Bluetooth® Certification Guide National Semiconductor Application

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Bluetooth Certification Guide
Bluetooth® Certification Guide
National Semiconductor Application Note December 2005
Scope
This document describes steps preparation needed full regulatory Bluetooth certification product, including lists required tests detailed procedures.
Introduction
Bluetooth trademark authorization enter market with product that includes Bluetooth functionality, required pass Bluetooth Qualification program (system conformance requirements). Bluetooth Qualification process which Bluetooth Member (product manufacturer) demonstrates compliance with Bluetooth system specifications, required Bluetooth Member agreement. Bluetooth Qualification program framework that establishes qualification rules procedures. qualification process regulated (Special interest Group). Products components approved listed Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB), pointed SIG. Bluetooth Qualification part regulatory authority requirements. Regulatory requirements governmental type approval requirements outside scope Bluetooth Qualification Program. sole responsibility Member fulfill relevant national regulatory requirements before product launch use. Bluetooth module (seen component) required pass regulatory requirements such EMC, safety end-user product requirements (for example, those FCC, ETSI, etc.). However, Bluetooth module will subject those parts FCC/ETSI requirements which referenced Bluetooth specification. necessary meet ETSI/FCC requirements well safety requirements both pass Bluetooth Qualification ensure that product will pass regulatory requirements end-user product (for example, dongle). level effort passing Bluetooth qualification regulatory approval tests various products such PDAs, dongles, headsets, etc. general same. size overall approval scope (number test cases) differ depending implemented functionality (software profiles) product. basic mandatory requirements are: L2CAP, SDP, GAP, Bluetooth EMC, safety, regulatory parts will same.
Abbreviations
BQRB BQTF DECT EIRP ETSI L2CAP SDOC TX/RX Baseband Processor Error Rate Bluetooth Qualification Administrator Bluetooth Qualification Body Bluetooth Qualification Review Board Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility Compliance European Carrier-to-Interferer Ratio Digital European Cordless Telephony Declaration Conformity Device Under Test Effective Isotropic Radiated Power Electromagnetic Compatibility European Telecommunications Standard Institute Federal Communications Commission Generic Application Profile Global System Mobile Communications Host Controller Interface Hands-Free Logical Link Controller Adaptation Protocol Link Manager Voltage Directive National Electrical Code Printed Circuit Board Qualified Products List Radio Frequency Specific Absorption Ratio Supplier's Declaration Conformity Service Discovery Protocol Special Interest Group Serial Port Protocol Transmit/Receive Universal Serial
Bluetooth registered trademark Bluetooth SIG, Inc. used under license National Semiconductor.
©2005 National Semiconductor Corporation
Table Contents
Scope Abbreviations Introduction Entering Global Markets Points Achieving Certification Bluetooth Qualification Process Bluetooth Qualification Testing Bluetooth Conformance Testing Bluetooth Interoperability Testing Test Procedure Chain Activities Compliance Folder Certification Market-Specific Requirements Regulatory Requirements Generic Regulatory Approval Process Preparation Phase Test Execution Phase Maintenance Phase Regulatory Test Cases 10.1 Test Cases 10.2 Test Cases 10.3 Medical Device Directive Bluetooth Qualification Test Cases 11.1 Output Power 11.2 Power Density 11.3 Power Control 11.4 Transmit Output Spectrum 11.5 Frequency Range 11.6 Bandwidth 11.7 Adjacent Channel Power 11.8 Modulation Characteristics 11.9 Initial Carrier Frequency 11.10 Carrier Drift 11.11 Spurious Emissions 11.12 Sensitivity 11.13 Performance Preparing Radio Certification 12.1 Equipment Setup Data Collection 12.2 Suggested Equipment 12.3 Golden Unit Selection 12.4 Other Preparations Prequalified Components Modules 13.1 Serial Module, Product Type 13.2 Bluetooth Module, Component Type 13.3 Integrated Circuits, Chip Type 13.4 Baseband Processor, Chip Type 13.5 Reference Designs Modules 13.6 Examples 13.7 Summary Test Requirements 13.8 Software Stack 13.9 BQTF Required Test Cases 13.10 Bluetooth "Own Branding" Regulatory Implementation Guide Regulatory Activities Module Product Potential Pitfalls Sample Product Qualification Certification Frequently Asked Questions Bluetooth Qualification Test Facilities
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0
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Entering Global Markets
Bluetooth wireless technology uses 2.4-GHz band which available unlicensed most countries worldwide. Despite harmonization efforts, approval processes well spectrum allocation radio requirements vary regionally. Depending targeted market, compliance with applicable Radio, EMC, product safety standards, including where appropriate, will required gain necessary approvals. addition (and independent national government regulatory approvals, product will also need comply with Bluetooth Compliance Requirements defined Bluetooth Qualification Process.
Bluetooth Devices Compliance with Bluetooth Specification Qualification Program Compliance with International Regulations Regulatory Type Approval Radio Interface
Certification
Safety Certification
Industry Requirements
Global Markets
Figure Product Compliance
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Points Achieving Certification
most important part towards achieving Bluetooth certification preparation device. This described greater detail later document short summary given here. also summary chart (Figure Member (product manufacturer) retrieve relevant specifications documentation from Bluetooth qualification website http://qualweb.bluetooth.org/. Main parameters areas check: Device Grounding-The center slug radio chip must soldered ground case module package, ground pins must have numerous vias short connections ground. Power Supply Decoupling-Power supply must noise decoupled using larger caThe overall design/qualification process broken pacitors. chip module pins should have cadown into these main steps: pacitor pair placed close pins. Become Adopter Member Bluetooth SIG. Loop Filter Values-Check LMX5252, LMX5452, LMX9830 data sheets recommended values, Review data sheet complete documentation bearing mind that further tweaks these values package selected National Semiconductor product. needed optimum performance. Review also Design schematic component layout. critical LMX5252 Loop Filter Design guide Easygrounding decoupling required radio must design tool National's Webench. Loop filter valstudied detail. will slightly different 13-MHz crystals. Generate schematic layout Gerber files fiAntenna Design Matching-Review Bluetooth application. Antenna Design application note. Compare schematics layout files details Crystal Frequency-Must within ppm) datasheet, reference designs application notes. target frequency MHz). Implement design changes agreed review. Temperature Range-Although recommended that Production first prototypes (between units). parameters checked over temperature range least five units must tested fully over temperawhen design change made, following most critical: ture range. failure marginal pass specification must Power Output corrected component change layout modification. Sensitivity 10.Test DUTs again verify that parameters Modulation Index within specification. Ratio 11.Prepare three "golden units" BQTF, with Frequency Drift tenna connectors with original antenna. Figure summarizes overall process achieving certi12.Select BQTF prepare documentation DUTs. fication, remainder this document provides 13.Submit documentation DUTs BQTF detailed description this process. regulatory Bluetooth qualification tests. 14.Product will listed official Bluetooth page Bluetooth compliant when test cases have passed. 15.Release product manufacturing.
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Product
Product developer becomes Adopter Member Bluetooth SIG.
Test report documentation. Prepare BQTF.
member (product manufacturer) retrieves relevant documentation specifications from Bluetooth qualification website.
Prequalification testing against Bluetooth, FCC, EMC, etc. specifications much detail possible.
Retest units, possible redesign.
Regulatory Testing: Product definition, market conditions, prequalified components used will determine regulatory testing required.
Retest units, possible redesign.
select least three golden units?
Pass? BQTF generates compliance test report.
Member selects BQTF BQB.
Submit review documentation.
Bluetooth conformance testing.
Submit qualification program documents BQA.
Select between conformance, protocol conformance, interoperability.
Review design.
Approval listing.
Production Start Pass?
Figure Certification Process
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Bluetooth Qualification Process
entity intending produce market product which includes Bluetooth functionality must first become Bluetooth Member executing applicable Bluetooth Agreements, which available from Bluetooth site. Next, Member must demonstrate that each particular product design complies with Bluetooth System Specifications (including Compliance Requirements). Table Figure introduce process which Member qualifies product.
Table Process Bluetooth Product Qualification Pre-Test Preparation Member Product development Engineering testing Prepare ICS, test case mapping, reference design, application note Test planning Assist Member example: Test planning Qualification requirement review BQTF Required assist Member example: Test planning Qualification requirement review Testing Conduct category tests Generate test reports category tests Build compliance folder Assist Member issues related Qualification testing Build compliance folder collaboration with Member Post-Test Assessment Listing Provide inputs listing
Assess compliance folder List Qualified Product
Conduct category tests Required Generate test reports category tests Available resource, assist category tests
Performs Category Tests
Performs Category Tests
Test Reports, Declarations, Documentation
Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA)
Bluetooth Site Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB) Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) Qualification Program Documents
Product Manufacturer (Member)
Qualified Products List
Documents from Site
Product Documentation
Test Report
Figure Bluetooth Qualification Process Flow
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Bluetooth Qualification Testing
Bluetooth qualification requirements include: Conformance Tests Protocol Conformance Tests Profile Interoperability Tests Compliance Declarations Documentation Review
reviews submittals prepares qualified product notice. question regarding conformance interoperability product, may, with Member's permission, submit information through BQRB ruling. BQRB must consulted, Member will requested prepare submission according BQRB guidelines. When current requirements satisfied, informs Member that product ready listing Bluetooth Qualified Product. product listing shall paid Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
Bluetooth Conformance Testing
Conformance testing Bluetooth product defined testing according applicable procedures given Bluetooth protocol test specifications Bluetooth profile conformance test specification, when tested against reference test system. objective protocol, profile test specifications provide basis conformance tests Bluetooth wireless devices that will provide high probability compliance with Bluetooth System Specifications. conformance tests performed accredited BQTF Member, according test case category.
Chain Activities
process obtaining product qualification summarized below, showing steps necessary accomplish this task. Product qualification accomplished using following steps, necessarily this order. listed steps considered typical, they cover possible steps Qualification Process.
listing applicant becomes Member. Member retrieves from Bluetooth Qualification Program site information including following: Bluetooth Interoperability Testing Current (Qualification Program reference docuInteroperability testing defined functional testing ment) against another operational Bluetooth wireless product per- Applicable Test Specifications formed according applicable instructions guide- Test Case Reference List lines given Bluetooth Profile Interoperability Test Specification. ICS/IXIT forma 7.2.1 Blue Units Applicable Test Case Mapping Table Qualification Program launched before validated Member selects provide advice assistance during process. Conformance Test Systems were available. provide consistency testing improve likelihood Member prepares material necessary Cominteroperability field while this situation prevailed, pliance Folder (see next section details) submitBQRB recognized certain products protocol testing BQB. called Blue Units. Testing using Blue Units will establish Member prepares submits application confidence lower layer protocols Bluetooth wireBluetooth product qualification each less technology. Testing using Blue Units will phased unique product containing Bluetooth interface. validated protocol conformance test capability becomes available. Until then, specifications remain Member performs required tests (with Category tests performed accredited BQTF, below). only authoritative source regarding compliance. Test reports evidence successful test completion Test Procedure tests included Compliance Folder. Member selects from list recognized Compliance Folder BQBs found Bluetooth site. assist Member throughout entire product qualification pro- Compliance Folder submitted shall include cess. Member prepares compliance folder following documents: works with develop product test plan. 7.5.1 Applicable Bluetooth Agreement product test plan requires testing services BQTF, Member select BQTF that been accredited Only Members Bluetooth have products perform type testing required. necessary docu- listed QPL. responsibility manufacturer mentation demonstrate compliance specification submitting products qualification, substantiate their provided Member, e.g. technical product Bluetooth membership BQB. This done description, user's manual, Implementation Con- including signed copy Bluetooth Agreement formance Statement forma this document avail- Compliance Folder. each nine Promoter able Bluetooth site), etc. Member provides companies, this requirement submitting declaration attesting that company Bluetooth test reports required tests BQB. Promoter company. Member responsible establishing necessary non-disclosure agreements contracts services with BQTF, BQB, BQA.
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7.5.2 Product Description Member must prepare submit description product, including these items (when relevant): Descriptive Name Exact Model Number Hardware Version Number Software Version Number Bluetooth Profiles Supported This information will appear Bluetooth Qualified Products List when product fully qualified. addition identifying information, Member must also submit sufficient technical documentation allow determine whether product should qualified. This documentation includes minimum: Preliminary user manual user guide Functional block diagram technical description 7.5.3 Declaration Compliance Member must submit Declaration Compliance (DoC) using current version available Bluetooth site. shall identify specific product listed, including hardware software version numbers covered listing. 7.5.4 Prequalified Products Evidence prequalified subparts qualification. 7.5.5 Application Note Where applicable component reference designs. 7.5.6 Product Test Plan Member, with advice from BQB, will generate product test plan, detailing required testing product qualification. Test Case Reference List, test case mapping table, ICS, IXIT should used information resources generation product test plan. test plan dictates Category testing, product test plan will used coordinate BQTF test efforts. Member also request BQTF perform Category tests product test plan coordinate test efforts. used with test case mapping tables determine which test cases applicable product. Test Case Reference List (TCRL) shows category each test case, date that category becomes active test case. categorization test cases where test cases should performed well type evidence that required.
Implementation Extra Information Testing (IXIT) provides information related Implementation Under Test (IUT) testing environment required appropriate test suite (e.g. addressing information upper tester interface). answers IXIT questions testing purposes, i.e. parameterization test cases. Bluetooth ICS/IXIT forma Bluetooth protocols profiles available Bluetooth site. 7.5.8 Test Reports test report required Category test cases. report necessary demonstrate evidence test results justify that interoperability conformance requirements fulfilled.
Certification
formal certification performed BQB. lists product Bluetooth site qualified product (Qualified Products List).
Market-Specific Requirements
enter target markets, certification regulatory regimes those target markets must fulfilled. Compliance with applicable radio, EMC, product safety standards, including where appropriate, will required gain necessary approvals. product also provides connection national public switched telephone network (PSTN), then applicable requirements approvals wired interface must obtained.
Regulatory Requirements
regulatory requirements divided into main markets Europe). good strategy cover these markets approval platform these approvals entrance into other markets, because large number countries worldwide accept European approvals basis their national approvals. Bluetooth end-products, regulatory requirements include: (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Product Safety (Radio Frequency) Spectrum (Specific Absorption Ratio) 8.1.1 Components Modules
regulatory requirements end-product requirements. component, example chip module, subject testing used final product approval such product safety tests. However, component 7.5.7 Implementation Conformance Statement shall constructed meet final product requirements evaluate particular implementation, necessary components intended use. example, Bluehave statement capabilities profiles which have tooth module cannot subject final product approval, been implemented specific product. This statement shall subject authority required requirecalled Implementation Conformance Statement (ICS). ments (FCC/CE) demonstrate fundamental compliance Member prepares that type component. BQTF.
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8.1.2 European Market Regulations European community directives marking requirements) require manufacturer generate (Technical Construction File) including: Manufacturers name, address, contact person Design documents components list Product specification Product description relevant test reports according directive requirements User's manual Supplier's Declaration Conformity Supplier's Declaration Conformity (SDOC) document which manufacturer ensures compliance with relevant directive(s). document shall signed person with sole responsibility product's market entrance.
8.1.4 Market Regulations Authorities regulate market entrance, third-party testing through recognized test facility required. specific authority will sample test reports certifications will issued. National Semiconductor will receive copies test reports certificates. Copies test reports certificates each product shall sampled binder placed "approval safety lock". 8.1.5 Market Standards (Federal Communications Commission) regulates EMC, SAR, radio-frequency spectrum requirements. Product safety requirements based (National Electrical Code). electrical products shall listed NRTL (National Recognized Test Laboratory) appointed OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Administration).
together with SDOC compulsory Applicable standards Bluetooth products are: mark essential self-declaration route within Part 15-Emission requirements radio European Union. CE-mark manufacturer's decfrequency devices laration that product complies with relevant ECCFR Part 15.247-RF requirements radio directives, SDOC basis frequency devices (Bluetooth) marking. Bulletins 65-Evaluating human exposure, Technical Construction File each product shall supplement mobile portable devices sampled binder placed "approval safety lock". Part 2.1091-Mobile device exclusions, time averaging considerations 8.1.3 European Product Standards 60950-1-Safety information technology equipThe 1999/5/EC radio equipment/telecommunications termiment including electrical business equipment. equipment directive establishes regulatory framework market entry, free movement, operational tests required depend system being evaluated, radio equipment telecommunications terminal example mobile phone DECT phone. equipment. This directive came into force April 2000. case Bluetooth radio tests required below. general requirement that product shall conform More details found under part 15.247 which directive. manufacturer either verify gives complete listing together with test equipment setproduct itself competent body. Relevant harmo- tings, device settings, test limits. nized standards with reference numbers published official journal European Communities used Table Test Case Summary show compliance with R&TTE-directive. Compliance with relevant parts R&TTE-directive prerequisite marking. relevant parts products (Bluetooth, GSM) concern EMC, product safety, SAR, requirements. Applicable European standards Bluetooth products are: 60950-1-Safety information technology equipment including electrical business equipment. ETSI 489-17-Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard wideband transmission systems Hiperlan. ETSI 328-1-Radio equipment systems (RES), Wideband transmission systems. Technical characteristics test conditions data transmission equipment operating band spread spectrum modulation. 50360-Product standard demonstrate compliance mobile phones with basic restrictions related human exposure electromagnetic fields (300 MHz-3 GHz). Test Case Peak Power Bandwidth Description Ensure device transmitting below specified limit. Ensure that device transmit spectrum (spectral mask) within specified limits.
Carrier Frequency Bluetooth, center-to-center Separation distance between channels MHz. Number Hopping Bluetooth typically separate Frequencies channels between 2.400 2.483 GHz. Time Occupancy make sure that power evenly (Dwell time) distributed across band. Band Edge Compliance Power Spectral Density Check power spill-over into neighboring bands. Spectral density implies average power given band.
Conducted Ensure device transmitting Radiated Spurious above specified amount power into other bands. Emissions
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tests Simply Blue devices, files have been prepared radio test modes. file Simply Blue SBC_FCC.dir, shown Figure file devices HCI_FCC.dir, shown Figure
Figure HCI_FCC.dir File Contents
Figure SBC_FCC.dir File Contents
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Generic Regulatory Approval Process
Figure shows generic product regulatory approval product safety, testing parts overall regprocess, divided into preparation, test execution, main- ulatory approval product. tenance phases. process shall used EMC,
Product
Preparation Product Review: estimate requirements, time, cost, resources. Estimate rough time-schedule, initiate early contact with test facility pre-booking. Write approval plan requirements specification.
Test Execution
Maintenance
Filing approval binders markets. Execute final internal external tests. Product Updates System support during external tests. Review design retest. Change/revision approved product.
Support design work perform design reviews. Perform internal external pretests trace sources noncompliance. Prepare relevant approval documents required different approvals. Prepare EUT/EUTs with relevant test modes software req'd different standards.
Administrative support during external tests.
changes affect current approval? Retest.
Compliant? Test completion with approved results received.
Approved filed.
effect approval.
Condition product release fulfilled.
revision information document possible retesting report shall filed approval binder each market.
Figure Regulatory Approval Process
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Preparation Phase
preparation phase performed when essential information about product been specified. following tasks included preparation phase: Review product design estimate time, costs, resources, other requirements, approval. Establish soon possible rough time-schedule that early contact with suitable external test facility initiated prebooking testing time. Write approval plan/requirement specification with references every applicable requirement/standard applicable product. Support design work eliminate remarks before final test. necessary, perform design reviews. Make sure that person responsible approval will invited design reviews. Perform internal external pretests trace sources non-compliance against applicable standards approval plan. Make sure that relevant approval documentation such schematic diagrams, users manual, product description, marking, etc. required different approvals prepared. Allocate resources (hardware personnel) needed during test execution phase.
10.0 Regulatory Test Cases
10.1 Test Cases
Regulatory tests those required ensure safety user from electronic equipment compatibility with other electronic equipment operating within same vicinity. regulations vary depending country which equipment being used. example, regulations govern European market, regulations govern United States. addition this, equipment have tested which places maximum limit absorption radiation human body equipment that worn, such headsets. testing unwanted spurious emissions tolerance emissions from other sources requirement. testing ensures that equipment operating within certain voltage range (especially line) meets approved safety requirements user meets single European market requirements. Taking example, requires that electronic equipment pass approval tests. also regulates radio spectrum fulfill communications needs businesses, local state governments, public safety service providers, aircraft ship operators, individuals. tests required depend system being evaluated, example mobile phone DECT phone. case Bluetooth radio tests required shown below. More details found under part 15.247 which gives complete list together with test equipment settings, settings, test limits. majority these tests performed with spectrum analyzer. 10.1.1 Peak Power transmitter power must below specified limit. power transmitted above this limit will interfere with other equipment operating within same band. This conducted measurement made using spectrum analyzer with specified settings nominal extreme temperature voltage. test limit dBm. 10.1.2 Bandwidth transmitter spectrum (its spectral mask) must within specified limits. spectral mask that violates these limits will cause excess interference other equipment operating neighboring channels. This test made using spectrum analyzer with specified settings nominal extreme conditions (voltage temperature). test limit <1500 kHz.
Test Execution Phase
final test execution phase take place when product reached pre-serial status product version final/intended market entrance. final tests performed internally third-party test facility, depending requirement scope specific tests. Execute final tests. Provide external test facility with system support during tests avoid delays. Support external test facility with administrative support terms specifications, pictures etc. avoid delays. non-compliance occurs, solve during test phase avoid remarks associated with time delays/retests/more costs. remarks possible solve when test occurs, make sure that prompt action taken solve remark soon possible test time booked with test facility re-test.
Maintenance Phase
When test execution phase completed test reports approval documents have been received, 10.1.3 Carrier Frequency Separation evidence shall sampled separately European Bluetooth, separation between channels typically markets. MHz, requires that separation greater than bandwidth ensure that total power spectral density across whole band below limit. test performed nominal conditions. 10.1.4 Number Hopping Frequencies Bluetooth typically channels between 2.400 2.483 GHz. requires that hops between least channels make sure power band spread equally under normal hopping conditions.
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10.1.5 Time Occupancy (Dwell Time) Again, make sure that power evenly distributed across band, maximum time allowed specific channel during 30-second period seconds. This test required only under nominal conditions. 10.1.6 Band Edge Compliance This same procedure bandwidth test, applied extreme high channels. required make sure does transmit higher than allowed power outside Bluetooth band, where interfere with other electronic equipment operating neighboring bands. Test limit nominal operating conditions only. 10.1.7 Power Spectral Density Spectral density implies average power given bandwidth. test performed using spectrum analyzer look narrow region single-frequency carrier averaged using slow sweep rate. Test limit peak. 10.1.8 Spurious Conducted Radiated Emissions
receive mode which maximum limit between 12.75
10.3 Medical Device Directive
devices that intended medical use, example measuring devices that transmit medical data Bluetooth example. These require special medical approval testing addition test-cases already described. Medical Devices Safety Service (MDSS) provides guidelines manufacturers devices that intended medical and/or multi-purpose devices that could used medical purposes. These guidelines ensure compatibility with other medical devices safety patients. MDSS specialises European regulatory affairs authorised representative, details found under http://www.mdss.com/ 10.3.1 Definition medical device There types medical device, first wholly medical purposes such specialist equipment seen most hospitals, example lung capacity meter monitoring meter that used other purpose than medical. second multi-purpose device that used medical environment wholly intended that purpose, example
must transmit above specified power level into other bands. This lead interference with other electronic devices operating unrelated frequencies. spectrum analyzer must operate GHz, first type must comply with medical requireunwanted emission from above allowed ments, however second type have since this grey area that must judged individual basis. between GHz. Most medical facilities outlaw non-compliant 10.2 Test Cases equipment their premises such mobile phones that Like United States, applies European cause interference. market, function much same. requirements produced response mandate from European Commission issued under Council Directive Measuring devices further more shall meet following 98/34/EC listed detail ETSI 328. requirements down directive; Below summary technical requirements. Unlike testing, which must performed thrid party, device intended manufacturer measure allows self-certification, meaning that Member perquantitatively physiological anatomical parameter, form testing in-house guarantee that specifications quantity qualifiable characteristic energy subare met. This provides lower cost certification process, stances delivered removed from human body. only products within European Union. 10.2.1 EIRP Defined total radiated power from transmitter directions antenna assembly shall equal less than 10.2.2 Maximum Spectral Power Density Defined highest power level watts/hertz generated transmitter within modulation power envelope. Limted EIRP. 10.2.3 Frequency Range result measurement displayed legal units other acceptable units within meaning directive compared least point reference indicated legal units other acceptable units compliance with pre-mentioned directive. intended purpose implies accuracy, claimed explicitly implicitly, where non-compliance with implied accuracy could result significant adverse effect patient's health safety
Determined highest lowest frequencies which power drops dBm/100 bandwidth, 10.3.2 Requirements where 2.4835 2.4000 GHz. standard 60601-1-2 applied harmonised standard EMC. allow common approach 10.2.4 Transmitter Surious Emissions already existing standards, following recommendations Measured between 12.75 GHz. maximum made; allowed limit varies with frequency band generally during operation during standby. Radio frequency emissions 10.2.5 Receiver Spurious Emissions Classification according 55011 into class These have stricter limit than transmitter spurious made manufacturer, based intended because receiver designed transmit power equipment fact, that even within hospitals there all. They measured with constant areas quite different electromagnetic environment.
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general, equipment will class equipment intended home use, class High frequency surgical equipment Testing according 55011, class group operation condition device according 60601-2-2. frequency emission tests required agree necessity this test). Electrostatic discharge Testing specified according 61000-4-2 with respectively. Radiated radio frequency fields Testing according 61000-4-3, level V/m) Bursts Testing specified according 61000-4-4.
Surges Testing specified according 61000-4-5 Voltage dips, short interruptions voltage variations power supply input lines Testing according 61000-4-11 Conducted disturbances, induced radio frequency fields Testing according 1000-4-6 Note// Details standards quoted here found under;
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11.0 Bluetooth Qualification Test Cases
These tests, unlike FCC-mandated tests, required law, nevertheless mandatory Bluetooth equipment. There separate tests which ensure meets standards forth Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB) ensuring interoperability with other Bluetooth equipment. Bluetooth Qualification testing, however, specifically designed meet standards forth Bluetooth SIG, which governs these standards requires devices meet these standards official listing Bluetooth compliant. tests listed Table complete description found under ETSI specification, document number 20.B.353. Table Bluetooth Qualification Test Cases Transmitter Output Power Power Density Power Control Frequency Range Bandwidth Adjacent Channel Power Modulation Characteristics Initial Carrier Frequency Carrier Drift Spurious Emissions (out-of-band) Receiver Sensitivity Performance Blocking Performance Intermodulation Performance Maximum Input Level
11.5 Frequency Range
must able transmit receive over full band that allocated, 2.4000 2.4835 GHz.
11.6 Bandwidth
This same test procedure bandwidth test, however spectrum analyzer settings slightly different. spectral mask modulation must less than 1000 kHz.
11.7 Adjacent Channel Power
This test serves function similar 20dB bandwidth test. ensures that output power from channel falling onto second third adjacent channels below specified limits, that will interfere with other Bluetooth devices operating these channels. Test limits second adjacent channels third adjacent channels.
11.8 Modulation Characteristics
There detailed procedure ensure that frequency deviation modulation lies within specified limits different patterns. However, tester will measure calculate values. Using 11110000 pattern, tester measures average deviation logs this F1AVERAGE. addition, there minimum deviation required which recorded F2MAX. Using 1010 pattern, tester determines average deviation F2AVERAGE. ratio between F1AVERAGE F2AVERAGE must >0.8, F1AVERAGE must between deviation, F2MAX must >115 99.9% packets measured.
11.9 Initial Carrier Frequency
Each Bluetooth channel center frequency. TX/RX frequency after settled must within this frequency ensure interoperability with other Bluetooth devices.
11.1 Output Power
Bluetooth devices classified into three categories based output power: Class which must transmit below dBm, between dBm, below respectively. LMX5252, example, Class radio with typical output power dBm.
11.10 Carrier Drift
Once locked, must drift during TX/RX bursts. maximum drift drift rate allowed depend size packets. packets, drift must kHz. packets, drift must kHz. drift rate must anywhere packet.
11.2 Power Density
With hopping enabled, this measurement made with spectrum analyzer determine amount power 11.11 Spurious Emissions within band operation. Test limit <100 This test serves same purpose corresponding kHz. tests ensure that there unwanted emissions frequency 12.75 that interfere with 11.3 Power Control other electronic equipment. Table taken from ETSI This test only requirement Class devices. 20.B.353, shows limits. Class this optional. Class must have Table Spurious Emission Limits power control capability with output power from step sizes between dBm. This Frequency Limit While Limit improves frequency re-use area such that power Range Operating Standby Mode decreased minimize interference with other users MHz-1 increased improve range.
11.4 Transmit Output Spectrum
There three tests that govern transmitter output spectrum, these ensure transmits over full frequency range allocated that spectral mask does violate given limits causing interference neighboring channels.
GHz-12.75 GHz-1.9 5.15 GHz-5.3
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11.12 Sensitivity
must able maintain link with 0.1% less than power entering receiver front end. input power where equal 0.1% sensitivity DUT. sensitivity measured single multi-slot packets, using same specification.
11.13.1 Blocking Performance This similar tests, except interfering signal outside Bluetooth band operation. Sometimes external bandpass filter required pass this test. LMX5252, preferable have front-end ceramic filter meet these requirements. Review Bluetooth Antenna Design application note further information. Table Blocking Performance Interfering Signal Frequency MHz-2 GHz-2.4 GHz-3 GHz-12.7 Interfering Signal Power Level
11.13 Performance
receiver must able work presence unwanted interfering signals either same frequency desired signal very close This ability tolerate interference measured relative carrier level ratio. further interfering signal from carrier, lower ratio becomes, which specified accordingly. Table Interference Tolerance Interferer Frequency Co-Channel Interference (C/ICo-Channel) Adjacent MHz) Interference (C/I1 MHz) Adjacent MHz) Interference (C/I2 MHz) Adjacent MHz) Interference (C/I>3 MHz) Image Frequency Interference (C/IImage) Ratio Wanted Signal Level P[dB] Reference Sensitivity
11.13.2 Intermodulation Performance interfering signals entering receiver will produce intermodulation product inherent non-linearity. frequency interfering signals such that product falls same frequency LMX5252), then cannot filtered will cause serious performance degradation. receiver must able maintain least 0.1% wanted level when interference signals dBm. 11.13.3 Maximum Input Level This opposite sensitivity specification, which increases very small signal entering receiver. This very large signal resulting frontend saturation. receiver must able maintain 0.1% less input level. difference between maximum input level sensitivity called dynamic range useful range operation.
Adjacent MHz) Interference In-Band Mirror Frequency (C/I1 MHz)
Table shows limits Bluetooth specification. Bluetooth specification limits co-channel, first adjacent channel, image channel interference that relaxed compared Bluetooth 1.2.
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12.0 Preparing Radio Certification
temperature tests performed, such output power, sensitivity, transmit spectrum, spurious emissions that most critical overall device quality. Statistical analysis Once electrical design complete, must results should show normal distribution device tested against Bluetooth parameters described component tolerance. From this, least three "golden previous sections. full description units" should picked that pass these parameters equipment setup found under part 15.247, wide margin. case LMX5252, results ETSI 328, ETSI Bluetooth specification should comparable device performance ref20.B.353, this application note will provide broad erence PCB, i.e. power dBm, sensitivity dBm, description what required. Normally, precertified bandwidth around kHz, spurious emissions component will used, such LMX5252 radio chip below specification. three devices cannot found LMX9820A module, however performance with this level performance, then design needs entire (especially case radio) will just reviewed possibly redesigned. However, three depend performance chip module mea- devices once selected ready more extensive sured their corresponding reference boards. will also measurements. depend factors such layout, power supply noise, external passive components, crystal oscillator 12.1 Equipment Setup Data Collection noise stability. Therefore, performance Figure below shows typical equipment setup preas whole considerably different from that compliance measurements. placed enviindividual components. pass certifica- ronmental chamber where temperature tion tests, important that designed following precisely adjusted connected bench power supply recommended guidelines given device manufacturer control enabling test mode. power that tested over specified temperature range cable runs power splitter where split much detail possible before submission BQTF. going Bluetooth communications tester, spectrum Selecting submission BQTF depends analyzer, signal generators. test equipment results such pre-compliance tests. Initially, random apart from power supply connected sample more units should chosen room through GPIB such that Matlab Labview
Power Supply
Bluetooth Communications Tester
Environmental Chamber Device Under Test Power Splitter
Spectrum Analyzer
Signal Generator
Signal Generator
Control
Figure Measurement Setup
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12.2 Suggested Equipment
Table shows equipment recommended test setup. Table Equipment Recommendations Equipment Environmental Chamber Bluetooth Test Signal Generators Recommended Unit Capable automotive temperature range MT8852A from Anritsu SMIQ03B from Rohde Schwartz, from
12.4 Other Preparations
should also have additional features that make easier BQTF evaluate. 12.4.1 Test Mode Software Test mode enables Bluetooth test set, like TS8960 used BQTF, make link with control slave mode. should easy enable this test mode also reliable. Ideally, submitted should power test mode that external commands required all. This provides simplest solution. 12.4.2 Test Signals
test mode, should also possible enable range test signals without need making link with Power Supply stable bench power supply, Bluetooth test set. example, transmitter powered with various test patterns (1010, 11110000, pseudorannoise dom), using with DH1, DH3, packet types. This will Power Splitter 4-way, splitter/combiner from make measurement output spectrum, spurious emisMini-Circuits sions, power simpler faster. There also test majority test cases performed using case that only uses receiver, with transmitter spectrum analyzer. also useful monitor link turned off. should therefore possible power between Bluetooth test DUT. However, receiver only, different channels. most qualification test cases will made with 12.4.3 Output Connector Bluetooth test set, except transmit output spectrum spurious emissions that made with spectrum ana- connector used making conducted measurelyzer. signal generators used C/I, blocking ments should female type, because most BQTFs male connectors hooking DUT. intermodulation tests together with Bluetooth test set. connector used because normally antenna results should logged along with screen captures would mounted, then should possible remove from spectrum analyzer that they used antenna solder semi-rigid cable reference when submitted certification. antenna input. Although very time consuming make full certification tests, cut-down version major test cases 12.4.4 Description should made much detail allowed project Along with prepared described, description schedules that potential problem areas detected should submitted BQTF. Most will have this stage. Using software such Matlab Lab- their documentation that needs completing cliview speeds test times automatically logs results. ent. important specify precertified parts such LMX9820A that (Bluetooth Qualification 12.3 Golden Unit Selection Body) assess whether certification test cases Once measurements complete possible, required. Normally, reduced testing program units should selected which qualification used, which saves time money. test cases were passed wide margin. These "golden units" that submitted BQTF. golden units found because some parameters consistently failing, necessary back design stage re-examine problem. Ideally, three golden units should selected.
Spectrum Analyzer FSEM from Rohde Schwartz, from 26.5
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13.0 Prequalified Components Modules
products which contain Bluetooth technology must qualified. This required obtain license intellectual property used implement Bluetooth devices. However, rules regarding qualification allow preapproved components modules ease eliminate qualification burden. Bluetooth modules reference designs available number different formats, which broadly categorized described following sections.
13.4 Baseband Processor, Chip Type
baseband integrated circuit qualification including software seen prequalified component Part (BB, when integrated product. Limited testing required baseband timing other physical baseband test cases.
13.5 Reference Designs Modules
module will sold end-product manufacturers complete implementation with defined interfaces power input, buffered data, antenna, reference oscillator, etc.). Normally, additional external shielding would required passing test cases. complete TRC/CA/01/C (out-of-band spurious emission under normal conditions) always required. When integrating pretested module into product, conformance implications result from design changes relative reference design tested. general, external oscillator, external antenna, host power supply regulator added, out-of-band spurious emission measurement sufficient, preconditions such temperature range product within range pretested module.
13.1 Serial Module, Product Type
Qualified finished "end product". These modules must contain complete Bluetooth stack, least Bluetooth profile implementation, oscillator, non-removable antenna. They used product without further Bluetooth qualification. Note: regulatory tests still have considered. Government regulatory approval part Bluetooth qualification.
13.2 Bluetooth Module, Component Type
Qualified component. Although these modules contain protocol stack, profiles, antenna, they have full product qualification. Products using them must, minimum, pass interoperability profile qualification.
13.6 Examples
LMX5252 radio transceiver platforms, full regulatory testing required. However, more integrated prequalified solutions such LMX9820A LMX5452, omissions made (see Table There certain omissions part tests), most notable omissions part tests).
13.3 Integrated Circuits, Chip Type
integrated circuit qualification covers only chip itself, implemented reference design. manufacturer offers integrated circuit other manufacturers. behavior affected external components implementation (oscillator, VCO, PLL, material, baluns, capacitors, etc.). chip considered pretested part (RF) covered functionality. Full part testing required when preparing list Bluetooth product that uses such component.
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13.7 Summary Test Requirements
Part Table based BTAB official guideline version 1.03 "Guideline integrate components including functionality".
table means activity/retest required. empty means activity/retest required. means applicable.
Table Testing Requirements Prequalified Components
Bluetooth Requirements (Bluetooth Core Specification) Integrating Prequalified Baseband Components Product (Bluetooth Qualification Including Compliance)
Integrating Prequalified Component Product (Bluetooth Qualification Including Compliance)
System Conformance/Bluetooth Specification
Test Cases Requirements
Module with Internal Module Module Oscillator with with Internal Internal External Module Module Oscillator Antenna with with Internal Oscillator Internal External Oscillator Antenna External Oscillator (Complete Antenna External Bluetooth Internal (Complete Antenna Antenna Module Bluetooth Without (e.g. Module) TemperaLMX9820A) ture Profile)
Chips Package with External Oscillator External Antenna (e.g. LMX5452)
Chip (e.g. LMX5252)
Baseband Processor Chip (e.g. Platforms)
Part (RF)
TRM/CA/01/C TRM/CA/02/C TRM/CA/03/C TRM/CA/04/C TRM/CA/05/C TRM/CA/06/C TRM/CA/07/C TRM/CA/08/C TRM/CA/09/C TRC/CA/01/C (Conducted) TRC/CA/01/C (Radiated) RCV/CA/01/C RCV/CA/02/C RCV/CA/03/C RCV/CA/04/C RCV/CA/05/C RCV/CA/06/C
n.a.
Part (BB) Part (LM) Listing Approval Administratio Process
Complete Part TP/PHYS/TRX/ BV-05-C Complete Part Compliance Folder Created Apply Bluetooth Qualification
n.a. n.a.
Whether retest cases Table shall performed extreme conditions (temperature voltage) determined BQB. absence temperature profile test report documentation placement module product, reliable correlation between temperatures
product integrated module known. Therefore, impossible demonstrate compliance with specification without testing product. this case, column module without temperature profile" shall apply.
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13.8 Software Stack
software stack used product (current profiles) together with integrated hardware tested separately, limited number test cases (GAP tests) have performed verify interoperability between hardware software stack.
14.0 Regulatory Implementation Guide
Components module chip) required pass regulatory tests such EMC, safety, that apply products. However, Bluetooth component will subject parts FCC/ETSI requirements, which referenced Bluetooth specification. Components must designed meet FCC/ETSI regulatory requirements ensure that products based these components will pass Bluetooth qualification gain regulatory approval.
13.9 BQTF Required Test Cases
Note: test cases category Category means that test cases have performed third party BQTF (Bluetooth Qualified Test Facility) achieve approval from BQB.
13.10 Bluetooth "Own Branding"
Manufacturers allowed relabel qualified products under following conditions: manufacturer relabeling branding, with original manufacturers approval, must Member Bluetooth SIG. product accompanying literature must clearly show print original Qualified Product Listing reference. Table Standards Applicable Components Products Product Module (USB, CompactRF/Baseband Flash, etc.) Chip (Component intended product) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (Contains Module RF/Baseband Chip)
Regulatory Conformance Sub-Areas
Regulatory/EU Market (CE) Requirements
Regulatory/US Market Requirements
Spectrum Requirements Requirements Safety Requirements Requirements
ETSI 328-1 ETSI 489-1 ETSI 489-17 60950-1 50360
47/FCC part 15.247 47/FCC part 60950-1 bulletin 47/FCC part 2.1091
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15.0 Regulatory Activities Module Product
Product Safety requirements according standards Table Minor test activities (90% safety requirements applicable this type product). requirements according standards Table this type power transmitter, testing required, only evidence form calculations proving that below allowed limit. requirements according standards Table testing concerns immunity parts (ESD radiated disturbance). These requirements only applicable market (CE). market, only emission requirements apply, which already included Bluetooth system requirements. requirements according standards Table relevant testing already performed within Bluetooth qualification referenced both markets. (The only exception radiated out-of-band spurious emission.) administrative route (self-declaration route) Create (Technical Construction File) including test reports, certificates, technical documentation manufacturer declaration conformity. This basis CE-marking. mark required within member countries manufacturers declaration product that fulfills relevant directives. administrative route Third-party certification required EMC, (FCC), safety (UL). Product marking required (FCC UL).
16.0 Potential Pitfalls
Being unprepared Bluetooth certification leads project delays costs time money. Time wasted BQTF potentially very expensive! Some difficulties encountered Bluetooth application manufacturers listed here. Using precertified part such LMX9820A provide benefits reducing test time qualification, however care must taken, because mounting device design will change performance factors such power supply noise, crystal stability, external component tolerance, etc. Therefore, important evaluate module part final design make certain that parameters within specification. important reserve time schedule between precompliance testing time booked with BQTF, handle design issues that encountered. preparation testing before certification evaluation stage, this stage extra layout revision required state which golden units selected. Otherwise, time wasted BQTF will even more costly long run. Making complex also lead unnecessary delays. example complicated procedure enabling test mode leave test engineer BQTF struggling make link DUT. During tests with TS8960, link frequently dropped, power cycled reset Ideally, should power test mode which makes procedure simpler faster. Even after golden unit selection made, detailed precompliance evaluation complete, results report shows parameters passing with margin, still fail BQTF! This because TS8960 used BQTFs worldwide only conformance tester that approved BQRB, while smaller test sets used Bluetooth equipment manufacturers their labs approved. There three types testers commonly available: MT8852A from Anritsu, CMU200 from Rohde Schwartz, E1852A from Agilent Technologies. three differ slightly from each other when comes making accurate measurements, more importantly they differ slightly from TS8960. Therefore, important make visit selected BQTF with reference unit correlate results with those obtained using TS8960. This will increase confidence that golden unit will pass certification without unnecessary surprises. Figure below shows these conformance testers Berlin.
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Figure TS8960 Conformance Tester
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17.0 Sample Product Qualification Certification
Bluetooth qualification regulatory certification process products differ depending both module's integration type product into which module will integrated. comparison tables below show differences between LMX5452 LMX9820A implementations only referring required test cases. Higher profile stack integration LMX9820A compared LMX5452 considered.
Table Qualification Certification Requirements LMX5452-Based Products Product Configuration Bluetooth Qualification Regulatory Requirements Because LMX5452 Bluetooth qualified, both regulatory parts including radiated emission covered. subject immunity tests (ETSI).
LMX5452 used prequalified This case shows complete qualified dongle reference design with integrated Bluetooth product including oscillator. oscillator antenna. customer should able reuse National Semiconductor's qualification completely. customer either "own branding" route qualify product. qualification this case should only paperwork. LMX5452 built-in laptop computer. This case shows qualified Bluetooth product excluding integrated oscillator. this case customer qualify complete product. large number test cases must performed.
When integrating Bluetooth module into product, part must considered. this case, both radiated emission (FCC ETSI) radiated disturbance (ETSI) must tested laptop.
Table Qualification Certification Requirements LMX9820A-Based Products Product Configuration LMX9820A used prequalified UART serial port dongle reference design with integrated oscillator antenna. Bluetooth Qualification This case shows complete qualified Bluetooth product including oscillator. customer should able reuse National Semiconductor's qualification completely. customer either "own branding" route qualify product. qualification this case should only paperwork. This case shows qualified Bluetooth product excluding integrated oscillator. this case customer qualify complete product. large number test cases must performed. Regulatory Requirements Because LMX9820A Bluetooth qualified, both regulatory parts including radiated emission covered. subject immunity tests (ETSI).
LMX9820A built-in sensor.
When integrating Bluetooth module into product, part must considered. this case, both radiated emission (FCC ETSI) radiated disturbance (ETSI) must tested sensor.
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18.0 Frequently Asked Questions
following questions that frequently asked application manufacturers want have Bluetooth functionality within their product want certified. following layout recommendations from radio chip manufacturer radio already precertified tested, then necessary make detailed pre-compliance checks final application? This adds delay project! Yes, final design must checked much detail possible. Even when closely following radio chip vendor's layout guidelines, there could still major deviations behavior trace component parasitics. Time spent this stage project will save much more time future unforeseen issues that arise. Should present BQTF during testing? Although required, good idea issues arise during testing. engineer familiar with correct issue much faster than test engineer working BQTF. Otherwise, have returned client with incomplete measurements, which adds unnecessary delay. Should manufactured parts production golden units? certain parts failing certain parameters, should they discarded?
Ideally manufactured parts should like golden units pass parameters with margin. reality, this very difficult accomplish, unnecessary long manufactured parts functional meet desired Should always golden unit qualification, quality requirement. This quality requirement determined pick functioning part from production line sub- application manufacturer, chip module manufacturer. Always parts that have passed precompliance tests. These referred "golden units" selected specifically certification. Though randomly picked part from production line pass test cases, unknown quantity, issues arise, there reference measurements rely many golden units should submitted BQTF? three units should submitted BQTF, with connectors conducted measurements with original antenna making radiated measurements. Testing BQTF will facilitated they have many units select from tests carried parallel. Also, unit fails, backup unit immediately available. test cases have pass single DUT? separate DUTs used needed. example, irreparably damaged during testing, results obtained with have discarded. What's difference between Bluetooth Specification version terms measurements required? There note version that relaxes requirement. Co-channel interference rather than first adjacent channel interference rather than image channel interference rather than therefore easier meet version than 1.2. Other than these, specifications same. However, even version 1.1, relaxed specifications only temporary.
19.0 Bluetooth Qualification Test Facilities
full list approved BQTFs found Bluetooth qualification program website http://qualweb.bluetooth.org/. BQRB defines BQTF
Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) formally recognized BQRB competent perform those Bluetooth qualification conformance tests identified possible combine results from different BQTFs? "Category Test Case Reference List (See webYes. BQTF approved BQRB, then site). definitive description BQTF role approved test center Bluetooth certification their Bluetooth Qualification Program Reference Document conformance tester been correctly calibrated. pos- (PRD) section 4.3.3. Members contract directly with sible make some qualification measurements BQTF testing services. BQTF also offer additional center remainder other. Results from Bluetooth testing services. both will complied into report before being submitThe scope BQTFs recognition covers both approval BQB. following areas competence: Radio conformance testing, covering baseband, physical test specifications. Protocol Profile conformance testing, covering Baseband, Link Manager, L2CAP, profile conformance test specifications.
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Bluetooth Certification Guide
There BQTFs worldwide. Table lists that have been used National Semiconductor customers. Table BQTF Contact Information Name Genz GmbH Address Storkower Strasse Reichenwalde Germany D-15526 15800 Rivera Lorenzo, 94580 5607-2 Nakamuroda Haruna-Machi Gunma-Gun Gunma Japan 370-3347 PTA, c/Severo Ochoa Campanillas Spain 29590 9361 Irvine Blvd Irvine, 92618 Borsigstr. Ratingen Germany 40880 Phone Number 33631
HYPER Taiwan Technology, Inc.
(510) 7179
Taiyo Yuden
81-27 (360) 8328
Centro Comunicaciones S.A. (CETECOM)
+34-952-61-91-23
layers, Inc.
(949) 6512 ext.
layers
2102
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Bluetooth® Certification Guide National Semiconductor Application

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