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Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2004
rights reserved. Reproduction whole part prohibited without prior written consent copyright owner. information presented this document does form part quotation contract, believed accurate reliable changed without notice. liability will accepted publisher consequence use. Publication thereof does convey imply license under patent- other industrial intellectual property rights. Date release:
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Content appendix:
Application notes: Appendix BGA2715-17 general purpose wideband amplifier, Gain Blocks BGA6x89 general purpose medium power amplifier, Gain Blocks Introduction into Front-End
page:
Appendix
page: page:
Appendix
Reference work: Appendix Appendix Appendix 2.4GHz Generic Front-End reference design Application-basics Design-basics
page: page: page:
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Appendix BGA2715-17 general purpose wideband amplifiers, Gain Blocks
APPLICATION INFORMATION BGA2715-17
Figure shows typical application circuit BGA2715-17 MMIC. device internally matched therefore does need external matching. value input output blocking capacitors should more than applications above MHz. However, when device operated below MHz, capacitor value should increased. supply decoupling capacitor should located close possible MMIC. ground plane, connected pins must close possible MMIC, preferably also below MMIC. When using holes, multiple holes, close possible MMIC.
Application examples
input GND1 GND2 output
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Mixer from circuit wideband amplifier circuit demodulator
Oscillator
MMIC very suitable amplifier e.g. LNB's. exellent wideband characteristics make easy building block.
Mixer antenna wideband amplifier circuit demodulator
Oscillator
second amplifier after LNA, MMIC offers easy matching, noise solution.
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MMIC wideband amplifier
FEATURES FEATURES Internally matched Ohms Wide frequency range, bandwidth Flat gain, output power compression point Good linearity current, OIP3 second harmonic, PDrive Unconditionally stable, APPLICATIONS amplifiers Cable systems General purpose DESCRIPTION Silicon Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) wideband amplifier with internal matching circuit 6-pin SOT363 plastic package.
BGA2715
PINNING DESCRIPTION
view
Marking code:
Fig.1 Simplified outline (SOT363) symbol.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL |S21|2 PARAMETER supply voltage supply current insertion power gain noise figure saturated load power CONDITIONS TYP. MAX. UNIT
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MMIC wideband amplifier
FEATURES FEATURES Internally matched Ohms Wide frequency range, bandwidth Flat gain, output power compression point Good linearity current, OIP3 second harmonic, PLoad Unconditionally stable, APPLICATIONS amplifiers Cable systems General purpose DESCRIPTION Silicon Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) wideband amplifier with internal matching circuit 6-pin SOT363 plastic package.
PINNING
BGA2716
DESCRIPTION
view
Marking code:
Fig.1 Simplified outline (SOT363) symbol.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL |S21|2 PARAMETER supply voltage supply current insertion power gain noise figure saturated load power CONDITIONS TYP. 15.9 22.9 11.6 MAX. UNIT
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MMIC wideband amplifier
FEATURES FEATURES Internally matched Ohms Wide frequency range, bandwidth Flat gain, -2.5 output power compression point Good linearity current, OIP3 second harmonic, PDrive noise figure, GHz. Unconditionally stable, APPLICATIONS amplifiers Cable systems General purpose DESCRIPTION Silicon Monolitic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) wideband amplifier with internal matching circuit 6-pin SOT363 plastic package.
PINNING
BGA2717
DESCRIPTION
view
Marking code:
Fig.1 Simplified outline (SOT363) symbol.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL |S21|2 PARAMETER supply voltage supply current insertion power gain noise figure saturated load power CONDITIONS TYP. MAX. UNIT
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Appendix BGA6x89 general purpose medium power ampl., Gain Blocks
Application note BGA6289
Application note BGA6289. (See also objective datasheet BGA6289)
Rbias microstrip microstrip
Figure Application circuit. DESCRIPTION COMPONENT Cout multilayer ceramic chip capacitor Capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor Lout inductor Vsupply Supply voltage Rbias resistor 0.5W
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VALUE
DIMENSIONS 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
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Table component values placed demo board. needed optimal supply decoupling Depending frequency operation values Cout changed (see table Frequency (MHz) 1950 2400 3500 Cout Lout Table component selection different frequencies. COMPONENT Vsupply depends Rbias used. Device voltage must approximately (i.e. device current 80mA). With formula possible operate device under different supply voltages. temperature raises device will draw more current, voltage drop over Rbias will increase device voltage decrease, this mechanism provides stability. Measured small signal performance.
Small signal performance BGA6289
20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00 -25.00 -30.00 [MHz] 500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB]
Figure Small signal performance. Measured large signal performance. 2500 IP3out PL1dB Table Large signal performance noise figure.
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Application note BGA6489
Application note BGA6489. (See also objective datasheet BGA6489)
Rbias microstrip microstrip
Figure Application circuit. DESCRIPTION VALUE COMPONENT Cout multilayer ceramic chip capacitor Capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor Lout inductor Vsupply Supply voltage Rbias resistor 0.5W Table component values placed demo board.
DIMENSIONS 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603
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needed optimal supply decoupling Depending frequency operation values Cout changed (see table Frequency (MHz) COMPONENT 1950 2400 3500 Cout Lout Table component selection different frequencies. Vsupply depends Rbias used. Device voltage must approximately (i.e. device current 80mA). With formula possible operate device under different supply voltages. temperature raises device will draw more current, voltage drop over Rbias will increase device voltage decrease, this mechanism provides stability. Measured small signal performance. Figure Small signal performance.
Small signal performance BGA6489
30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 -10.00 -20.00 -30.00 -40.00 [MHz]
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
Measured large signal performance. IP3out PL1dB
2500
Table Large signal performance noise figure.
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Application note BGA6589
Demo Board with medium power wide-band gainblock BGA6589. (See also objective datasheet BGA6589)
Rbias microstrip microstrip
Application circuit.
COMPONEN DESCRIPTION VALUE Cout multilayer ceramic chip capacitor Capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor multilayer ceramic chip capacitor inductor Vsupply Supply voltage Rbias resistor 0.5W Table component values placed demo board.
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DIMENSIONS 0603
0603 0603 0603 Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
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needed optimal supply decoupling Depending frequency operation values Cout changed (see table Frequency (MHz) COMPONENT 1950 2400 3500 Cout Lout Table component selection different frequencies. Vsupply depends Rbias used. Device voltage must approximately (i.e. device current 83mA). With formula possible operate device under different supply voltages. temperature raises device will draw more current, voltage drop over Rbias will increase device voltage decrease, this mechanism provides stability. Measured small signal performance.
Small signal performance BGA6589
30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 -10.00 -20.00 -30.00 -40.00 -50.00 [MHz]
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
Figure Small signal performance. Measured large signal performance. IP3out PL1dB
2500
Table Large signal performance noise figure.
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Appendix Introduction Front-End
shrinking mechanical dimensions attractive pricing semiconductors, applications very popular last years. navigation system based measuring evaluating signals transmitted satellites. There least active satellites necessary distance 20200km above Earth surface. sat's transmits their civil useable signal same time down user 1575.42MHz so-called microwave L-band. Each satellite have it's code (Coarse Acquisition)
Satellites 20020km from Earth surface
This satellite identifier code Pseudo Randomly appears like Noise frequency spectrum (=PRN code). carrier BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) modulated data code, navigation data message encrypted P(Y)-code. C/A's modulation, carrier DSSS modulated (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum modulation). This DSSS spreads former bandwidth signal satellite internal limited width 30MHz. receiver must know code each satellite selecting antennas kept spectrum. Because satellite selected data stream identification code, CDMA-System (Code Division Multiplex Access). This signal transmitted with enough power ensure minimum signal
carrier based system does
CDMA DSSS BPSK modulation
Available carrier frequencies Link carrier frequency 1575.42 Link carrier frequency 1227.6 Link carrier frequency 1381.05 Link carrier frequency 1379.913 Link carrier frequency 1176.45
U.S. navigation system originally started U.S. military 1979. will updated order supply carriers increasing civil performances together with standard carrier. uses BPSK modulation carrier and, beginning with launch modernized Block carrier. signal that will appear with Block satellites 2006 will have QPSK modulation (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying).
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performances overview actual next up-coming system:
Need second reference base station
Topic
Used Codes
Resolution Before 2000: 25100m Today 6-10m (resolution controlled 1-5m
Comments
Today basic positioning
Code
-Eliminates need costly DGPS many non-safety applications. max. distance reference 10km
Tomorrow basic positioning
Code Code Code Code Carrier Carrier Data Link Code Carrier Code Carrier Code Carrier Data Link
Today advance positioning
Tomorrow advanced positioning
max. distance reference 100km; faster recovery following signal interruption
spread spectrum modulated signals field strength very weak cause negative receiver input circuit caused Nyquist Noise determined Analog Front-End bandwidth: Satellite Channel Generation Loop peek -158.5dBW II/IIA/IIR -164.5dBW -158.5dBW IIR-M/IIF -160.0dBW
Competition Satellite based navigation systems:
2004 will start European navigation system EGNOS. News forecasted European system Galileo 2008. GLONASS Russian Navigation System. Comparison front-ends used GLONASS receiver: satellites same frequency 1575.42MHz, different codes, single frontend used. achieve better coverage accelerated operation, more than antenna used. this case, separate front-ends used. Using switches based Philips' PIN-diodes makes possible select antenna with best signal e.g. automotive applications operation city. Each GLONASS satellite will different carrier frequency range 1602.5625MHz 1615.5MHz, with 562.5KHz spacing, with same spreading code. normal method receiving these signals uses several parallel working front -ends, perhaps with common first mixer, certainly with different final local oscillators mixer.
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Application examples:
Marked Applications
Personal Navigations Railroads Recreation, walking-tour shore Drilling Satellite Ops. Ephemeris Timing Surveying Mapping Network Timing, Synchronization Fishing Boat Clocks Laptops Palms Mobiles Child safety navigation systems Fleet management systems Telecom Time reference High toll system First-Aid call mobiles
Marked Applications
Tracking Machine Control
rine ilitar
Survey Mapping
Consumer
References: Office Space Commercialization, United States Department Commerce U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Center Excellence NAVSTAR Global Positioning System NAVSTAR USER EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION Royal school Artillery, Basic science technology section, BST, gunnery careers courses, NAVSTAR Global Positioning System
Simplified block diagram typically receiver analog front-end
Typically, integrated double superheat-receiver technology used analog rail. under sampling analog digital converter (ADC) integrated analog front-end with resolution 2bit. under sampling, acts third mixer down converting into digital stream band. Behind this ADC, digital Baseband Processor located. Till this location, received satellite signals negative. Baseband Processor, digital signal parallel processed several correlators NAV-data code discriminators. During this processing, effective Nyquest Bandwidth shrink down Hertz, dispreading decoding signal made causing positive SNR. Because typically front-end designed high-integrated
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power relative noisy semiconductor process, there need external Low-Noise-Amplifier (LNA combined with band pass-filters. Because available chipsets market differ their electrically performances like, Gain, Noise Figure (NF), linearity sensitivity, therefore twostage discrete front-end amplifiers used. numbers filters front-end vary with needs applications target environment, costs sizes. processed number carriers well navigation accuracy does determine min. allowed bandwidth analog-front rail. Philips Semiconductors offer MMICs with internal matches input output (I/O) without internal matching. internal matched broadband MMICs typically need output inductor biasing decoupling capacitors amplifier I/O. internal non-matched devices need matching network typically made lumped circuits L-arrangement. This gives additionally selectivity. Another advantage this MMIC integrated temperature compensation contrast transistor. system, typically first amplifier's noise figure very important. E.g. BGU2003 SiGe MMIC offers both (NF+IP3) with good quality. It's made brother BGA2003 come with lower amount chip-sets with need high front-end gain made MMIC able BGM1011 BGM1013. Two-stage design e.g. will BGA2001, BGA2011 eventually combined with BGA2748 BGA2715 BGA2717. Some examples configuration L1-carrier shown next tables. Single Front-End amplifier:
Amplifier Gain IP3o(out) Matching 325W 14dB +24dBm External 20dB 0.9dB +21dBm External 2003 14dB 1.1dB +21dBm External 1013 34dB 4.7dB +21dBm Internal 1011 35dB 4.7dB +20dBm Internal 410W 18dB 1.1dB +15dBm External 2011 12dB 1.5dB +10dBm External 2001 14dB 1.3dB 2003 14dB 1.8dB 2715 23.2dB 2.7dB +1dBm Internal 2748 21dB -1.6dBm Internal
+9.5dBm +9.2dBm External External
Two-cascaded circuit Front-End amplifier:
Stage BFG325W BFG410W BFG410W BFU540 BFG325W BGA2011 BGU2003 BGA2011 BGA2003 BGA2011 Stage BFU540 BFU540 BGU2003 BFG410W BFG410W BGA2011 BGA2001 BGA2715 BGA2715 BGA2748 Cascaded 31dB 35dB 29dB 35dB 29dB 21dB 25dB 32.2dB 34dB 30dB Gain Cascaded 1.19dB 1.25dB 1.32dB 1.11dB 1.28dB 1.5dB 2.5dB 2.6dB 2.2dB Cascaded +21dBm +21dBm +21dBm +15dBm +15dBm +10dBm +9.5dBm +1dBm +1dBm -1.6dBm IP3o
Note:
Gain=|S21| data 1.8GHz next approximated, found data sheet diagrams cascaded amplifier equations referee e.g. Edition Manual Appendix, 2.4GHz Generic Front-End reference design evaluated cascaded amplifier includes example interstage filter with insertion loss (NF=+3dB; IP3=+40dBm). MMICs: BGAxxxx, BGMxxxx, BGUxxxx Transistors: BFGxxx, BFUxxx
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Appendix 2.4GHz Generic Front-End Reference design
Complete design description previous Manual edition), including datasheet. Downloadable Manual website:
Description generic Front-End
This note describes design realization 2.4GHz front (IndustrialScientific-Medical). Useful wireless communication applications, e.g. Video/TV signal transmission. covers power amplifier (PA) design path, Noise Amplifier (LNA) design path multiplexing towards antenna.
Though actual processes enable front-end integration certain extend, situations exists were dedicated discrete design required, e.g. realize specific output power. factual design, attention paid interfacing front existing Philips More then trying target application, intention here illustrate generic discrete Front design methodology.
Reference Board BGA6589
BAP51-02 BGU2003
Figure1: position inside 2.4GHz Generic Front-End
Front-End application board supports half duplex operation. This means operation possible same time. time during activity called time slots just slots. order slots specific selected standard. Special handshaking activities consist several slots together so-called time-frame just frame. user points access points linked this
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wireless application must follow same functionality slots, same order frames timing procedure (synchronization). These kind issues must under control specific rules (standard) normally defined Institutes Organization like ETSI, IEEE, NIST, FCC, CEPT,
Applications Reference Board
Some application ideas Generic Front-End Reference Board 2.4GHz WLAN Wireless video, remote control signal transmission data connection headsets wireless mouse, board, printer Palm Keyboard, Printer connectivity Supervision camera signal transmission Wireless loudspeakers Robotics Short range underground walky-talky Short range snow stone avalanche person detector less entry Identification Tire pressure systems Garage door opener Remote control alarm-systems Intelligent kitchen (cooking place, Microwave cooker washing machine operator reminder) Bluetooth DSSS 2.4GHz WLAN (IEEE802.11b) OFDM 2.4GHz WLAN (IEEE802.11g) Access Points PCMCIA Cards 2.4GHz Cordless telephones Wireless pencil input Palms Wireless hand scanner Palm Identification starting engine Wireless reading counters Wireless control soft-drink /cigarette/snag machine Communication between bus/taxi stop lights Panel ware house stock counting Printers Mobiles Wireless Display Remote control Cordless Mouse Automotive, Consumer, Communication
Please note: used MMICs diodes used other frequency ranges e.g. 300MHz 3GHz applications like communication, networking too.
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Selection Applications 2.4GHz environment
Application
Bluetooth; 1Mbps WiMedia (802.15.3a@3.1- 10.6GHz) ZigBee; 1000kbps@2450MHz Other Frequency(868; 915)MHz DECT@ISM IMT-2000 =3G; acc., ITU, CEPT, ERC/DEC/(97)07; ERC/DEC/(99)25 (=UMTS, CDMA2000, UWC-136, UTRAFDD, UTRA-TDD) Wireless LAN; Ethernet; (5.2; 5.7)GHz Wi-Fi; 11-54Mbs; (4.9-5.9)GHz RFID Wireless LAN; 11Mbps Wireless LAN; 54Mbps WPLAN HomeRF; SWAP/CA, 0.8-1.6Mbps Fixed Mobile; Amateur Satellite; ISM, SRD, RLAN, RFID Fixed transmission MOBIL Amateur Radio UoSAT-OSCAR Telemetry AMSAT- OSCAR DOVE-OSCAR Globalstar, (Mobile Downlink) Ellipso, (Mobile Downlink) Aries, (Mobile Downlink) (now Globalstar?) Odyssey, (Mobile Downlink) Orbcomm Satellite (LEO) GPSS-GSM Ariane Ariane (ESA, Arianespace) Atlas Centaur carrier Intelsat J.S. Marshall Radar Observatory Raytheon -10SS Series S-Band Solid-State Primary Surveillance Radar Phase Amateur Radio Satellite; 146MHz, 436MHz, 2400MHz Apollo 14-17; NASA space mission ISS; (internal Intercom System station) Downlink ERC, CEPT Band Plan acc. CEPT Austria regulation acc. CEPT Austria regulation Amateur Radio Satellite UO11 Amateur Radio Satellite AO16 Amateur Radio Satellite DO17 Loral, Qualcomm Satellite; Supplier Ellipsat Satellite; Supplier Constellation Satellite; Supplier Satellite tracking data link rocket tracking data link rocket 700KW Klystron FAA/DoD used U.S. DASR program AMSAT; 250Wpep transponder experiments Space UMTS 2170 2200
Standardization name/ issue
IEEE802.15.1 IEEE802.15.3 (camera, video) IEEE802.15.4 ETSI Uplink Downlink
Start frequency
NUS/EU=2402MHz (All)=2402MHz 2.4GHz US=2402MHz EU=2412MHz 2400 1920 2110 1900 2400MHz
Stop Frequency
NUS/EU=2480MHz (All)=2495MHz 2.49GHz US=2480MHz EU=2472MHz 2483MHz 1980 2170 2024 2483.5MHz 2483MHz 2483MHz 2454MHz 2462MHz
Centre frequency
2442.5MHz 2.45GHz 2441MHz 2441.5MHz Exact Frequency range depending country system supplier 2441.75MHz 2441.5MHz 2441.5MHz 2.45GHz 2437MHz
Bandwidth-MHz/ Channel SpacingMHz
NUS/EU=78/1MHz (All)=93/1MHz
IEEE802.11; IEEE802.11b; ECC/SE24 IEEE802.11b IEEE802.11g NIST
2400MHz 2400MHz 2446MHz 2412MHz 2400MHz NUS/EU=2402MHz (All)=2402 2400MHz 2400MHz 2400MHz 2390MHz
US=83/4MHz EU=60/4 (TDD, FDD; WCDMA, TD-CDMA); paired 2x60MHz paired 25MHz 83.5/ 83/FHSS=1MHz; DSSS=25MHz
NUS/EU=2480MHz (All)=2495 2450MHz 2450MHz 2450MHz 2450MHz 2425MHz 2425MHz 2425MHz 2401.5MHz 2401.1428MHz 2401.2205MHz
78/1MHz, 3.5MHz 93/1MHz, 3.5MHz
2483.5MHz 2483.5MHz 2483.5MHz 2483.5MHz
2500MHz 2500MHz 2500MHz 2500MHz 2250,5MHz 2206MHz 2210,5MHz S-Band S-Band Radar 2400MHz S-Band S-Band 2.4GHz 2.4KHz, S-Band
2700
2900
Abbreviations: NIST WPLAN WLAN IEEE RLAN W-CDMA GMSK UMTS Downlink
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European Radio communication Committee (ERC) within European Conference Postal Telecommunication Administration (CEPT) National Institute Standards Technology Wireless Personal Area Networks Wireless Local Area Networks Industrial Scientific Medical Local Area Network Institute Electrical Electronic Engineers Short Range Device Radio Local Area Network International Space Station International mobile Telecommunications 2000MHz Mobile Satellite Service Wideband-CDMA Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Universal Wireless Communication Mobile Satellite Service UMTS RFID OSCAR FHSS DSSS DECT ITU-R TDMA CDMA Radio Frequency Identification Orbit Satellite Carry Amateur Radio Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications North America Europe International Telecommunications Union Radio communication sector Germany Time Division Multiplex Frequency Division Multiplex Time Division Multiplex Access Code Division Multiplex Access Mobile Systems GSM, IMT-2000
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Schematic
Figure Schematic Reference Board
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Part List
Part Number
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Value
BGU2003 BGA6589 PBSS5140T BC847BW BC857BW BC847BW BAP51-0 BAP51-0 LYR971 LYR971 LYR971 BZV55-B5V1 BZV55-C10 BZV55-C3V6 BZV55-C3V6 optional 100k 22nH 18nH 2u2/10V 100nF/16V 22pF
Size
SOT363 SOT89 SOT23 SOT323 SOT323 SOT323 SOD523 SOD523 0805 0805 0805 SOD80C SOD80C SOD80C SOD80C 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0805 0402 0402 0402 0402 0805 0805 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402
Function Short expl anation
LNA-MMIC TX-PA -MMIC PA-standby control Drive SPDT switching logic level compatibility SPDT- series part diode switch SPDT-RX; shunt part diode switch LED, yellow, bias current control LED, yellow; LED, yellow; SPDT; voltage level shifter Level shifting being 3V/5V tolerant Board polarity over voltage protection Board polarity over voltage protection Board polarity over voltage protection SPDT bias MMIC current CTRL resonance damping; optional MMIC collector bias current adj. bias SPDT PA-MMIC collector current adjust temperature compensation Helps switch bias PActrl current adjust; TX-PA drive PA-MMIC collector current adjust PA-MMIC collector current adjust Improvement SPDT-Off PActrl; logic level conversion PActrl; logic level conversion SPDT blocking biasing output matching PAout Matching input match input matching medium short SPDT bias medium short SPDT bias Antenna decoupling short SPDT shunt decoupling input match short match output matching Removes line ripple together with R8-R14 from supply rail Ripple rejection decoupling input short-bias Supply short
Manufacturer
Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors OSRAM OSRAM OSRAM Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Philips Semiconductors Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 -Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0805 Vitrohm503 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0805 Vitrohm503 Yageo RC0805 Vitrohm503 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Yageo RC0402 Vitrohm512 Elektronik, WE-MK Elektronik, WE-MK Elektronik, WE-MK Elektronik, WE-MK Elektronik, WE-MK Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata,
Order Code
BGU2003 BGA6589 PBSS5140T BC847BW BC857BW BC847BW BAP51-0 BAP51-0 67S5126 67S5126 67S5126 BZV55-B5V1 BZV55-C10 BZV55-C3V6 BZV55-C3V6 26E558 26E584 optional 26E546 26E564 26E616 11E156 26E616 26E586 26E578 26E624 11E156 11E156 26E594 26E626 26E618 GRP155 R71H KA01E GRP1555 DZ01E GRP1555 DZ01E GRP1555 CZ01E GRP1555 CZ01E GRP1555 CZ01E GRP1555 CZ0E GRM188 R61A KE19D GRM155 F51C ZA01D GRP1555 JZ01E GRP1555 DZ01E GRP155 R71H KA01E
Order source
Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata
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Part Number
Value
10u/6.3V 2u2/10V fo=2.4GHz fc=2.4GHz SMA, female µStrip SMA, female µStrip SMA, female µStrip blue PActrl PAVcc green LNctrl black yellow SPDT white LNVcc M2,5 compatible Aluminum metal finished yellow Aludine
Size
0402 0805 0402 0603 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 0402 1008 0805 12.7mm flange 1.3mm 12.7mm flange 1.3mm 12.7mm flange 1.3mm green black yellow blue 40cm, 0.5qmm 40cm, 0.5qmm, 40cm, 0.5qmm, 40cm, 0.5qmm 40cm, 0.5qmm, 40cm, 0.5qmm, M2,5 47,5mm 41,5mm 47,5mm 41,5mm 10mm
Function short explanation
TX-PAout decoupling matching rail LNVcc noise LNctrl rail noise SPDT control noise PActrl noise LNVcc short optional input match removal RX-BP filter matching removal TX-LP filter matching band pass input filtering pass spurious filtering Antenna connector, SMA, panel launcher, female, bulkhead receptacle with flange, PTFE, CuBe, CuNiAu RX-Out connector, SMA, panel launcher, female, bulkhead receptacle with flange, PTFE, CuBe, CuNiAu TX-IN connector, SMA, panel launcher, female, bulkhead receptacle with flange, PTFE, CuBe, CuNiAu LNctrl, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal PAVcc, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal GND, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal SPDT, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal PActrl, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal LNVcc, Multiple spring wire plugs, Solder terminal Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, blue, CuSn Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, red, CuSn Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, green, CuSn Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, black, CuSn Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, yellow, CuSn Insulated stranded hook wire, LiYv, white, CuSn Screw mounting Screw launcher mounting Epoxy 560µm; Cu=17.5µm; Ni=5µm; Au=0.3µm layer double side
Manufacturer
Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata, Murata,
Order Code
GRP1555 CZ01E GRM21 BR60J KE19B GRP155 R71H KA01E GRM188 R61A KE34B GRP155 R71H KA01E GRP155 R71H KA01E GRP155 R71H KA01E GRP1555 CZ01E GRP1555 DZ01E GRP1555 DZ01E
Order source
Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata
Murata, Murata, Murata, Elektronik Elektronik
Hirschmann Hirschmann Hirschmann Hirschmann Hirschmann Hirschmann VDE0812/9.72 VDE0812/9.72 VDE0812/9.72 VDE0812/9.72 VDE0812/9.72 VDE0812/9.72 Paul-Korth GmbH Paul-Korth GmbH www.isola.de www.haefeleleiterplatten.de
15F260 15F240 15F230 15F250 15F270 15F240 92F566 92F565 92F567 92F564 92F568 92F569 NIRO DIN7985-H NIRO DIN7985-H DURAVER®-E-Cu, MLB-DE ML/2
Paul-Korth Paul-Korth Leiterplat tentechnik
Base metal caring connectors
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
edition APPENDIX
Product design manual Products
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
edition APPENDIX
Product design manual Products
Appendix Application-basics
Complete Application-basics previous Manual (4th edition) which downloadable Manual website:
Frequency spectrum transmission system Front-End
For: Function antenna, examples design, Transistor Semiconductor Process, Manual edition Manual website.
Frequency spectrum
Radio spectrum wavelengths Each material's composition creates unique pattern radiation emitted. This classified "frequency" "wavelength" emitted radiation. electro-magnetic (EM) signals travel with speed light, they have character propagation waves.
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
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Product design manual Products
survey frequency bands related wavelengths:
Band Frequency 3kHz 30kHz 30kHz 300kHz 300kHz 1650kHz 1605KHz 4000KHz -3MHz 30MHz 30MHz 300MHz 300MHz 3GHz 3GHz 30GHz 30GHz 300GHz 300GHz 3THz Definition (English) Very Frequency Frequency Medium Frequency Boundary Wave High Frequency Very High Frequency Ultra High Frequency Super High Frequency Extremely High Frequency -Definition (German) (Myriameterwellen) Langwelle (Kilometerwellen) Mittelwelle (Hektometerwellen) Grenzwellen Kurzwelle (Dekameterwellen) Ultrakurzwellen (Meterwellen) Dezimeterwellen Zentimeterwellen Millimeterwellen Dezimillimeterwellen Wavelength acc. DIN40015 100km 10km 10km 100m CCIR Band
100m 10cm 10cm 1mm-100µm
Literature researches according Microwave's sub-bands showed different definitions with very none description area validity. following table will give overview can't reference.
Source www.werweiss-was.de Satellite Uplink 3,95-5,8 8-10 10-20 20-40 www.atcnea. Primary Radar Siemens Online Lexicon Frequency bands Area Siemens Online Lexicon Microwave bands 0,1-0,225 ARRL Book 3126 -Wikipedia
Validity
IEEE Radar Standard
Military Band
Dividing Radar techniques
Band
60-90 90-140 140-220
3,95-5,8 60-90
18-27 27-40 12-18 40-100
5,85-8,2 18,0-26,5
40-60 60-100
1,0-2,6
18-26,5 26,5-40 12,6-18
10,9-36 17-31 15,3-17,2 0,39-1,55
18-26.5 26.5-40 12.4-18
5,85-8,2 18-26,5 26,5-40 12,4-18 1-2,6
12,4-18,0 26,5-40,0 2,6-3,95 40,0-60,0
0,225-0,39 36-46 1,55-3,9 46-56
110-170 33-50 40-60 50-75 75-110 8-12.4
0,22-0,3 33-50 2,6-3,95 40-60 50-75 75-110 8,2-12,4
8-12
8,2-12,4
8-12,5
6,2-10,9
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Elec tronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
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transmission system
Simplex
Half duplex
Full duplex
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
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Product design manual Products
Front-End
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
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Product design manual Products
Appendix Design-basics
Complete Design-basics previous Manual (4th edition). Manual edition downloadable Manual website:
For: Fundamentals Amplifier design Fundamentals, download Manual edition Manual website.
Small signal amplifier parameters
Transistor parameters, microwave
currents voltages, assume transistor acts like voltage-controlled current source with diode clamping action base-emitter input circuit. this model, transistor specified large signal DC-parameters, i.e., DC-current gain maximum power dissipation, breakdown voltages forth.
Thermal Voltage: VT=kT/q26mV@25°C =Collector reverse saturation current frequency voltage gain:
Current gain
Increasing frequency audio frequency range, transistor's parameters frequencydependent phase shift parasitic capacitance effects. characterization these effects, small signal h-parameters used. These hybrid parameters determined measuring voltage current terminal open short (standards) other port. h-parameter matrix shown below. h-Parameter Matrix:
Increasing frequency ranges, open ports become inaccurate electrically stray field radiation. This results unacceptable errors. this phenomenon y-parameters were developed. They again measure voltage current, only "short" standard. This "short" approach yields more accurate results this frequency region. y-parameter matrix shown below. y-Parameter Matrix:
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
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Further increasing frequency, parasitic inductance "short" causes problem mechanical depending parasitic. Additionally, measuring voltage, current it's phase quite tricky. scattering parameters, S-parameters, were developed based measurement forward backward traveling waves determine reflection coefficients transistor's terminals ports). S-parameter matrix shown below. S-Parameter Matrix:
Definition S-Parameters
Every amplifier input port output port 2-port network). Typically input port labeled Port-1 output labeled Port-2.
Matrix:
Equation:
Figure Two-port Network's waves forward-traveling waves traveling into DUT's (input output) ports. backward-traveling waves reflected back from DUT's ports expression "port terminate" means 50-standard. This conjugate complex power match! previous chapter reflection coefficient defined Reflection coefficient:
back running wave forward running wave
with output terminated
Calculating input reflection factor port
That means source injects forward-traveling wave (a1) into Port-1. forward-traveling power (a2) injected into Port-2. same procedure done Port-2 with Output reflection factor:
with input terminated
Gain defined
gain
output wave input wave
forward-traveling wave gain calculated wave (b2) traveling Port-2 divided wave (a1) injected into Port-1.
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
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backward traveling wave gain calculated wave (b1) traveling Port-1 divided wave (a2) injected into Port-2.
normalized waves defined
Forward transmission: 20log Isolation:
signal into Port-1 signal into Port-2 signal Port-1 signal Port-2
S12(dB) -20log (S12 -20log (S11
-20log (S22
Input Return Loss:
Output Return Loss:
normalized waves have units referenced system impedance shown following mathematical analyses: relationship between written
Insertion Loss:
-20log (S21
Rem:
Substituting:
Volt Unit Watt Because forward normalized waves determined measuring voltage
forward-traveling wave referenced system impedance constant Directional couplers VSWR bridges divide standing waves into forward- backward-traveling voltage wave. (Diode) Detectors convert these waves Vforward Vbackward voltage. After easy processing both voltages, VSWR read.
VHF-SWR-Meter built from (Nuova Elettronica). consists three strip-lines. middle line passes main signal from input output. upper lower strip lines select part forward backward traveling waves special electrical magnetic cross-coupling. Diode detectors each coupled strip-line-end rectify power voltage, which passed external analog circuit processing monitoring VSWR. Applications: Power antenna match control, output power detector, vector voltmeter, vector network analysis, AGC, etc. These kinds circuit's kits published amateur radio literature several magazines.
Vforward
Detector
Vbackward
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
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2-Port Network definition
Input return loss
Power reflected from input port Power available from generator input port
Output return loss
Power reflected from output port Power available from generator output port
Forward transmission loss (insertion loss)
Figure S-Parameters Two-port Network
Transducer power gain
Reverse transmission loss (isolation)
Reverse transduce power gain
Philips' data sheet parameter Insertion power gain |S21|2: 10dB 20dB
Example: Calculation:
Calculate insertion power gain BGA2003 100MHz, 450MHz, 1800MHz, 2400MHz bias set-up VVS- OUT=2.5V, -OUT=10mA. Download S-Parameter data file [2_510A3.S2P] from Philips' website page Silicon MMIC amplifier BGA2003. This section file:
Freq 1800 2400 0.58765 0.43912 0.39966 0.21647 0.18255 -9.43 -28.73 -32.38 -47.97 -69.08 21.85015 163.96 16.09626 130.48 14.27094 123.44 4.96451 85.877 3.89514 76.801 0.00555 83.961 0.019843 79.704 0.023928 79.598 0.07832 82.488 0.11188 80.224 0.9525 -7.204 0.80026 -22.43 0.75616 -25.24 0.52249 -46.31 0.48091
Results:
100MHz 450MHz 1800MHz 2400MHz
20log(21.85015) 26.8
16.09626e130. 14.27094e123.44° 23.6dB
13.9 11.8
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
Philips Semiconductors
Manual
edition APPENDIX
Product design manual Products
3-Port Network definition
Typical vehicles 3-port s-parameters are: Directional couplers, power splitters, combiners, phase splitters. 3-Port s-parameter definition:
Port reflection coefficient return loss:
Port
Port
Port
Figure Three-port Network's waves
Transmission gain:
Port 1=>2
Port 1=>3
Port 2=>3
Port 2=>1
Port 3=>1
Port 3=>2
4322 06394
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Manual Appendix
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Manual
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Product design manual Products
MAIN FILE Manual
separate file
Download main Manual from internet:
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2004
rights reserved. Reproduction whole part prohibited without prior written consent copyright owner. information presented this document does form part quotation contract, believed accurate reliable changed without notice. liability will accepted publisher consequence use. Publication thereof does convey imply license under patent- other industrial intellectual property rights.
Date release: October 2004 Document order number: 4322 06394 Published Netherlands
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Manual Appendix
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