Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport A
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S/DMS TransportNode
Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
Nortel Networks your source unified networks offering open interfaces, IP-optimized solutions, complete, scalable DWDM configurations having 320-Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span.
Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global HighCapacity Transport Applications
Nortel Networks your source unified networks offering open interfaces, IP-optimized solutions, complete, scalable DWDM configurations having 320-Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span
OC-192, wavelengths
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Hybrid OC-48/OC-192, wavelengths
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Hybrid OC-48/192, wavelengths OC-48, wavelengths OC-192, wavelengths Hybrid OC-48/192, wavelengths
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OC-48, wavelengths OC-192, wavelengths
last decade, carriers have experienced skyrocketing demand bandwidth triggered increased usage kinds. While phenomenal growth Internet been major contributor today's traffic levels, demand been steadily increasing many other services well such local area network (LAN) bridging, video transport, even voice. last these inevitable result more access lines, more cell phones, telecommuting, various other factors leading increased usage. Thus, what seemed like nearly inexhaustible Gb/s fiber span years appear more like bottleneck. service providers plan implement solutions rapidly expand network capacity, cost containment network flexibility critically important issues given today's very competitive telecommunications arena. Maximum value must obtained from currently installed fiber avoid defer large capital outlays long lead times associated with fiber deployment. Offering highly versatile expandability from Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span, Nortel Networks S/DMS TransportNode family high-capacity SONET/SDH/optical layer transport solutions specifically designed help carriers achieve these objectives much, much more.
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Hybrid OC-48/192, wavelengths OC-48, wavelengths OC-192, wavelengths
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S/DMS TransportNode DWDM Application Profile
56088.16/11-98 Issue November 1998
GLANCE
Network expansion strategies based either higher rate systems DWDM both
example, S/DMS TransportNode allows carriers adopt network expansion strategies based either higher rate systems additional wavelengths through dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-or both-according individual circumstances such growth forecasts, service requirements, network design goals. case, service providers achieve greater capacity without investing fiber plant. actual growth exceeds earlier estimates, capacity always further expanded without resorting expensive forklift upgrades. S/DMS TransportNode offers high-capacity transport systems operating either Gb/s (OC-48) Gb/s (OC-192), latter being highest line rate available industry-wide. Also, DWDM arrangements supported both OC-48 OC192 applications, permitting aggregate span capacities Gb/s fully expanded configuration employing OC-192 line rate wavelengths. Hybrid configurations available well, allowing both OC-48 OC-192 systems combined same DWDM application. Concurrent support mixed SONET services (tributaries) from same OC-192 network element yields significantly lower life-cycle costs also offers many operational efficiencies today's increasingly global carriers. Included S/DMS TransportNode's high-capacity transport family MultiWavelength Optical Repeaters (MOR Plus), leading-edge optical amplifiers that cost-effectively extend system reach between widely separated service terminating and/or regenerator sites fiber routes. Thus, with unique advantage complete, integrated end-to-end solutions encompassing both SONET/SDH optical layers, S/DMS TransportNode offers carriers simplicity "one stop shopping" multi-wavelength configurations having superior reliability guaranteed service quality. Guaranteed end-to-end error ratio performance 10-12 Gb/s virtually error-free 10-15 Gb/s. Proactive performance monitoring helps spot troubles before service affected. maximum application flexibility, S/DMS TransportNode's high-capacity transport solutions compatible with major fiber types today including nondispersion shifted fiber (NDSF), standard dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), newer non-zero dispersion shifted fibers (NZ-DSF). highly precise DWDM optical transmitters operate standard wavelengths specified International Telecommunications Union-T (ITU-T) wavelength grid with "spare" wavelengths available help minimize circuit pack spare inventory costs. Bandwidth efficiently managed with STS-1 granularity, permitting optimum network resources with less traffic back-hauling external cross connection. Nortel Networks S/DMS TransportNode high-capacity transport family fully exploits many operational advantages inherent SONET/SDH optical layers provide wealth information services, network condition, equipment status. This enables tight with carrier's existing network operations methods including well-established practices surveillance, maintenance, service provisioning. Using industry-standard interfaces, network management
Industry leading Gb/s line rate with wavelengths permits Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span
global transport platform Integrated extended reach solutions mean complete "one stop shopping" multi-wavelength configurations having superior reliability guaranteed service quality
High-capacity, costeffective solutions NDSF, DSF, NZ-DSF fibers
Advanced bandwidth management Integrated management across both SONET/SDH optical layers
GLANCE
seamlessly integrated across S/DMS TransportNode OC-48, OC-192, MOR/MOR Plus (i.e. optical layer) network elements. built-in optical service channel simplifies access both SONET/ optical layer operations functions intermediate MOR/ Plus sites long-haul applications. total management solution mixed broadband networks easy-to-use Nortel Networks Integrated Network Management (INM) Broadband tool offers cost-effective resource efficient integrated SONET/SDH/ optical layer management solution mixed broadband networks from multiple vendors. Broadband provide powerful end-to-end management strategy that keeps pace with latest innovations optical networking allows carriers reap full benefit from broad portfolio interconnected network elements. S/DMS TransportNode high-capacity transport family backed comprehensive, ongoing interoperability program dedicated maximizing interoperability multi-vendor networks. Traffic interoperability currently supported major SONET equipment vendors, with support operations messaging protocols such TL-1 Target Address Resolution Protocol (TARP) available multi-vendor interworking operations level. Single-ended TL-1 operations gateway interfaces enable interworking with standard operations systems such Bellcore surveillance provisioning tools. Nortel Networks will continue build these interoperability successes make multi-vendor networking full realization promise SONET practical realities. leading supplier SONET/SDH high-capacity transport systems carriers around globe, Nortel Networks well positioned offer optimized transport solution today present future needs your network. particular, DWDM configurations yield major cost/fiber savings while providing more capacity your critical backbone routes. Please contact your Nortel Networks representative more information feature application requirement. Your Nortel Networks representative also help design engineer right capacity expansion strategy that best meets your short-term long-term planning objectives.
Multi-vendor interoperability
Talk your Nortel Networks representative today!
INSIDE
About This Document
This Product/Service Information bulletin explains many features benefits S/DMS TransportNode's high-capacity transport solutions. Special emphasis given Nortel Networks' leading-edge OC-192 platform well advanced MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers that extend system reach between widely separated service terminating and/or regenerator sites. document directed primarily network planners, engineers, marketers need stay abreast latest advances SONET/optical layer transport, multiwavelength technology, optically amplified systems. Section gives brief overview benefits S/DMS TransportNode's highcapacity portfolio. OC-192 platform MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers covered Sections respectively. Section provides important network planning application information, followed Section feature enhancements planned near future. Available support services discussed Section
More Information
additional background information S/DMS TransportNode leading-edge SONET/optical layer networking applications, call Sales Marketing Information Center 1-800-4 NORTEL request following publications:
S/DMS TransportNode Overview, document number 56015.16 S/DMS TransportNode Feature Guide, document number 56002.08 Total Manageability Broadband Networks, document number 56083.16 Nortel Interoperability Program: Fulfilling Promise SONET, document number 56079.16
Many Nortel Networks publications (including this document) other important product information obtained from home page http://www.nortel.com electronic publications compatible with WindowsTM, MacintoshTM, UNIXsystems. would like comment this document, just complete attached reply form send E-mail addressed nortel.mrktngpubs@nt.com
Contents
Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
About This Document More Information
Introduction S/DMS TransportNode High-Capacity Product Family
What DWDM? OC-48 Network Element Highlights OC-192 Network Element Highlights MOR/MOR Plus Highlights Integrated SONET/SDH/Optical Layer DWDM Solutions Other Suppliers Can't Match! S/DMS TransportNode High-Capacity Solutions Benefits Checklist
OC-192 Network Element
OC-192 System Architecture OC-192 Network Element Topologies Point-to-Point Terminal/Hub Transparent Multiplexer Regenerator Four-Fiber BLSR. Span Protection Switching Four-Fiber BLSR OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Ring Protection Switching Four-Fiber BLSR Manageability Bandwidth Management Advantages Four-Fiber BLSRs Four-Fiber BLSR Configuration Linear Add/Drop Chain Applications Using Four-Fiber BLSR Nodes. Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus Network Element Built-In Features Superior Grade-of-Service Offerings Forward Error Correction
Contents
Performance Monitoring Line/Service Interfaces Tributary Capacity Integrated SONET/Optical Layer OAM&P Portfolio Browser Based User Interface Broadband Broadband's Open, Scalable Nortel Networks Interoperability Program
Plus Optical Amplifiers
Integrated MOR/MOR Plus OAM&P Feature Highlights Provisioning Maintenance Features Power Control Modes Advanced Optical Layer Diagnostic Tools Analog Maintenance Optical Reflectometer. Power Optimizer MOR/MOR Plus Equipment Deployment
High-Capacity Network Planning Applications
Optical Link Budget Engineering. Optical Link Transmission Performance Guarantee Benefits OC-192 Forward Error Correction Average Versus Maximum Span Loss General Dispersion Management Strategies Optical Reach Specifications Wavelength Planning Wavelength Introduction Wavelength Add/Drop Optical Couplers Optical Networking Building Blocks Eight-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler Building Block Sixteen-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler Expansion Building Block Eight-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Building Block
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Contents
Sixteen-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Expansion Building Block Thirty-Two-Wavelength, 100-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Building Block Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Building Block Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Plus Building Block Four-Wavelength Add/Drop with Building Block 16-Wavelength Add/Drop with Plus Building Block Multi-Wavelength Line Amplifier Site Building Block Line Amplifier with Sandwich Building Block Plus Line Amplifier with Mid-Stage Access Building Block Typical Multi-Wavelength Application Architectures System Architecture Supporting DWDM Applications Wavelengths Plus System Architecture Supporting DWDM Applications Wavelengths Optical Add/Drop Multiplex (OADM) System Architecture Advanced Optical Connectivity Applications Multi-Wavelength OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Architecture. Advantages Nortel Networks' Bidirectional DWDM Architecture
Planned Features Applications
SONET Networking Topologies Advanced Bandwidth Management Features OC-192 Two-Fiber BLSR Matched Nodes Subtended Rings OC-48 DWDM Tributaries Protection Channel Access High-Density Tributary Access Scalable DWDM Advanced Optical Networking Optical Transport Platform DWDM Expansion Gb/s Beyond. Hybrid Open Optical Interfaces Enhanced Optical Layer OAM&P
Contents
Expanded Support Data Services Global Transport Platform Advanced Network Management Features
Support Services
Network Planning Consulting Services Network Deployment Technical Assistance Services Warranty Repair Services Service Support Plans Basic Service Support Plan Enhanced Service Support Plan Premier Plan User Training Internship Training Health Checks Broadband Networks Display Vehicle
Acronyms Abbreviations
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Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
Introduction S/DMS TransportNode High-Capacity Product Family
Choice solutions meet individual needs S/DMS TransportNode offers high capacity SONET transport systems operating either Gb/s with 32-wavelength DWDM supported each line rate. This broad portfolio gives service providers flexibility choose capacity expansion strategy that best fits their needs: OC-48 OC-192, both, with without dense wavelength division multiplexing. Aggregate span capacities Gb/s possible using fully expanded OC-192 DWDM arrangement. configurations, including both hybrid OC-48/192 applications optically amplified systems, offer seamless operational integration high level end-to-end service quality. S/DMS TransportNode high-capacity portfolio includes following SONET optical layer products:
OC-48 SONET network elements OC-192 SONET network elements STM-16 STM-64 network elements (more information these products available through your Nortel Networks representative) Multi-Wavelength Optical Repeater (MOR) extended reach multi-wavelength DWDM applications wavelengths (see Figure below) Plus optical repeater that offers even greater reach, 32-wavelength support, mid-stage access advanced optical networking
OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements MOR/MOR Plus (configured bidirectional pre/post amplifier) DWDM Coupler Extended reach cascaded MORs/MOR Pluses OC-48/192 OC-48/192 DWDM Coupler
Band Blue Band Band
OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements
Band
Blue Band Band Blue Band Collocated Equipment
Single Fiber
Optical Service Channel
Blue Band Collocated Equipment
MOR/MOR Plus (configured bidirectional line amplifier)
Notes: 1R/B thru 16R/B denote individual wavelengths red/blue band. wavelengths supported using optical amplifiers wavelengths supported using Plus. band 1547.5 1561 blue band 1527.5 1542.5
Figure Fiber Savings Extended Reach Through S/DMS TransportNode DWDM
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Multiplies traffic carrying capacity existing fiber spans
Optical amplifier products based S/DMS TransportNode OC-48 network element platform such Optical Line/Post Amplifier (OLA/OPA) OC48 High Performance Transmitter (HPTx) (more information these products available through your Nortel Networks representative) Optical add/drop multiplex (OADM) couplers easy, cost-effective access multiple optical channels (wavelengths) intermediate site fiber route DWDM couplers that multiplex/demultiplex multiple wavelengths onto single fiber DWDM couplers with band access (PBA), allowing individual band blue band dispersion compensation greater system reach over various dispersion shifted fiber types (including standard newer NZ-DSF fibers) Broadband dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) that limit dispersion impairments non-dispersion shifted fiber band DCMs that limit dispersion impairments very long spans employing DSF/NZ-DSF fibers
What DWDM?
Dense wavelength division multiplexing multiplies traffic carrying capacity existing fiber spans combining more optical signals different wavelengths single fiber. Thus, DWDM optical layer offers very cost-effective complement OC-48/192 time division multiplexing (TDM) technology maximizing network capacity addressing future service needs. because defers avoids altogether large capital outlays long lead times associated with deploying fiber cable, DWDM ideal solution critical highgrowth routes having immediate need more bandwidth. DWDM coupler devices perform actual multiplexing/demultiplexing different optical wavelengths shown Figure previous page. Nortel Networks' bidirectional DWDM technology employs many tightly spaced wavelengths dramatically increase fiber span capacity fold. This yields aggregate span capacity Gb/s OC-192 line rate. DWDM wavelengths fall within bands: blue band between 1527.5 1542.5 band between 1547.5 1561 Each band dedicated particular direction transmission assure highly reliable long-term performance over extended distances, DWDM optical transmitters designed meet very stringent end-of-life specification wavelength accuracy stability. S/DMS TransportNode's DWDM wavelength plan covered Section Note that "spare" wavelengths included plan allow single pair optical transmitters serve maintenance spares bidirectional optical channels. This enables significant savings circuit pack inventory costs. Cascaded MORs/MOR Pluses employed enable extended reach required many backbone routes. standard handles DWDM wavelengths without unnecessary costly back-to-back optical-to-electrical conversions intermediate sites. advanced Plus optical amplifier designed support very dense applications employing many wavelengths.
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Breaker Interface Panel Local Craft Access Panel with Orderwire (each shelf) OC-48 Network Element (covers removed)
OC-48 Network Element Highlights
S/DMS TransportNode's OC-48 platform (Figure furnishes 2.5-Gb/s SONET transport solutions long-haul backbone routes interoffice spans urban core areas. Aggregate capacities fiber span Gb/s possible through DWDM arrangements. OC-48 shelves also typically deployed with OC-192 systems provide variety lower rate service interfaces such DS-3, STS-1, OC-3/3c. End-of-life error ratio (BER) performance industry-leading 10-12 better. Supported OC-48 network element configurations include point-to-point terminals, protection channel sharing terminals, self-healing two-fiber bidirectional line switched rings (BLSRs), optical hubs, regenerators. Matched node inter-ring gateways supported well permit survivable end-to-end transport services passing between interconnected rings. common shelf type handles OC-48 point-to-point, BLSR, optical hubbing requirements with compact regenerator/optical amplifier shelf available intermediate non-service terminating locations long-haul routes. latter shelf type configured either OC-48 regenerator optical amplifier shelf OLA/OPA/HPTx optical amplifier applications. Service terminating network elements offer direct support mixed DS-3, STS-1, OC-3/3c, OC-12/12c, STS-12/12c tributaries.
Rear DS-3/STS-1 Termination Panel (mounted rear frame)
OC-48 Network Element (Upper Half) Rear DS-3/STS-1 Termination Panel (mounted rear frame)
OC-48 Network Element (Lower Half)
Filler Panel
Figure OC-48 Rear Access Layout
STS-1 level bandwidth management eliminates stranded span capacity wasted tributary ports
Bandwidth efficiently managed with STS-1 granularity, thereby eliminating stranded span capacity wasted tributary ports. OC-48 systems also support dropand-continue routing STS-1 channels, ideal bandwidth management feature digital video distribution applications.
OC-192 Network Element Highlights
Nortel Networks' leading-edge S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 system (Figure offers ultra high-capacity 10-Gb/s solutions long-haul backbones congested urban environments. provide especially cost-effective alternative multiple OC-48 overlay systems that would otherwise required meet very heavy traffic demand. this expanded capacity does come expense service quality. sophisticated robust forward error correction (FEC) capability permits virtually error-free transmission (guaranteed 10-15 BER) that handles even most demanding service quality objectives.
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Control Shelf
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
spot problems before service affected, OC-192 network element incorporates extensive portfolio proactive performance monitoring functions including advanced intermediate path performance monitoring (IPPM) feature that helps assure quality SONET paths from end. desired, features such IPPM employed tailor grade-of-service offerings. When deployed DWDM arrangement using wavelengths, OC-192 systems provide aggregate capacities fiber span high Gb/s. versatile S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform supports variety network element configurations including self-healing four fiber BLSR node, linear 1+1/1:1 protected terminals/hubs, unprotected (0:1/0:2) transparent multiplexers, regenerator. addition, OC-192 fourfiber BLSR nodes deployed open ended linear add/drop chain configuration applications where linear route topology desired/required. Full STS-1 bandwidth management granularity provided fourfiber BLSR linear add/drop applications. flexibility inherent S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform architecture facilitates near-term introduction additional topologies (e.g. two-fiber BLSR) bandwidth management features (e.g. hairpinning) network needs evolve. OC-192 systems directly support OC-12/12c, S4/4c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c tributaries today with OC-3/3c STM-1 tributary plug-ins planned introduction near future. Mixed SONET/SDH tributary support same network element enables network simplification streamlined operations gateway sites global applications.
Main Transport Shelf
Environmental Control Unit Extension Shelf (optional)
Figure OC-192 Layout
MOR/MOR Plus Highlights
eight MORs (seven spans) cascaded long-haul routes extend system reach hundreds miles S/DMS TransportNode offers cost-effective extended reach solutions DWDM applications employing wavelengths either OC-48 OC192 line rate both). provides bidirectional optical pre/post amplification when collocated with OC-48/192 service terminating regenerator network elements. when deployed alone intermediate non-service terminating sites, operates bidirectional optical line amplifier. latter case, costly cumbersome back-to-back optical-to-electrical conversions eliminated. eight MORs (seven spans) cascaded long-haul routes extend system reach hundreds miles.
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Control Shelf
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
addition MOR, Nortel Networks offers advanced optical repeater with band mid-stage access known Plus. This leading-edge optical amplifier solution permits even greater system reach handles wavelengths support present future requirements needing Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span. Mid-stage access allows insertion in-line optical components advanced optical networking applications such distributed/per band dispersion compensation, loss-free wavelength add/ drop, optical cross-connection. Full compatibility with enables both Plus deployed together single application. Extended optical reach solutions based Nortel Networks' MOR/MOR Plus have been engineered deployed wide range outside plant including nondispersion shifted fiber (NDSF), standard dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF). latter category encompasses Lucent's TrueWaveClassic Plus Corning's SMF-LSand LEAFTM. MOR/MOR Plus incorporates 1510-nm optical service channel simplify operations access intermediate optical line amplifier sites while allowing true seamless management integration across both optical electrical (SONET/SDH) layers.
Main Transport Shelf (with MORs/ Pluses)
Environmental Control Unit DWDM Shelf (optical couplers)
Figure Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus
Consisting single circuit pack, MOR/MOR Plus installed available circuit pack slot OC-192 service terminating regenerator network element stand-alone based S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 product platform (see Figure stand-alone handles needs OC-48 network element sites, OC-192 network element sites where consolidated desired/required, also intermediate locations needing OC-48/192 bidirectional optical line amplifiers.
Integrated SONET/SDH/Optical Layer DWDM Solutions Other Suppliers Can't Match!
Complete high-capacity solutions integrated across SONET/SDH optical layers S/DMS TransportNode's comprehensive portfolio integrated SONET/SDH layer optical layer products (Figure offer numerous advantages delivering flexible, high-capacity transport networks with uncompromising level service quality. combining OC-48 and/or OC-192 systems with appropriate optical layer building blocks, carriers achieve unique high-capacity solutions tailored their exact short-term long-term needs. Everything fully integrated provide superior end-to-end performance while allowing seamless cross-layer management from common interfaces.
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SONET/SDH Layer
Optical Layer
Optical Fiber
SONET/SDH service terminating network element (OC-48/192/STM-16/64)
SONET/SDH regenerator (OC-48/192/STM-16/64)
DWDM termination site MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifier Optical add/drop site
Figure S/DMS TransportNode High Capacity Cross-Layer Profile
Please review detail many advantages S/DMS TransportNode's global high-capacity SONET/SDH/DWDM transport solutions shown Benefits Checklist below. think you'll agree that S/DMS TransportNode sets benchmark entire industry.
S/DMS TransportNode High-Capacity Solutions Benefits Checklist
Maximum Fiber Utilization Return Invested Capital. S/DMS TransportNode provide aggregate span capacities Gb/s absolute maximum return capital invested fiber plant. many cases, carriers avoid defer large capital outlays long lead times associated with fiber deployment. Choice Expansion Options. Service providers choose either higher rate systems, more wavelengths, combinations both desired achieve capacity expansion strategy that best meets specific business objectives. Convenient One-Stop Shopping. Nortel Networks' S/DMS TransportNode offers fully integrated SONET/ SDH/DWDM systems designed deliver superior level service quality, unsurpassed reliability, lower operational/life-cycle costs. Unsurpassed Error Ratio Performance. Guaranteed end-to-end 10-12 Gb/s (OC-48) virtually error free 10-15 Gb/s (OC-192). Self-Healing Ring Architectures. Two-fiber BLSRs (OC-48 applications) four-fiber BLSRs (OC-192 applications) protect against cable cuts node failures providing duplicate, geographically diverse path each service. Four-fiber BLSRs also offer dual protection switching modes (i.e. span switching ring switching) that maintain service even presence multiple concurrent faults. Global, Multi-Service Transport. Direct SONET/SDH interfaces OC-192 systems support wide range voice, data, video services. OC-12/12c, STM-4/4c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c interfaces available today with OC-3/3c STM-1 tributaries planned near-term introduction.
Continued next page
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S/DMS TransportNode High-Capacity Solutions Benefits Checklist (cont'd)
Efficient Traffic Management. Direct optical connections carrier points presence cross-connect systems lead lower costs, reduced complexity footprint requirements, well improved reliability. STS-1 bandwidth management granularity assures efficient network resources less traffic backhauling external cross connection. Single-Vendor Troubleshooting Advantage. Because S/DMS TransportNode offers complete, integrated SONET/SDH/optical layer solutions, troubleshooting fault diagnosis accomplished quickly without "finger pointing" that sometimes occurs multivendor configurations. Rate Independent Multi-Wavelength Optical Amplifiers. S/DMS TransportNode`s Plus optical amplifiers accommodate both OC-48 OC192 line rates enable hybrid OC-48/192 DWDM configurations employing many (MOR) (MOR Plus) counter propagating wavelengths blue bands. OC-48 systems upgraded OC-192 line rate when desired without replacing optical amplifiers. Compatible With Major Fiber Types. DWDM configurations with extended reach support major fiber types today including NDSF, DSF, NZ-DSF (e.g. Lucent TrueWaveClassic/Plus Corning SMFLSTM/LEAFTM). Bidirectional Architecture. S/DMS TransportNode's DWDM configurations fully bidirectional allow convenient bundling bidirectional working channels single fiber. Bidirectional protection channels then bundled separate protection fiber assure high level survivability. Plus plug-ins also feature full bidirectional operation, reducing equipment requirements, complexity, costs intermediate optical line amplifier sites. Optical Service Channel. integrated, bidirectional optical service channel simplifies operations access intermediate line amplifier sites without expense complexity external data communications infrastructure. Seamless Network Management. Access network management functions seamlessly integrated across OC-48, OC-192, MOR/MOR Plus network elements. S/DMS TransportNode high-capacity DWDM configuration always offers good with existing future operations architectures, including Nortel Networks' next-generation Integrated Network Management (INM) Broadband point-and-click control center solution. Integrated Optical Layer Management. With advantage built-in MOR/MOR Plus optical layer maintenance features, S/DMS TransportNode offer integrated management SONET/SDH optical parameters. In-service diagnostic capabilities such optical output power optimization return loss measurement simplify system turn-up reduce need expensive external test equipment. Interoperability. ongoing interoperability program provides multi-vendor interoperability traffic, operations messaging, operations system interworking. Circuit Pack Inventory Savings. S/DMS TransportNode's DWDM wavelength plan includes "spare" wavelengths that substituted bidirectional optical channels. This allows single pair optical transmitters serve maintenance spares optical channels DWDM configuration, thus yielding significant savings circuit pack inventory costs. Future Proof. S/DMS TransportNode high-capacity configurations easily expandable future actual growth exceeds earlier forecasts. advanced Plus optical amplifier handles maximum wavelengths support future application requirements Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span. Mid-stage access also available Plus, allowing insertion in-line optical components leading-edge optical networking applications such lossfree wavelength add/drop optical cross-connection. Plus deployed together same application.
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OC-192 Network Element
industry's leading platform ultra highcapacity SONET/SDH transport solutions S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform industry's first (and leading) 10Gb/s SONET transport system ultra high-capacity long-haul backbones congested urban spans. terminates tributaries with combined bandwidth Gb/s single 7-foot (Figure provide aggregate fiber span capacities high Gb/s when deployed DWDM arrangement using wavelengths. short, S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 solution offers superior, less costly alternative multiple overlaid OC-48 systems environments where traffic demand especially heavy. Moreover, OC-192 platform's capacity advantages, come expense service quality. built-in forward error correction (FEC) feature permits virtually error-free transmission (guaranteed 10-15 BER) that handle even most demanding service quality objectives. Service quality further enhanced numerous proactive performance monitoring features including advanced intermediate path performance monitoring (IPPM).
Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
Main Transport Shelf
Tributary line interfaces, STS-1 cross connection
Environmental Control Unit Extension Shelf (optional) Additional tributary line interfaces required) Optical couplers DWDM Shelf
Figure OC-192 Bay, Functional View
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common bay/shelf equipment layout supports network element configurations
versatile S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 architecture supports variety network topologies using common bay/shelf equipment layout. Thus, upgrades from type network element another (e.g. from terminal ring node) easily accomplished without replacing bays shelves. Currently supported self-healing four fiber BLSRs, linear add/drop chains, point-to-point terminals/ hubs, unprotected (0:1/0:2) transparent multiplexers, regenerators. Four-fiber BLSR linear add/drop configurations offer bandwidth management with full STS-1 time slot assignment (TSA) granularity. flexibility inherent S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 architecture facilitates future introduction additional topologies (e.g. two-fiber BLSR) bandwidth management features (e.g. hairpinning) network needs evolve. Mixed tributary support enables OC-192 systems transport wide range voice, data, video/multimedia services. Both SONET (OC-12/12c, STS/OC-48/48c) (STM-4/4c, STM-16/16c) tributaries supported concurrently powerful advantage that provides network simplification, cost savings, management efficiencies gateway sites global applications. DS-1, DS-3, STS-1, OC-3/3c services also available conjunction with subtending lower rate shelves. (Direct OC-3/3c STM-1 service interfaces planned introduction S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform near term.) STS-1 bandwidth management granularity four-fiber BLSR linear add/drop applications assures efficient network resources less traffic back-hauling external cross connection. Single-ended OC-192 system management integrates seamlessly with other members S/DMS TransportNode family industry standard operations interfaces protocols such TL-1, (CMISE), Ethernet/TCP-IP (for interworking with Nortel Networks' Broadband point-and-click management tool). easyto-use PPP/TCP-IP web-based browser network element user interface also supported.
multi-service global transport vehicle
OC-192 System Architecture
Network element upgrades reconfigurations generally accomplished in-service addition/ rearrangement circuit packs making corresponding software changes any) S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 system employs common equipment shelves that support many different network element configurations single 7-foot (Figure Network element upgrades reconfigurations generally accomplished in-service addition/rearrangement circuit packs making corresponding software changes any). innovative enclosed circuit pack/card slot design offers improved electromagnetic emissions shielding, enhanced robustness, superior cooling without need filters. Major shelf types include:
Control Shelf that contains common equipment (e.g. Shelf Controller) provides various operations interfaces network element. This shelf also contain three-piece OPerations Controller (OPC) that supports powerful subnetwork-level management capabilities many widely separated network elements. Subnetwork management features include consolidated alarm/ event reporting, ring-level connection management, centralized software update/ restoral, single-ended operations gateway data communications remote
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operations systems (e.g. Nortel Networks' Broadband). Typically, plug-ins installed geographically diverse network elements assure survivability subnetwork management functions.
Linear protected (1+1/1:1) terminals/hubs, unprotected (0:1/0:2) transparent multiplexers, regenerator, four-fiber BLSR, linear add/drop chain, stand-alone optical layer MOR/MOR Plus configurations supported today
Main Transport Shelf containing various combinations tributary, line (OC192), MOR/MOR Plus plug-ins required. protected, completely nonblocking STS-1 switching matrix also supported this shelf provide integrated bandwidth management features such STS-1 time slot assignment. optional Extension Shelf additional tributary, line, MOR/MOR Plus interfaces that needed certain applications. example, four-fiber BLSR configuration, this shelf houses second protected OC-192 optics. other applications, DWDM Shelf used place Extension Shelf provide housing four DWDM passive components (such optical couplers dispersion compensation modules). Local Craft Access Panel which provides convenient interfaces typical craft functions (e.g. VT-100 craft access terminal, alarm cut-off, orderwire). Fiber Management Shelf equipped with five trays managing fiber slack mounting passive optical components such attenuators dispersion compensation modules.
OC-192 Network Element Topologies
OC-192 systems configured variety different topologies needed satisfy important carrier objectives cost containment, network simplification, bandwidth efficiency, survivability. Linear protected (1+1/1:1) terminals/hubs, unprotected (0:1/0:2) transparent multiplexers, regenerator, four-fiber BLSR, linear add/drop chain, stand-alone optical layer MOR/MOR Plus configurations supported today. flexibility inherent OC-192 platform enables future introduction additional topologies (e.g. two-fiber BLSR, protection channel sharing) carrier needs evolve.
Point-to-Point Terminal/Hub
Figure shows OC-192 network elements deployed traditional "classic" pointto-point topology that terminates entire SONET payload each fiber span. High-speed (OC-192) optics fiber span protected either non"Classic" Point-to-Point Configuration
OC-192 1+1/1:1 Protected Fiber Span OC-192 Point-to-Point Terminal
Mixed Tributaries (OC-12/12c, STM-4/4c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c)
Point-to-Point Configuration with Route Diversity
Diverse Route Protection Path
Regenerator Optical Amplifier
Figure OC-192 Point-to-Point Terminal/Hub Topology
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revertive revertive basis desired. Note that survivability enhanced through route diversity protection path. long-haul routes, regenerator and/or optical amplifier configurations deployed intermediate sites required bridge service terminating locations. DWDM applications employing multiple wavelengths, MOR/MOR Plus plug-ins configured optical pre/post amplifiers installed available slots Main Transport Shelf (Figure S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 terminal/hub supports mixed OC-12/12c, STM4/4c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c tributaries full STS-192 bandwidth available. Tributaries protected either non-revertive revertive basis.
Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces (shelf controller, OPC)
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays Mixed tributaries OC-12/12c STM-4/4c STS/OC-48/48c STM-16/16c Main Transport Shelf Optional MOR/MOR Plus positions)
OC-192
STS-1 OC-192 X-conn.
OC-192 line interfaces STS-1 cross connection
Environmental Control Unit Extension Shelf Additional OC-12/12c, STM-4/4c tributaries Filler
Figure OC-192 Terminal Layout, Mixed Tributaries Shown
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Transparent Multiplexer
Provides "invisible" Gb/s facility wide range congested OC-48/ STM-16 network environments OC-192 transparent multiplexer provides "invisible" Gb/s facility wide range congested OC-48/STM-16 network environments (Figure offers especially cost-effective solution OC-48/STM-16 linear ring applications where number available fiber pairs and/or mounting locations severely limited. subtending OC-48/STM-16 systems remain place undisturbed operate exactly interconnected OC-48/STM-16 fiber thus preserving prior investment.
OC-48/ STM-16 Node
Multiple OC-48/STM-16 Rings (Two-fiber BLSRs shown)
OC-192 Span Relief OC-192 Transparent Multiplexers (0:1 configuration shown)
Figure OC-192 Transparent Multiplexers Providing Span Relief Multiple OC-48 Rings
OC-192 transparent multiplexers always operate unprotected with fixed time slot assignments, allowing subtending OC-48/STM-16 systems provide protection switching bandwidth management functions. This high-level transparency assures interoperability with virtually OC-48/STM-16 network topologies (without regard equipment vendor) including point-to-point, two-fiber/four-fiber BLSR, unidirectional path switched ring (UPSR), linear add/drop, protection channel sharing. Full survivability maintained ring topologies. OC-192 transparent multiplexers available different configurations:
unprotected configuration that maps four unprotected STS/OC-48/ STM-16 STS/OC-48c/STM-16c tributaries onto single unprotected OC-192 optical channel unprotected configuration that maps eight unprotected STS/OC-48/ STM-16 tributaries unprotected STS/OC-48c/STM-16c tributaries onto unprotected OC-192 optical channels
configuration employed cost-effectively provide Gb/s aggregate capacity over fiber pairs over single fiber pair when deployed combination with DWDM. configuration also supports many OC-192 route diversity arrangements such OC-192 transparent ring Figure OC-192 transparent 0:1/0:2 multiplexers single 7-foot without need Extension Shelf (Figure 11). While transparent from OC-48 networking perspective, these network elements feature same integrated, single-ended operations, administration, maintenance, provisioning (OAM&P) visibility other members S/DMS TransportNode family.
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OC-48/STM-16 Ring OC-48/STM-16 Ring
OC-48/STM-16 Ring Pass-Through Traffic OC-48/STM-16 Ring
OC-192 Transparent Two-Fiber Ring
OC-192 Transparent Multiplexer (0:2) OC-48/STM-16 Ring OC-48/STM-16 Ring OC-48/STM-16 Ring OC-48/STM-16 Ring
OC-48/STM-16 Two-Fiber BLSR Nodes
Figure Typical Transparent Ring Configuration Employing OC-192 Transparent Multiplexers
Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays Mixed STS/OC-48/48c STM-16/16c tributaries
Main Transport Shelf
Optional MOR/MOR Plus positions)
OC-192 line interfaces
Environmental Control Unit Filler Panel
Figure OC-192 Transparent Multiplexer Layout
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Regenerator
OC-192 regenerator extends system reach reconstituting optical signal intermediate point between service terminating locations, required, multiple cascaded regenerators deployed extend reach hundreds miles (Figure 12). addition regenerators, OC-192 extended reach solutions typically encompass Nortel Networks' optical amplifier products (e.g. OLA/OPA MOR/ Plus) needed optimum cost-effectiveness robust optical performance. (Refer Section more information DWDM extended reach solutions employing MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers.)
Service Terminating OC-192 Network Element
Cascaded OC-192 Regenerators
Service Terminating OC-192 Network Element
Mixed Tributaries (OC-12/12c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-4/4c, STM-16/16c)
Mixed Tributaries
Figure Extended Reach Configuration Employing Cascaded OC-192 Regenerators
Full interworking with section layer SONET overhead channel enables remote management OC-192 regenerator network elements facilitates isolation troubles specific section along fiber route. Substantial cost footprint, management savings regenerator sites serving multiple long-haul systems S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 regenerator often referred dense regenerator network element since supports four bidirectional optical channels within single 7-foot bay. Thus, when compared with traditional twochannel regenerators, provides substantial cost floor space (footprint) savings regenerator sites serving multiple long-haul systems. because OC-192 regenerator always managed single network element, offers management savings well. OC-192 regenerator's four optical channels serve protected systems without route diversity four systems employing diverse routing enhanced survivability. mixed arrangement consisting non-route diverse route diversity systems (Figure also supported.
OC-192 Regenerator
Working Fibers Non-Route Diverse System Protection Fibers Working Protection Fibers Route Diversity Systems Working Protection Fibers Service Terminating OC-192 Network Elements
Mixed Tributaries
Mixed Tributaries
Figure Four-Channel Regenerator Configuration Serving Mixed Non-Route Diverse Route Diversity Systems
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OC-192 regenerator layout appears Figure below. Note that concurrently supports four 1+1/1:1 protected optical channels well four MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifier plug-ins.
Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
OC-192 line interfaces (channels facing west east)
Main Transport Shelf
Environmental Control Unit Extension Shelf
Optional MOR/MOR Plus positions)
OC-192 line interfaces (channels facing west east)
Figure OC-192 Regenerator Layout
Four-Fiber BLSR
Protects against cable cuts node failures furnishing duplicate, geographically diverse paths each service S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 four-fiber bidirectional line switched ring architecture protects against cable cuts node failures furnishing duplicate, geographically diverse paths each service. While providing guaranteed survivability similar two-fiber BLSR, offers advantage four fibers bidirectional fiber pairs) between adjacent nodes shown Figure additional fiber enhances architecture very important ways:
doubling traffic handling capacity ring given line rate) since twice number fibers available relative two-fiber BLSR protection switching modes automatic ring protection switching traditional span switching self-healing operation during multiple fault conditions
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OC-192
OC-192
Bidirectional Fiber Pair Working Traffic OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Node Bidirectional Fiber Pair Protection
OC-192
OC-192
Mixed Tributaries (OC-12/12c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-4/4c, STM-16/16c)
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Architecture
allocation bandwidth four-fiber BLSR identical point-to-point topologies that fiber pair between nodes carries working traffic exclusively while other pair serves protection facility. shown later Section OC-192 four-fiber BLSRs overlaid onto single working fiber single protection fiber using Nortel Networks' 32-wavelength DWDM technology. resulting aggregate Gb/s ring configuration offers both guaranteed survivability dramatic fiber savings.
Span Protection Switching Four-Fiber BLSR
Bypasses unidirectional bidirectional faults that affect only working fiber pair Four-fiber BLSR span protection switching bypasses unidirectional bidirectional faults that affect only working fiber pair. Examples include defective splice, faulty connector, optical transmitter/receiver problems. cable also affects only working fiber pair applications where geographically diverse routes link adjacent nodes. Because span protection switching operates independently each link, service maintained presence several concurrent working path faults. Thus, representative dual fault scenario (Figure 16), span protection switching activated between Nodes address optics module failure while same time protection fibers between Nodes bypass defective splice.
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Locally Terminating Traffic Working Fiber Pair
Optics Module Fault
Node
Working Fiber Pair Bypassed
OC-192 Protection Fibers Activated
OC-192
Locally Terminating Traffic
Protection Fibers Unused
Node Node
Protection Fibers Activated Protection Fibers Unused Locally Terminating Traffic
Splice Failure OC-192
Four-Fiber BLSR Node
OC-192
Node
Working Fiber Pair Bypassed Locally Terminating Traffic
Working Fiber Pair
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Span Switching Example Dual Fault Scenario
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Ring Protection Switching
Redirects traffic away from cable cuts node failures fault affects both working protection fibers (e.g. node failure cable span without route diversity), automatic ring protection switching redirects traffic away from fault using protection bandwidth (Figure 17). This protection switching mode similar operation two-fiber BLSR, except that dedicated fiber pair available provide protection facility.
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Locally Terminating Traffic Working Fiber Pair
Node
Fiber OC-192 Bidirectional Loopback Protection Fibers
OC-192
Redirected Traffic Protection Fibers
Node
Locally Terminating Traffic
Bidirectional Loopback Protection Fibers Redirected Traffic Protection Fibers
Node
Locally Terminating Traffic
Redirected Traffic Protection Fibers OC-192 OC-192
Node
Working Fiber Pair Working Fiber Pair Locally Terminating Traffic
Four-Fiber BLSR Node
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Ring Protection Switching Example
Four-Fiber BLSR Manageability
Labor saving ring-level management S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 four-fiber BLSRs easily managed ring level significant labor savings when compared traditional node-level management. Supported ring-level functions include consolidated alarm/event reporting, automated connection management, centralized software update, single-ended operations gateway interfaces. Simple point-and-click management four-fiber BLSRs available control center using Broadband workstation.
Bandwidth Management Advantages Four-Fiber BLSRs
S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 four-fiber BLSR nodes feature full non-blocking STS-1 bandwidth management granularity that allows eastbound westbound STS-1 time slot assigned tributary port passed through from east west) exactly desired optimum bandwidth efficiency best
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OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Node
(west) (east)
(tributary)
STS-1 Time Slot Assignment
available resources (see inset). feature eliminates drastically reduces need cumbersome back-hauling traffic site external grooming cross connection. because ring offers full Gb/s capacity from node node, fewer overlaid rings thus fewer hard-tomanage inter-ring hand-offs required when compared OC-48 ring architectures (Figure 18).
Overlaid OC-48 Rings
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSRs
Limited number inter-ring hand-offs without external cross connection Digital Cross-Connect System
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Solution
Traffic back-haul external cross connection
OC-48 Ring Based Solution
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Bandwidth Efficiencies Relative OC-48 Ring Solutions
OC-192 network element's built-in STS-1 switching matrix allows easy, near term introduction additional bandwidth management capabilities (for both fourfiber BLSRs other topologies) network needs evolve. Examples include hairpinning, drop-and-continue routing, time slot interexchange, support subtending rings.
Four-Fiber BLSR Configuration
S/DMS TransportNode four-fiber BLSR configuration (Figure supports mixed OC-12/12c, STM-4/4c, STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c tributaries Gb/s aggregate bandwidth). Four circuit pack slots available MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifier plug-ins.
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Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
Mixed STS/OC-48/48c, STM-16/16c, OC-12/12c, STM-4/4c tributaries Main Transport Shelf
OC-192 line interfaces (Groups Environmental Control Unit Extension Shelf OC-192 line interfaces (Groups Optional MOR/MOR Plus positions)
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Node Layout
Linear Add/Drop Chain Applications Using Four-Fiber BLSR Nodes
Direct access individual eastbound westbound channels without unnecessary multiplexing/ demultiplexing pass-through traffic linear add/drop topology provides direct access individual eastbound westbound channels intermediate sites along fiber route without unnecessary multiplexing/demultiplexing pass-through traffic (see Figure 20). offers cost savings, simplicity, improved reliability comparison back-to-back terminal arrangements. survivability linear add/drop routes enhanced through geographically diverse protection paths desired.
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Nodes Provisioned Span Protection Switching Only
East Facing Optics Only
Mixed Tributaries
West Facing Optics Only
Figure OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Nodes Configured Linear Add/Drop Topology
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ideal solution applications where current network infrastructure does support full geographic diversity four-fiber BLSR.Easy conversion self-healing ring future
S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform supports open ended linear add/drop chains using four-fiber BLSR nodes provisioned span protection switching only. Also, endpoint network elements equipped with optical interfaces eastbound westbound direction only. S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 linear add/drop chain offers ideal solution applications where current network infrastructure does support full geographic diversity four-fiber BLSR (Figure 21). addition delivering above advantages linear add/drop topology today, chain easily converted self-healing ring topology future (without upgrading either hardware software) fiber spans become available. because each network element essentially OC-192 four-fiber BLSR node, mixed tributary support STS-1 bandwidth management granularity both available along linear add/drop route. Upgrades from linear add/drop topology self-healing four-fiber BLSR impact connections already service.
Initial Linear Add/Drop Route Deployment
Second working protection OC-192 optics added when upgrading ring topology
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Node
Future Expansion Self-Healing Four-Fiber BLSR
Figure OC-192 Linear Add/Drop-to-Four-Fiber BLSR Upgrade
Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus Network Element
OC-192 platform configured stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus wide range extended reach OC-48/192 applications employing DWDM technology. This supports eight MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifier plug-ins full complement OC-192 common equipment. optional basis, MOR/ Plus also equipped with DWDM shelf that holds four DWDM passive optical components. Please refer page Section additional information MOR/MOR Plus network element configuration.
Built-In Features Superior Grade-of-Service Offerings
Features such forward error correction (FEC) proactive performance monitoring help carrier deliver unsurpassed level service quality while generating additional revenue through premium grade-of-service offerings. OC-192 performance monitoring functions encompass both line section analysis plus advanced intermediate path performance monitoring (IPPM) early detection problems affecting end-to-end service quality.
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Forward Error Correction
Guaranteed, virtually error-free transmission better than 10-15 OC-192 system's leading-leading edge feature embeds additional parity bits unused portion SONET overhead that enable automatic detection correction errors receiving OC-192 fiber span. result guaranteed, virtually error-free transmission better than 10-15 BER. employed either ways:
enable premium-quality service, especially data services 10-15 increase system reach section 10-12 quality level
Error correction events automatically captured reported OC-192 system's line layer performance monitoring feature, allowing proactive detection elimination service quality problems before customers affected.
Performance Monitoring
Enables problems detected corrected early enough prevent customer trouble reports costly service outages S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform offers proactive line, section, intermediate path performance monitoring line tributary interfaces. Performance monitoring enables problems detected corrected early enough prevent customer trouble reports costly service outages. also instrumental troubleshooting, spotting long-term trends facility performance, determining which facilities/systems best meet specific grade-of-service criteria. Intermediate path performance monitoring checks incoming line tributary STS-1 channels problems affecting end-to-end service quality. each monitored line/section/intermediate path performance parameter, error counts stored various quarter-hour daily registers. These total counts retrieved on-demand several local/remote operations interfaces. Error counts exceeding user-defined threshold automatically trigger performance alert message alarm. thresholds provided parameter allow easy distinction between subtle changes facility performance substantial degradation service quality. Supported industry-standard SONET line/section/intermediate path performance parameters include coding violations (CVs), errored seconds (ES), severely errored seconds (SES), severely errored frame seconds (SEFS), failure count (FC), unavailable seconds (UAS). mentioned above, OC-192 line statistics also available. addition above SONET line/section/intermediate path parameters, OC192 platform's performance monitoring feature also monitors optical (physical) layer reports threshold violations received optical power level signal quality (based optical signal-to-noise ratio). Protection switching activity monitored well, with statistics automatically captured protection switching events duration.
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Line/Service Interfaces Tributary Capacity
Highly precise DWDM optics support dense wave division multiplexing arrangements using many wavelengths specified ITU-T grid. Nortel Networks' Plus optical amplifiers (see Section enable extended reach over single span multiple hops. handles applications wavelengths while Plus addresses ultra dense requirements wavelengths. tributary side, OC-192 platform directly supports variety North American global voice, data, video transport needs accommodating mixed combinations following service interfaces:
OC-192
OC-192 Network Element
OC-12/12c
STS/OC-48/48c
OC-3/3c (future)
STM-1 (future)
STM-16/16c
OC-12/12c 1310-nm optics with protection STM-4/4c 1310-nm optics with protection
STM-4/4c
STS/OC-48/48c 1310/1557-nm optics with 1+1/ protection STM-16/16c 1310/1557-nm optics with 1+1/1:1 protection Many other service interfaces such DS-1/T1, DS3/T3, OC-3/3c, 10BaseT Ethernet, MPEG2 digital video also available conjunction with subtending shelves. Directly supported OC-3/3c STM-1 tributaries planned introduction near term.
Tributaries Supported OC-192 Network Elements
Single-bay OC-192 terminal, four-fiber BLSR, linear add/drop chain configurations permit full fill maximum Gb/s drop capacity tributary types. (Single-bay four-fiber BLSR linear add/drop chain nodes require "quad" interfaces when terminating more than eight OC-12/12c and/or STM-4/4c tributaries.) tributary protection architecture planned near term will enable drop capacity Gb/s single-bay OC-192 four-fiber BLSR linear add/drop chain node. OC-192 transparent multiplexers, designed primarily provide fiber relief cost savings overlaid OC-48/STM-16 routes, support unprotected STS/OC-48/48c STM-16/16c tributaries only. Drop capacity Gb/s configuration Gb/s configuration.
Integrated SONET/Optical Layer OAM&P Portfolio
Encompasses both SONET OC-192 platform's operations features encompass both SONET/SDH optical layer optical layers specifically designed promote reliable, high-quality service management functions while lowering network support costs. explained previously this section, builtin proactive SONET/SDH/optical layer performance monitoring functions help service providers spot service quality problems before customers become aware
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them. built-in tools such section/path trace signal label reveal misconnected fibers, cross-connect errors, similar installation faults. optical layer, expert system power optimizer feature automatically optimizes DWDM optical transmitter MOR/MOR Plus output power adjustment during system line-up test (SLAT). Analog maintenance optical reflectometer tools offered Plus reduce requirements external test equipment help find faults splices, optical connectors, fiber optic cable. Diagnostic features, provisioning functions, service options including optical layer tools parameters easily accessed from several convenient remote/local user interfaces. Supported operations interfaces/protocols include:
RS-232/VT-100 local remote craft access terminal easy-to-use PPP/TCP-IP web-based browser user interface (see below) TL-1 over X.25 TCP-IP (CMISE) over X.25 interfaces compatibility with Bellcore operations systems such Network Monitoring Analysis (NMA) surveillance system Operations Process System/Intelligent Network Element (OPS-INE) provisioning tool Ethernet/TCP-IP interface that supports X-terminal sessions well Nortel Networks Broadband network management solution Additional Ethernet interfaces bridging SONET overhead channel between collocated network elements linked SONET connection Parallel telemetry external alarm inputs relay contact outputs (optional)
OC-192 platform's operations interfaces single ended that management connection given network element enables access other network elements over SONET overhead channel. This feature enables efficient centralized network management without expensive complex external data communications infrastructure. With every software release, TL-1 interfaces undergo Bellcore Operations Systems Integration Modification Network Elements (OSMINE) process compatibility with operations systems such OPS-INE.
Browser Based User Interface
Better craft efficiency without special client software OC-192 platform's browser based user interface offers intuitive, easyto-use tool that dramatically improve craft efficiency when performing OAM&P functions (Figure 22). compatible with standard Netscapeand Internet Explorerbrowsers users need special client software. because accessed from virtually Windows95TM, MacintoshTM, Unixplatform, interface integrates seamlessly with just about operations environment. OC-192 browser user interface available option standard VT-100 craft interface. supports features VT-100 interface also offers valueadded capabilities that improve productivity eliminate need recall enter complex character strings. Full integration with S/DMS TransportNode
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Name Ottawa
Critical
Major
Minor
Warning
Lock
Active Point
Time 00:49
Silence
Shelf: Slot: Primary State:
Unit:
Wavelength -1547.72 1549.32 1550.92 1552.52
Band: (1547.50-1561.00 ============================== Payload Description -OC-192 DWDMTx Toronto OC-192 DWDMTx Montreal OC-192 DWDMTx Atlanta OC-192 DWDMTx York
Figure Browser Based User Interface Showing Inventory Details Selected Optical Channel
operations architecture enables remote log-in sessions with other network elements modules. addition, browser interface transparently accessed from Broadband workstation. OC-192 browser based interface accessed direct RS-232 connection, modem, 10BaseT Ethernet port. Both TCP-IP protocols supported, latter direct RS-232 dial-up connections. Compact HTML coding assures little impact data communications infrastructure. With advantage browser based user interface, features added OC-192 platform without requiring upgrades client software laptops, desktop PCs, workstations. Thus, feature enhancements relating bandwidth management, tributary support, optical layer functions, like transparently available "day one." consolidated management solution mixed broadband networks across multiple domains including SONET/SDH, ATM, Frame Relay, network elements
Broadband
Broadband control center tool (Figure offers consolidated management solution mixed broadband networks across multiple domains including SONET/SDH, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, Internet Protocol (IP) network elements from Nortel Networks other suppliers. facili-
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Federated Workstations
Optional X-Terminals Additional Users federated workstation)
Optional Workstations Hosting Software
Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) Managed Network Elements (TITAN 5500, Family, etc.)
TL-1 Comm. Server Router Router
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Using frame relay, X.25, Kb/s, etc. links Router
Managed Network Elements (S/DMS TransportNode OC-192/MOR/MOR Plus, OC-12, OC-48, AccessNode, etc.) Ethernet
Ethernet
OC-3 Express MX/CX Network Elements
Managed Object Agent OPerations Controller Network Processor
Figure Broadband Total Management Solution
tates high quality service through fast problem identification fault recovery individual carrier requirements. also lead lower overall operational costs increased revenue from rapid turn-up services. network management functions easily accessible through simple, standards-based point-andclick interface network management functions easily accessible through simple, standardsbased point-and-click interface including graphical surveillance alarm reporting, problem analysis, proactive performance monitoring, connection management, configuration management, remote circuit pack inventories, centralized software management. Network elements grouped, partitioned, displayed desired best serve individual functions, control centers, business customers. Broadband features application program interfaces (APIs) based open Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard, ideal multivendor environments integration with existing operations systems. example, Broadband provide direct user interface carrier's trouble ticketing system. Broadband also delivers advanced network management capabilities such partitioned network access customer network management (CNM) applications, automated common-cause problem analysis through intelligent alarm filtering correlation, alarm history audit trail features, on-line help available through easy-to-use web-based user interface.
Open, standards-based architecture
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Broadband's Open, Scalable
concurrent users flexible wide area network conjunction with standard addressing links Broadband's workstations with network elements shown Figure previous page. Federated networking allows many workstations deployed single application. Each workstation supports nine concurrent Xterminal users, permitting maximum concurrent users application. Thus, Broadband offers ample expandability multiple specialized control centers, backup centers, customer network management applications. single workstation (with subtending X-terminals) handle management needs 1200 network elements. fully expanded configuration employing federated workstations supports many 10,000 network elements abundant capacity even largest regional national networks. Broadband manage Nortel Networks network elements that support (e.g. S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform) well many other network element types from multiple vendors, latter using required vendor/network element specific Managed Object Agent (MOA) software modules. Currently included Broadband integrated management portfolio following:
10,000 network elements, abundant capacity even largest regional national networks
S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 network elements stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus bays S/DMS TransportNode OC-3 Express MX/CX, OC-12, OC-48 systems S/DMS TransportNode family network elements AccessNode family products Cornerstone Voice systems SONET Radio systems OC-1 JungleMUX Family Digital Video Codecs Magellan Passport Aswitch Tellabs TITAN® 5500 (SONET) 532E (SDH) digital cross-connect systems
additional information Broadband, call Sales Marketing Information Center 1-800-4 NORTEL request Total Manageability Broadband Networks, document number 56083.16.
Nortel Networks Interoperability Program
Fulfilling promise SONET S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 platform backed comprehensive, ongoing interoperability program dedicated maximizing interoperability multivendor networks. program addresses interoperability three distinct levels: traffic (payload) exchange, operations messaging, operations system interworking. date, program resulted proven traffic interoperability
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major SONET equipment vendors, with support operations messaging protocols such TL-1 Target Address Resolution Protocol (TARP) available multi-vendor interworking operations level. Single-ended TL-1 operations gateway interfaces enable interworking with standard operations systems such OPS-INE. These interfaces undergo Bellcore OSMINE compatibility testing with every software release. Nortel Networks will continue build above interoperability successes make multi-vendor networking full realization promise SONET practical realities. additional S/DMS TransportNode interoperability information, call Sales Marketing Information Center 1-800-4 NORTEL request Nortel Interoperability Program: Fulfilling Promise SONET, document number 56079.16.
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Plus Optical Amplifiers
S/DMS TransportNode Plus optical amplifiers provide extended reach DWDM solutions OC-48/192 backbone routes transporting wavelengths when using MOR, many wavelengths Plus applications. fully expanded configuration employing OC-192 line rate wavelengths supports aggregate span capacity Gb/s. Boost level optical signal each direction without costly optical-to-electrical conversions Handle both optical pre/ post optical line amplifier applications Plus incorporate leading-edge erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) technology that boosts level optical signal each direction without costly optical-to-electrical conversions. They operate bidirectional optical pre/post amplifier when collocated with service terminating regenerator network element. stand-alone bidirectional optical line amplifier mode also supported intermediate non-service terminating sites that employ regenerator. eight MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers (seven spans) cascaded long-haul routes extend system reach hundreds miles. Extended optical reach solutions based MOR/MOR Plus have been engineered deployed widely used fiber types including non-dispersion shifted fiber (NDSF), standard dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF). latter category encompasses Lucent's TrueWaveClassic Plus Corning's SMF-LSand LEAFTM. Nortel Networks offers many different MOR/MOR Plus configurations address varying needs specific DWDM solutions. Each MOR/MOR Plus consists either single circuit pack case Plus line amplifiers, back-toback Plus plug-ins. enable advanced optical networking capabilities, passive optical components such dispersion compensation modules add/drop couplers incorporated mid-stage Plus line amplifier configuration. optical amplifier operating mode (i.e. pre/post, line, line with mid-stage access) provisioned through software. Currently supported MOR/MOR Plus product offerings include following optical amplifier types: with Built-In Optical Service Channel This plug-in amplifies counter propagating band (1547.5 1561 Band Band blue band (1527.5 1542.5 wavelengths also provides unidirectional 1510-nm optical 1510-nm 1510-nm service channel (OSC) that propagates with band signals (see inset). complete bidirectional supported conjunction with second plug-in. bidirectional furnishes conveBlue Band Blue Band nient optical layer remote operations access facility Operations Data Drop Insert line amplifier applications where overhead channel SONET layer inaccessible. Supported optical connector types include
with (Pre/Post Line Amplifier)
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Band
Band
Only (Pre/Post Line Amplifier)
Blue Band
Blue Band
Only This version similar previous configuration does support integrated OSC. addresses applications where optical layer required remote operations access. example, along some long-haul routes, collocated network element (such OC48 regenerator) available provide SONET data communications bridge nearby optical line amplifier bay. Only plug-in type provides unidirectional 1625-nm does amplify either band blue band signals. offers solution applications where second with plug-in unavailable complete required bidirectional (e.g. route diversity configuration). Plus. While similar standard many respects, leading-edge Plus optical amplifier offers greater system reach supports maximum 32-wavelengths ultra dense configurations Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span. Mid-stage access also available, allowing insertion in-line optical components advanced optical networking applications such distributed/ band dispersion compensation, loss-free wavelength add/drop, optical cross-connection. Compatibility with enables both optical amplifier types deployed together same application. Plus offered both with without 1510-nm that propagates with band signals. shown insets left, Plus features individual band blue band ports band access applications. optical pre/post amplifier configuration consists single Plus circuit pack while Pluses connected back-to-back implement optical line amplifier configuration. Plus line amplifier offers advantage band access midstage passive optical components such dispersion compensation modules add/drop couplers (see bottom inset left).
1625-nm
1625-nm
Only
Operations Data Drop Insert
1510-nm Blue Band Blue Band (Propagates with band)
Plus (Pre/Post Amplifier)
Operations Data Drop Insert To/from band access passive components
1510-nm
1510-nm
Plus (Line Amplifier)
Band Blue Band
Operations Data Drop Insert Band 1510-nm
Plus (Line Amplifier with Mid-Stage Access)
Blue Band
In-Line Optical Components Operations Data Drop Insert
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Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
Integrated
Full "regenerator like" operations access without expense costly external data communications infrastructure MOR/MOR Plus optical service channel permits full, "regenerator like" operations access remote optical line amplifier sites where direct connection SONET overhead channel unavailable. Like SONET overhead channel, supports network management functions including alarm reporting, provisioning, fault diagnostics, remote software downloads. Thus, MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers maintain S/DMS TransportNode's seamless management integration across both SONET optical layers without expense costly external data communications infrastructure. typical application scenario that employs separate fibers working traffic protection (e.g. point-to-point four-fiber BLSR configurations shown Figure 24), MOR/MOR Plus plug-ins with unidirectional 1510-nm paired each site create complete bidirectional channel operations access. Note that this arrangement, blue wavelength propagation occurs opposite directions working protection fibers. 1510-nm signal always travels same direction wavelengths.
OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements MOR/MOR Plus Pair (pre/post amps.)
OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements MOR/MOR Plus Pair (line amps.) MOR/MOR Plus Pair (line amps.) MOR/MOR Plus Pair (pre/post amps.)
Blue Blue
DWDM Couplers
Blue
Working Facility with unidirectional 1510-nm
Protection Facility with unidirectional 1510-nm
Intermediate Intermediate
Blue
DWDM Couplers
Service Terminating Regenerator Site
Service Terminating Regenerator Site
Working protection fibers provide complete bidirectional Single-ended SONET optical layer operations access standard interfaces Notes: MORs/MOR Pluses equipped with unidirectional 1510-nm optical service channel. (e.g. access from Broadband workstation using addressing) wavelengths supported each fiber applications wavelengths Plus applications.
Figure Creating Bidirectional Using Paired MOR/MOR Plus Plug-Ins
two-fiber BLSR other applications where separate protection fiber available, MOR/MOR Plus with module paired with OSC-only plug-in achieve complete bidirectional optical service channel shown Figure This arrangement employs 1510 1625-nm wavelengths that travel opposite directions single fiber. Add/drop couplers route 1625-nm signal from OSC-only plug-in.
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OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements
Blue Blue Service Terminating Regenerator Site Intermediate
OC-48 and/or OC-192 Network Elements Bidirectional Optical Service Channel 1510
1625
DWDM Coupler
DWDM Coupler
Blue Blue
MOR/MOR Plus with 1510-nm (pre/post amp.)
1625
MOR/MOR Plus with 1510-nm (line amp.)
MOR/MOR Plus with 1510-nm (pre/post amp.)
1625
1625
1625
1625-nm Plug-In
1625-nm Plug-In
1625-nm Plug-In
Service Terminating Regenerator Site
Denotes 1625-nm add/drop coupler Single-ended SONET optical layer operations access standard interfaces Note: wavelengths supported applications wavelengths Plus applications.
(e.g. access from Broadband workstation using addressing)
Figure Bidirectional Implementation Using Single Fiber
available, unused ("dark") fiber employed transport 1625-nm wavelength. This alternative eliminates need 1625-nm add/drop couplers thus avoids link loss budget impact associated with these devices. Full single-ended operations access available remote network elements linked provided pair MOR/MOR Plus/OSC-only plug-ins connects directly internal operations buses network element which they installed. Hence, from network element's standard operations interfaces (such RS-232, X.25/TL-1, Ethernet/TCP-IP), full single-ended operations access available remote network elements linked OSC. example, using single Ethernet/TCP-IP operations gateway interface, Nortel Networks' point-and-click Broadband control center tool easily manage network elements associated with long-haul DWDM route including multiple service terminating OC-48/192 network elements, OC-48/192 regenerators, stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus bays. This advantage enables efficient centralized management without need complex external data communications network.
MOR/MOR Plus OAM&P Feature Highlights
Integrated optical layer provisioning, maintenance, diagnostics S/DMS TransportNode's MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers offer extensive portfolio operations features that promote robust operation, high quality service, rapid fault diagnosis. These features streamline virtually every aspect MOR/ Plus provisioning maintenance. they include advanced optical layer
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diagnostic tools such expert system power optimizer feature automated SLAT. MOR/MOR Plus OAM&P functions easily accessible from local remote user interface, operations system, Broadband workstation.
Provisioning Maintenance Features
MOR/MOR Plus provisioning maintenance portfolio encompasses following features:
Selectable optical amplifier mode (pre/post line amplifier according needs application) Selectable power control mode (average peak explained below) Selectable loss signal threshold Selectable minimum optical return loss threshold Selectable input shut-off mode threshold Channel inventory information including wavelength, channel payload description, circuit pack group, slot, shelf Autonomous alarms facilities (e.g. loss signal, optical return loss, input power), (e.g. loss signal, loss frame, loss data communications), equipment (e.g. circuit pack failure, circuit pack missing, circuit pack mismatch) Local express orderwire voice communication along optically amplified DWDM route
Power Control Modes
supports selectable automatic output power modes that help assure optimum performance long-haul DWDM environments. average mode, sets average output power wavelengths each band desired target value. peak mode combines average mode with additional feature that limits highest level wavelength each band desired target peak output power value. peak mode adds extra measure robust performance presence sudden increases drops power level individual wavelengths.
Advanced Optical Layer Diagnostic Tools
This MOR/MOR Plus OAM&P feature category offers powerful diagnostic capabilities such analog maintenance (optical power measurement), optical reflectometer, power optimizer SLAT tool.
Analog Maintenance
Non-intrusive optical power measurement without expensive external test equipment analog maintenance feature in-service (non-intrusive) diagnostic tool that enables measurement MOR/MOR Plus input output optical power levels each direction. reduces requirements expensive external test equipment while allowing problem analysis (e.g. signal degradation) without interrupting service. Supported measurements include: input output optical power level
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Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
each wavelength blue bands, percent total band power each wavelength, total power each band, total noise each direction including noise amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). time-stamped "save" function also provided assist spotting performance trends. measure power individual wavelengths, analog maintenance feature decodes special wavelength identifiers generated OC-48/192 optics signal origination point.
Optical Reflectometer
Finds faults splices, optical connectors, fiber optic cable integrated optical reflectometer another powerful in-service diagnostic tool that reveal faulty splices, optical connectors, fiber optic cable. feature measures undesirable signal reflections each MOR/MOR Plus optical port and, with analog maintenance function, captures time-stamped readings trend analysis.
Power Optimizer
Dramatically cuts time effort required determine provision correct output power levels OC-48/192 optical transmitters MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers DWDM applications expert system power optimizer SLAT tool dramatically cuts time effort required determine provision correct output power levels OC-48/192 optical transmitters MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers when turning upgrading DWDM system. eliminates need external test equipment during SLAT testing also permits optimized channel performance without complex calculations. When invoked, power optimizer automatically determines span loss profile signal quality (based signal-to-noise ratio) wavelengths used application. This results easy-to-understand display recommended optical transmitter MOR/MOR Plus power settings ensure optimum optical performance
MOR/MOR Plus Equipment Deployment
Plus plug-ins specifically designed installation equipment based S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 product platform. illustrated various layout views Section MOR/MOR Plus circuit packs integrated directly into OC-192 SONET network element configuration offered OC-192 platform. addition, stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus network element available wide range extended reach OC-48/192 DWDM applications service terminating, regenerator, optical line amplifier sites. This configuration supports eight MOR/MOR Plus plug-ins full complement OC-192 common equipment (Figure 26). optional basis, MOR/MOR Plus also equipped with DWDM shelf that holds four DWDM optical coupler trays. Some application needs addressed stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus equipment include:
OC-48 DWDM arrangements where OC-192 network elements available provide housing MOR/MOR Plus circuit packs
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Control Shelf
Common equipment, operations interfaces
Local Craft Access Panel Fiber Management Trays
Main Transport Shelf
MOR/MOR Plus optical amplifiers positions)
Environmental Control Unit DWDM Shelf (optional) Optical couplers (optional)
Figure Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus Network Element Layout
Efficient, consolidated management optical layer components
OC-48/192 optical line amplifier sites where OC-192 SONET layer network elements available OC-48/192 service terminating, regenerator, optical line amplifier sites where consolidation/segregation optical layer equipment simplified fiber routing desired
four-way terminal site installation Figure example, optical amplifiers have been placed single, stand-alone MOR/MOR Plus equipment permit efficient, consolidated management optical layer components. This approach also allows changes SONET layer equipment without impacting optical layer vice versa. instance, MOR/MOR Plus hardware and/or software upgraded enhanced optical performance while associated SONET network elements remain undisturbed. convenience, currently supported MOR/MOR Plus deployment possibilities shown single glance Figure Section covers each OC-192 SONET network element configuration greater detail.
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Working Protection Fibers (North)
OC-192 OC-192 Terminal (North) OC-192 Terminal (East)
Working Protection Fibers (West)
OC-192
OC-192
Working Protection Fibers (East)
Stand-Alone MOR/ Plus With Eight MOR/MOR Plus Plug-Ins
OC-192 Terminal (West)
OC-192 Working Protection Fibers (South)
OC-192 Terminal (South)
Figure Example Four-Way Terminal Site Served Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus
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Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
MOR/MOR Plus positions)
MOR/MOR Plus positions) MOR/MOR Plus positions)
OC-192 Linear Terminal future Two-Fiber BLSR Node)
OC-192 Transparent Multiplexer
OC-192 Regenerator
MOR/MOR Plus positions)
MOR/MOR Plus positions)
OC-192 Four-Fiber BLSR Node (for ring linear add/drop chain applications)
Stand-Alone MOR/MOR Plus
Figure MOR/MOR Plus Equipment Deployment Glance
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Advanced Optical Networking Solutions Global High-Capacity Transport Applications
High-Capacity Network Planning Applications
This section gives some general engineering guidelines extended reach OC-48/ DWDM applications employing S/DMS TransportNode Plus. information followed discussion many optical building blocks supported S/DMS TransportNode those building blocks combined provide powerful optical networking solutions typical applications. Please contact your Nortel Networks representative detailed engineering information pertaining specific applications. Backed planning experts, your Nortel Networks representative would pleased assist developing complete, robust OC-48/192 DWDM route designs tailored your unique network business requirements.
Optical Link Budget Engineering
optical reach information this section illustrates overall optical performance capabilities Plus different fiber types different numbers wavelengths. built-in allowance provided variety factors that influence system reach including connector losses, equipment aging, temperature variations. System reach guidelines assume worst-case levels noise distortion transmission impairments.
Optical Link Transmission Performance Guarantee
Guaranteed worst-case, end-of-life performance assure very high level service quality, optical reach specifications this section provide guaranteed worst-case, end-of-life years) performance 10-12 better OC-48/192 optical channels. addition, virtually error-free 10-15 performance guaranteed OC-192 channels operating within allowable link budgets with feature enabled. This performance guarantee assumes Nortel Networks passive/active optical components link design according Nortel Networks recommendations. (See your Nortel Networks representative further details.)
Benefits OC-192 Forward Error Correction
Increased system reach premium service quality through forward error correction OC-192 platform's feature employed enhance system performance ways:
10-15 premium-quality service mentioned above increased system reach 10-12 quality level
typically provides better than 10-20 under start-of-life (SOL) conditions with 10-15 quality guaranteed end-of-life (EOL). Using extended reach increases link budgets
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Average Versus Maximum Span Loss
Engineering flexibility spans with excess loss provide high degree route design flexibility, both average maximum span loss values typically provided MOR/MOR Plus optical link budgets. This permits DWDM solutions over long spans that exceed recommended average loss budget (but maximum value). example, OC-48 sixspan, eight-wavelength application with average span loss budget span, each spans introduce loss excess recommended budget). total excess loss accommodated provided total system loss budget reduced according formula:
Adjusted System Loss Number Spans (Average Loss Excess Loss Value) where Excess Loss Value equals: total excess loss total excess loss
above example with initial total system loss budget spans span), adjusted system loss value (budget)
spans
General Dispersion Management Strategies
Dispersion, natural spreading optical signal that occurs optical fiber, must held within acceptable limits extended reach DWDM applications. Nortel Networks offers variety solutions strategies that help limit both chromatic dispersion polarization mode dispersion, major types dispersion impairments. S/DMS TransportNode's high-capacity solutions support dispersion shifted fibers that significantly reduce chromatic dispersion relative regular non-dispersion shifted fiber. DWDM transmitters generate optical signal with very narrow spectral content further control chromatic dispersion. software provisionable chirp pre-compensation feature also available even greater resilience chromatic dispersion variety different fiber types. Nortel Networks' DCM-60, DCM-80, DCM-100 modules handle NDSF OC-192 applications When OC-192 system deployed NDSF outside plant, chromatic dispersion must limited more than 1400 ps/nm (measured 1557 OC192 optical receiver. Nortel Networks offers family dispersion compensation modules (DCMs) offset large amount chromatic dispersion introduced this fiber type. Known DCM-60, DCM-80, DCM-100, these passive optical devices correct chromatic dispersion introduced nominal NDSF fiber, respectively. Deploying multiple DCMs addresses OC-192 applications from endto-end. systems exceeding approximately length, DCMs must inserted optical path intermediate site. these situations, Plus line amplifier configured mid-stage access used maximize optical reach OC-48 NDSF systems tolerate 11,400 ps/nm chromatic dispersion (corresponding optical reach over DCMs required.
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Individual blue band dispersion compensation handles OC-192 NZ-DSF applications exceeding
OC-192 multi-span NZ-DSF applications experience different amounts chromatic dispersion each wavelength band. correct these different amounts chromatic dispersion, Nortel Networks offers blue band compensation modules DSF/NZ-DSF systems exceeding length. Nortel Networks' optical reach guidelines allow worst-case amounts polarization mode dispersion (PMD) typically found DWDM routes. Thus, special compensation measures usually required.
Optical Reach Specifications
Tables give maximum optical reach information OC-48/192 DWDM applications using different numbers wavelengths different types optical fiber. These specifications assume proper compensation chromatic dispersion Nortel Networks recommendations wavelength deployment according Nortel Networks' DWDM wavelength plan (page 55). OC-48/192 applications typically limited eight wavelengths high levels nonlinear impairments. Depending specific system architecture application, additional wavelengths blue band possible upgrade capacity beyond Gb/s required.
Table Typical Optical Reach Applications Using Wavelengths
Fiber Type NDSF NZ-DSF OC-48 Applications OC-192 Hybrid OC-48/192 Applications
Notes Optical reach values assume fiber loss 0.25 applications typically limited maximum eight wavelengths.
Table Typical Optical Reach Plus Applications Using Wavelengths
Fiber Type NDSF NZ-DSF OC-48 Applications OC-192 Hybrid OC-48/192 Applications
Note Optical reach values assume fiber loss 0.25
Wavelength Planning
S/DMS TransportNode's DWDM wavelength plan employs wavelengths applications many tightly spaced wavelengths with Plus. wavelengths divided into bands: blue band from 1527.5 1542.5 band from 1547.5 1561 (Figure 29). wavelengths
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Standard wavelengths specified 100-GHz wavelength grid "Spare" wavelengths permit circuit pack inventory savings
each band propagate opposite directions bidirectional DWDM configuration shown Figure page overall plan based standard wavelengths specified 100-GHz ITU-T wavelength grid. many wavelengths Gb/s aggregate capacity fiber span employed single application with additional "spare" wavelengths available common maintenance spare plug-ins that substituted bidirectional optical channel. spare wavelengths (typically 1541.30 1560.60 yields substantial circuit pack inventory savings since dedicated spares required each wavelength. maximum application flexibility, OC-48, OC-192, hybrid (mixed OC-48/ systems) configurations supported S/DMS TransportNode DWDM wavelength plan. Highly precise optical transmitters conjunction with cascaded MORs/MOR Pluses assure reliable operation over extended distances. major fiber types supported including NDSF, standard DSF, newer NZ-DSF fibers such Lucent's TrueWave Classic Plus Corning's SMF-LS LEAF. applications typically limit maximum number available wavelengths total eight, please contact your Nortel Networks representative more information. prevent interference with optically multiplexed SONET payloads, out-of-band wavelengths (1510 1625 employed MOR/MOR Plus bidirectional optical service channel. This topic discussed greater detail Section
single wavelength plan supports OC-48, OC-192, hybrid OC-48/192 applications
Wavelength Introduction
S/DMS TransportNode DWDM wavelength plan offers flexible scalability from wavelengths, allowing cost-effective deployment meet current needs while permitting easy expansion future. example, carrier choose initially implement just wavelengths then gradually more wavelengths increments traffic demands increase over time. Nortel Networks' recommended order wavelength introduction shown Table This introduction plan been specifically designed provide optimum performance optical channels irrespective number wavelengths deployed. addition, plan assures full compatibility with Nortel Networks' future DWDM product offerings.
Wavelength Add/Drop
explained later this section, Nortel Networks offers optical couplers that permit eight wavelength pairs added/dropped intermediate site along DWDM route. This capability provides economic, reliability, network simplification advantages comparison add/drop solutions implemented SONET layer.
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ITU-T Wavelength Grid with 100-GHz Spacing
1560.60 1559.79 1558.98 1558.17 1557.36 1556.55 1555.75
Number Wavelengths Application
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
SPARE
Band
1554.94 1554.13 1553.33 1552.52 1551.72 1550.92 1550.12 1549.32 1548.51 1547.72
Denotes supported DWDM wavelength
SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE
1541.30 1540.56 1539.77 1538.98 1538.19 1537.40 1536.61
Denotes supported DWDM optical add/drop wavelength
Notes: Wavelength plan shown applies NDSF NZ-DSF outside plant only. Contact your Nortel Networks representative guidelines pertaining fiber. Spare wavelengths substituted wavelength pair including optical add/drop wavelengths. Optical amplifiers must Plus type when more than wavelengths used. Applications wavelengths employ optical couplers designed either 100-GHz 200-GHz wavelength grid spacing. Applications using more than wavelengths employ 100GHz wavelength grid optical couplers.
Blue Band
1535.82 1535.04 1534.25 1533.47 1532.68 1531.90 1531.12 1530.33 1529.55 1528.77
Plus Applications Only
Plus Applications
Figure DWDM Wavelength Plan NDSF NZ-DSF Fiber
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Table DWDM Wavelength Pairs Order Introduction
Order Introduction Wavelength Pair 1535.04 1557.36 1530.33 1552.52 1528.77 1550.92 1533.47 1555.75 1539.77 1547.72 1538.19 1558.98 1536.61 1549.32 1531.90 1554.13 1529.55 1551.72 1534.25 1556.55 1531.12 1548.51 1532.68 1550.12 1535.82 1553.33 1537.40 1554.94 1538.98 1558.17 1540.56 1559.79
supported add/drop wavelengths shown 100-GHz ITU-T wavelength grid depicted Figure desired, these wavelengths reserved planned future optical add/drop application (i.e. these wavelengths initially skipped wavelength introduction plan Table
Optical Couplers Optical Networking Building Blocks
Each S/DMS TransportNode DWDM application incorporates number optical couplers building blocks provide required capacity, robustness, optical networking features guaranteed level service quality. These preengineered coupler/building block configurations include following:
DWDM optical coupler configurations designed 200-GHz wavelength grid spacing thus supporting maximum wavelengths band access (PBA), 200-GHz wavelength grid optical coupler configurations permitting blue/red band chromatic dispersion compensation NZ-DSF fiber types applications using wavelengths 100-GHz wavelength grid optical coupler configurations blue/red band chromatic dispersion compensation applications wavelengths Optical add/drop, 200-GHz wavelength grid coupler configurations adding/ dropping bidirectional wavelength pairs intermediate line amplifier site along DWDM route
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Optical add/drop, 100-GHz wavelength grid coupler configurations adding/ dropping eight bidirectional wavelength pairs intermediate line amplifier site along DWDM route Line amplifier site configurations with without chromatic dispersion compensation and/or mid-stage access
Eight-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler Building Block
eight-wavelength/200-GHz wavelength grid DWDM coupler building block multiplexes/demultiplexes eight counter propagating wavelengths onto single fiber (Figure 30). provides optical pre/post amplification also included correct chromatic dispersion OC-192 NDSF applications. Where discrete dispersion compensation required, (optical attenuator) typically replaces DCM. DWDM coupler employed this building block supports wavelengths with 200-GHz spacing.
Expansion port upgrade coupler spare wavelength Wavelengths
Blue Wavelengths Expansion port upgrade coupler spare wavelength
Figure Eight-Wavelength DWDM Configuration
Both blue multiplex/red demultiplex blue demultiplex/red multiplex configurations available with above building block. Note that coupler expansion ports enable wavelength applications spare wavelengths. (See Wavelength Planning description given earlier this section.) eight-wavelength/200-GHz wavelength grid DWDM coupler building block compatible with both NDSF NZ-DSF fibers. Standard applications require couplers with band access explained later this section.
Sixteen-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler Expansion Building Block
shown Figure this configuration "daisy chains" second DWDM coupler onto eight-wavelength building block above support working wavelengths plus spare wavelengths. otherwise similar eight-wavelength configuration. Note that 16-wavelength DWDM coupler building block implemented provide 16-wavelength capacity "day one" upgrade existing eight-wavelength configuration.
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Spare Wavelengths Blue Wavelengths Spare
Figure Sixteen-Wavelength DWDM Configuration
Eight-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Building Block
While sharing many similarities with standard eight-wavelength configuration, eight-wavelength coupler with building block maximizes system reach NZ-DSF fibers allowing band compensation chromatic dispersion. These fibers generally impose different amounts dispersion blue band signals. only band requires discrete dispersion compensation, substituted second (see Figure 32). Note that band splitter/combiner furnishes bidirectional blue/red wavelength signal required optical pre/post amplifier. Plus used, band splitter/combiner unnecessary since this optical amplifier individual blue band interfaces.
Expansion port upgrade coupler spare wavelength Wavelengths Band Splitter/ Combiner
Blue Wavelengths Expansion port upgrade coupler spare wavelength
Plus applications eliminate band splitter/combiner requirement Plus
Figure Eight-Wavelength DWDM with Configuration
Sixteen-Wavelength, 200-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Expansion Building Block
This "day one" upgrade configuration "daisy chains" second DWDM coupler onto eight-wavelength coupler with band access building block above support working wavelengths plus spare wavelengths (Figure 33). otherwise similar eight-wavelength band access configuration.
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Spare Wavelengths Blue Wavelengths Spare
Band Splitter/ Combiner
Plus applications eliminate band splitter/combiner requirement Plus
Figure Sixteen-Wavelength DWDM with Configuration
Thirty-Two-Wavelength, 100-GHz Wavelength Grid DWDM Coupler with Band Access Building Block
32-wavelength DWDM configuration (Figure implemented phases support eight, wavelengths required. DWDM couplers designed wavelengths with very tight 100-GHz spacing employed enable applications using more than wavelengths. cases, Plus provides optical pre/post amplification with band access chromatic dispersion compensation. building block compatible with fiber types (NDSF, DSF, NZDSF), with applications limited maximum eight wavelengths.
32-Wavelength Expansion
Wavelengths Blue Wavelengths
24-Wavelength Expansion
16-Wavelength Expansion
Wavelengths
Spares
Plus
Figure 32-Wavelength DWDM with Configuration
Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Building Block
Economic, reliability, network simplification advantages relative SONET layer add/drop solutions This optical networking building block provides economic, reliability, network simplification advantages relative SONET layer add/drop solutions. permits bidirectional wavelength pair added/dropped intermediate line amplifier site along DWDM route. Thus, local traffic easily cost-effectively terminated while "express" wavelengths directly transport other traffic from end.
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depicted Figure two-wavelength add/drop with building block employs optical add/drop coupler optical line amplifiers that eliminate need de-rate optical link budgets. configuration compatible with NDSF, DSF, NZ-DSF outside plant both 100-GHz 200-GHz wavelength grid optical add/drop couplers. DCMs also deployed correct chromatic dispersion add/drop site OC-192 applications using NDSF fiber. arrangement symmetrical that total number wavelengths transported from does change. Supported optical add/drop wavelengths shown wavelength plan Figure page
Optical Add/Drop Coupler
wavelength add/drop Blue
Blue wavelength add/drop
Figure supported optical add/drop wavelengths.
Figure Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Configuration
Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Plus Building Block
cost-effective two-wavelength optical add/drop building block based Plus (Figure also available compatibility with 32-wavelength DWDM permit band dispersion compensation add/drop site. will seen later this section, offers additional advantage easy expansion maximum add/drop wavelengths eight add/drop wavelength pairs) when required. configuration otherwise similar two-wavelength add/drop with building block above. Note that this building block deployed using either 100-GHz 200-GHz wavelength grid optical add/drop coupler.
Optical Add/Drop Coupler Wavelengths Plus Plus wavelength add/drop Blue
Blue Wavelengths
Blue wavelength add/drop
Figure supported optical add/drop wavelengths.
Figure Two-Wavelength Add/Drop with Plus Configuration
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Four-Wavelength Add/Drop with Building Block
Four wavelengths bidirectional wavelength pairs) added/dropped optical line amplifier site using based cascaded building block Figure This symmetrical optical add/drop configuration supports NDSF NZDSF outside plant both 100-GHz 200-GHz wavelength grid optical add/ drop couplers. DCMs deployed NDSF applications.
Optical Add/Drop Coupler Optical Add/Drop Coupler
Wavelength add/drop Blue
Wavelength add/drop Blue
Wavelength Blue add/drop
Wavelength Blue add/drop
Figure supported optical add/drop wavelengths.
Figure Four-Wavelength Add/Drop with Configuration
16-Wavelength Add/Drop with Plus Building Block
Cascading multiple optical add/drop couplers onto t
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