V Operating ambient temperature Ta = -40 to 85°C Package · 64-pin plastic shrink DIP (750mil) · 64-pin plastic QFP (14 x 14mm) Table 1 Product Outline of µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries A maximum of 53 ports · CMOS I/O : 39 · CMOS output : 6 · CMOS input : 8 Multiplexed address and data are output A 256-Byte expansion function Package: 64-pin plastic QFP (14 x 14mm) 64-pin plastic SDIP (750mil) ROM (RAM) expansion: 8K (1K) to 60K (2K) · 10-bit resolution 8-channel input · Operating voltage range : 4.0 to 5.5V External bus expansion I/O ports A/D converter Real-time output function Watchdog timer ROM RAM Interrupt control Inverter control 10-bit timer CSI 78K/0 78K/0 CPU core Main clock UART Dedicated baud rate generator incorporated (600 to 115200bps) · 10-bit main timer : 1 ch · 8-bit timer for dead-time control : 3 ch 8-bit timer/ event counter UART Dedicated baud rate generator incorporated (300 to 38400bps) The output data changes after being synchronized with the internal timer · 8 bits x 3 ch · 16 bits x 2 ch 16-bit timer/ event counter · Minimum instruction execution time: 0.24µs (when operating at 5V, 8MHz) · Operating voltage range : 4.0 to 5.5V EMI noise countermeasures employed Fig.2 Block Diagram of µPD780988 PD780988 78K0S 78K0S Series Development Environment Host Environment Windows environment PC9821 PC9821, IBM PC (and compatibles) Desktop/Notebook PC Integration of Development Tools 78K4 Series Development Environment Assembler C compiler OS Debugger Simulator Emulator RA78K0S RA78K0S CC78K0S CC78K0S MX78K0S MX78K0S ID78K0S-NS ID78K0S-NS SM78K0S SM78K0S IE-78K0S-NS IE-78K0S-NS Project Manager 78K0 Series Development Environment Assembler C compiler Real-time OS Debugger Task debugger Analyzer Simulator Emulator RA78K4 RA78K4 CC78K4 CC78K4 RX78K4 RX78K4,MX78K4 MX78K4 ID78K4-NS ID78K4-NS AZ78K4 AZ78K4 SM78K4 SM78K4 IE-78K4-NS IE-78K4-NS Assembler C compiler Real-time OS Debugger Task debugger Simulator Emulator RA78K0 RA78K0 CC78K0 CC78K0 RX78K0 RX78K0,MX78K0 MX78K0 ID78K0-NS ID78K0-NS SM78K0 SM78K0 IE-78K0-NS IE-78K0-NS Fig.3 Microcontroller Development Environment purpose products to this product. The same development environment can also be used, thus reducing development time. 2. Timer for motor control A timer that facilitates control of the motor inverter has been provided. A dead-time timer is incorporated in order to avoid shortcircuiting the power elements that are necessary in the inverter controller, and with only a few register settings, it controls the output of a three-phase control pulse. The load in the CPU is also reduced, making possible a configuration that allows control in a repetition frequency of 15kHz or more. Moreover, in order to avoid damage to the motor caused by excess current, a function that uses signals from external sensors to prohibit the output of inverter controller signals has been provided. The configuration of the timer for motor control is shown in Figure 4. An example of the output waveform when a DC motor is being controlled is shown in the image diagram in Figure 5. 3. Timer block The µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is equipped with two 16-bit timer units and three 8-bit timer units, each of which have PWM output and external event counter functions. Up to 5 PWM outputs are possible. The incorporation of pulse-width measurement function also allows the 16-bit timer to perform pulse measurement on up to 4 inputs. 4. Serial interface In order to communicate with peripheral devices or external equipment, the µPD780988 PD780988 is provided with two asynchronous serial interface (UART) units and one clocked serial interface (CSI) unit. Each asynchronous serial interface unit has a dedicated baud generator incorporated, allowing the desired communication rate to be specified within a range of 600bps to 115.2kbps in one UART unit and 300bps to 38.4kbps in the other when operating at fxx = 8.38 MHz. One UART unit also supports an infra-red data transfer mode. 5. Analog input support An 8-channel A/D converter with 10-bit resolution is provided to input analog signals. This A/D converter can perform high-speed conversion in a conversion time as fast as 14µs. Because of this, the µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is ideal for applications where analog variables, such as temperature, must be controlled. 6. Flash memory versions Included in the µPD780988 PD780988 Subseries is a microcontroller with 60 Kbytes of on-chip flash memory, the µPD78F0988 PD78F0988. Programming is carried out using a dedicated flash programmer. Through the use of flash memory, it is possible to modify set specifications between the manufacture and shipping stages, and in cases where software bugs are identified, the program can be rewritten on-board using serial communication. The µPD78F0988 PD78F0988 also supports a self-rewrite function. By incorporating a corresponding program in the boot area, it is possible to perform independent rewrite operations on-board, without reference to the serial communication format. Furthermore, because flash memory is divided into areas of 8 Kbytes (boot area), 24 Kbytes, and 30 Kbytes, a rewrite operation for the corresponding data area-only is possible. Block Diagram fCLK fCLK/2 fCLK/4 fCLK/8 fCLK/16 fCLK/32 CNT Counter TM7 INTTM0 10 BFCM3 CM3 DTIME fCLK Output turn-off function using external input INTWDT 8 BFCM0 CM0 DTM0 BFCM1 CM1 DTM1 BFCM2 CM2 DTM2 Fig.4 Configuration of Timer for Motor Control Waveform generation circuit 7. Power management function The combination of an instruction execution time control in the clock generation circuit and two types of standby modes (STOP and HALT) means that power can be managed precisely, in accordance with the operating condition of the system. 8. Package Taking into consideration the varied applications of these microcontrollers, two types of packages have been made available: a 64-pin plastic SDIP (750mil), and a 64-pin plastic QFP (body size: 14 x 14 mm). Development Environment 1. In-circuit emulator The peripheral emulation boards available for emulating peripheral functions are the IE780988-NS-EM4 IE780988-NS-EM4 and the IE-78K0-NS-P01 IE-78K0-NS-P01. Used in combination with the IE-78K0-NS IE-78K0-NS or the IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A, these boards provide the emulation function of the µPD780988 PD780988 Series. The hardware configurations of the IE78K0-NS IE78K0-NS and the IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A are shown in Figures 6 and 7 respectively. Despite the absence of some functions, like the coverage function, that are present in the existing IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A, the IE-78K0NS IE-78K0NS is more compact and cost efficient, and supports a PCMCIA card interface, making its configuration more suitable to user environments of the future. On the other hand, for those users who require full-spec debug functions and the realization of an EWS environment that uses a network, the conventional IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A would be the emulator of choice. 2. Integrated debugger ID78K0-NS ID78K0-NS This debugger employs an easy-to-use graphical user interface, making possible the debugging of programs written in C and other languages at the source level. In this case, the graphical user interface is Windows for PC-use, which offers the standard appearance and operability typical of this kind of interface. The integrated debugger supports all the functions of the emulator, as well as a number of break and trace functions. It has, moreover, reinforced debugging functions for supporting C language, and can therefore display trace results in C level by using a window integrated function that links source program and disassembly display, and memory display, with trace results. In addition, the U phase V phase W phase U phase V phase W phase Fig.5 Image Diagram of Output Waveform When Controlling DC Motor debugging efficiency of programs that use a real-time OS can be improved through the use of function expansion modules, such as a task debugger and system performance analyzer. 3. System simulator The system simulator is a software debug tool that combines the functions of an emulator and those of the target system. Through the use of the system simulator, verification of the logic and functions of the application system can be achieved independently of hardware development, resulting in enhanced development efficiency and improved software quality. 4. C compiler This C compiler is ANSI-compliant and has expansion functions that allow the user to exploit the features of the 78K/0 78K/0 Series to create objects more efficiently. In addition to the compiler, the C compiler has been supplied with runtime and standardfunction libraries, and a startup routine sample program, all of which are essential for compiling. An optional source file for the standard-function library is also available. When using the compiler, be aware that the assembler package and device file described below are necessary. 5. Assembler package This assembler package can be used with any microcontroller in the 78K/0 78K/0 Series, and is used in combination with the optional device file of that microcontroller. This assembler supports a structured assembly language, which can enhance the program development efficiency. 6. Device file A device file contains information peculiar to a subseries. This file is necessary when using an in-circuit emulator, assembler, or C compiler. 7. Real-time OS A µITRON-compliant real-time OS that can enhance the efficiency of program development is available. 8. Flash programmer The flash programmer (FL-PR2, PG-FP3) is a tool for writing to flash memory. Using serial communication, it can write to and erase flash memory either on-board, or with a write adapter. Flash programmer FL-PR2 is a product of Naitou Densei Machidaseisakusho Co., Ltd. 9. Third party tools In addition to its own development tools, NEC plans to actively promote tools created by manufacturers outside NEC. NP-XXXPP IE-780988-NS-EM4 IE-780988-NS-EM4 IE-78K0-NS-P01 IE-78K0-NS-P01 D780009 D780009 I/F CABLE HOST MACHINE DEVICE FILE ID78K0-NS ID78K0-NS Power Source (IE-70000-MC-PS-B IE-70000-MC-PS-B) IE-78K0-NS IE-78K0-NS Fig.6 Configuration of Tools When Using IE-78K0-NS IE-78K0-NS IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A K0 conversion board (IE-78K0-R-EX1 IE-78K0-R-EX1) IE-70000-98/PC-IF-B/C IE-70000-98/PC-IF-B/C Parallel I/F EP-78xxx-R IE-78001-R-BK IE-78001-R-BK NewSmile EM board IE-78K0-NS-P01 IE-78K0-NS-P01+ IE-780988-NS-EM4 IE-780988-NS-EM4 IE-78K0-R-EX1 IE-78K0-R-EX1 IE-78K0-NS-P01 IE-78K0-NS-P01+ EI-780988-NS-EM4 EI-780988-NS-EM4 * It is possible to connect an NS-type EM board to a conventional frame by using a conversion board. (Using the old R-type probe) Fig.7 Configuration of Tools When Using IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A IE-78001-R-A