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Code Hopping Encoder Security Programmable 28-bit serial num
Top Searches for this datasheetHCS200 Code Hopping Encoder Security Programmable 28-bit serial number Programmable 64-bit encryption Each transmission unique 66-bit transmission code length 32-bit hopping code 28-bit serial number, 4-bit function code, VLOW indicator transmitted Encryption keys read protected PACKAGE TYPES PDIP, SOIC HCS200 Operating 3.5-13.0V operation Three button inputs seven functions available Selectable baud rate Automatic code word completion Battery signal transmitted receiver Non-volatile synchronization data BLOCK DIAGRAM Oscillator Reset circuit Controller Power latching switching Other Easy programming interface On-chip EEPROM On-chip oscillator timing components Button inputs have internal pulldown resistors external component cost EEPROM Encoder 32-bit shift register Button input port Typical Applications HCS200 ideal Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) applications. These applications include: Fixed code replacement Automotive systems Automotive alarm systems Automotive immobilizers Gate garage door openers Identity tokens Burglar alarm systems HCS200 combines 32-bit hopping code generated non-linear encryption algorithm, with 28-bit serial number information bits create 66-bit transmission stream. length transmission eliminates threat code scanning, code hopping mechanism makes each transmission unique, thus rendering code capture resend schemes useless. encryption key, serial number, configuration data stored EEPROM which accessible external connection. This makes HCS200 very secure unit. HCS200 provides easy serial interface programming necessary security keys, system parameters, configuration data. DESCRIPTION HCS200, from Microchip Technology Inc., code hopping encoder designed Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems. HCS200 utilizes Keeloq® code hopping technology, which incorporates high security, small package outline cost, make this device perfect solution replacement fixed code devices unidirectional remote keyless entry systems access control systems. KEELOQ registered trademark Microchip Technology, Inc. Microchip's Secure Data Products covered some following patents: Code hopping encoder patents issued Europe, U.S.A., R.S.A. U.S.A.: 5,517,187; Europe: 0459781; R.S.A.: ZA93/4726 Secure learning patents issued U.S.A. R.S.A. U.S.A.: 5,686,904; R.S.A.: 95/5429 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 encryption keys code combinations programmable read-protected. keys only verified after automatic erase programming operation. This protects against attempts gain access keys manipulate synchronization values. HCS200 operates over wide voltage range volts 13.0 volts three button inputs 8-pin configuration. This allows system designer freedom utilize seven functions. only components required device operation buttons circuitry, allowing very system cost. HCS200 code hopping encoder device that designed specifically keyless entry systems, primarily vehicles home garage door openers. meant cost-effective, secure solution such systems. encoder portion keyless entry system meant carried user operated gain access vehicle restricted area. HCS200 requires very external components (Figure 2-1). Most low-end keyless entry systems transmit same code from transmitter every time button pushed. number possible code combinations system also relatively small number. These shortcomings provide means sophisticated thief create device that `grabs' transmission re-transmits later, device that scans possible combinations until correct found. HCS200 employs KEELOQ code hopping encryption algorithm achieve high level security. Code hopping method which code transmitted from transmitter receiver different every time button pushed. This method, coupled with transmission length bits, virtually eliminates code `grabbing' code `scanning'. indicated block diagram page one, HCS200 small EEPROM array which must loaded with several parameters before use. most important these values are: 28-bit serial number which meant unique every encoder 16-bit configuration value encryption that generated time production 16-bit synchronization value serial number each transmitter programmed manufacturer time production. generation encryption done using generation algorithm (Figure 1-1). Typically, inputs generation algorithm serial number transmitter 64-bit manufacturer's code. manufacturer's code chosen system manufacturer must carefully controlled. manufacturer's code pivotal part overall system security. SYSTEM OVERVIEW Terms Manufacturer's code 64-bit word, unique each manufacturer, used produce unique encryption each transmitter (encoder). Encryption unique 64-bit generated programmed into encoder during manufacturing process. encryption controls encryption algorithm stored EEPROM encoder device. Learn product family facilitates several learn strategies implemented decoder. following examples what done. must pointed that their exists some third-party patents learning strategies implementation. 1.1.1 NORMAL LEARN receiver uses same information that transmitted during normal operation derive transmitter's secret key, decrypt discrimination value synchronization counter. 1.1.2 SECURE LEARN* transmitter activated through special button combination transmit stored 48-bit value (random seed) that used generation part key. Transmission random seed disabled after learning completed. FIGURE 1-1: CREATION STORAGE ENCRYPTION DURING PRODUCTION HCS200 EEPROM Array Serial Number Encryption Sync Counter Transmitter Serial Number Manufacturer's Code Generation Algorithm Encryption DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 16-bit synchronization value basis transmitted code changing each transmission, updated each time button pressed. Because complexity code hopping algorithm, change synchronization value will result large change actual transmitted code. There relationship (Figure 1-2) between values EEPROM they used encoder. Once encoder detects that button been pressed, encoder reads button updates synchronization counter. synchronization value then combined with encryption encryption algorithm output bits encrypted information. This data will change with every button press, hence, referred hopping portion code word. 32-bit hopping code combined with button information serial number form code word transmitted receiver. code word format explained detail Section 4.3. type controller used receiver, typically microcontroller with compatible firmware that allows receiver operate conjunction with transmitter based HCS200. Section provides more detail integrating HCS200 into total system. Before transmitter used with particular receiver, transmitter must `learned' receiver. Upon learning transmitter, information stored receiver that track transmitter, including serial number transmitter, current synchronization value that transmitter, same encryption that used transmitter. receiver receives message valid format, serial number checked, and, from learned transmitter, message decrypted, decrypted synchronization counter checked against what stored. synchronization value verified, then button status checked what operation needed. Figure shows relationship between some values stored receiver values received from transmitter. FIGURE 1-2: BASIC OPERATION TRANSMITTER (ENCODER) Transmitted Information KeeLoq Encryption Algorithm Bits Encrypted Data Serial Number Button Press Information EEPROM Array Encryption Sync Counter Serial Number FIGURE 1-3: BASIC OPERATION RECEIVER (DECODER) Check Match EEPROM Array Encryption Sync Counter Serial Number Manufacturer Code Check Match KEELOQ Decryption Algorithm Decrypted Synchronization Counter Button Press Information Serial Number Bits Encrypted Data Received Information 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 DEVICE OPERATION shown Figure 2-1, HCS200 simple device use. requires only addition buttons circuitry transmitter your security application. description each described Table 2-1. Note: When 9.0V driving capacitive loads, resistor with minimum value should used line with VDD. This prevents clamping 9.0V event overshoot. high security level HCS200 based patented KEELOQ technology. block cipher based block length bits length bits used. algorithm obscures information such that even transmission information (before coding) differs only from information previous transmission, next coded transmission will totally different. Statistically, only 32-bit string information changes, approximately percent coded transmission will change. HCS200 will wake upon detecting switch closure then delay approximately switch debounce (Figure 2-2). synchronization information, fixed information, switch information will encrypted form hopping code. encrypted hopping code portion transmission will change every time, even same button pushed again. code that been transmitted will occur again more than transmissions. This will provide more than years typical before code repeated based operations day. Overflow information sent from encoder used decoder extend number unique transmissions more than 192K. transmit process detected that button(s) been pressed, reset will immediately forced FIGURE 2-1: +12V (Note TYPICAL CIRCUITS code word will completed. Please note that buttons removed will have effect code word unless buttons remain pressed which case code word will completed power down will occur. button remote control +12V (Note FIGURE 2-2: ENCODER OPERATION button been pressed) Power Reset Debounce Delay Sample Inputs Update Sync Info Encrypt With Encryption Load Transmit Register button remote control (Note) Note functions implemented pressing more than button simultaneously using suitable diode array. Resistor recommended current limiting. TABLE 2-1: Name Number DESCRIPTIONS Transmit Description Switch input Switch input Switch input 2/Clock when programming mode Ground reference connection Pulse width modulation (PWM) output pin/Data programming mode Positive supply voltage connection Buttons Added Buttons Released Complete Code Word Transmission Stop DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 EEPROM MEMORY ORGANIZATION SER_0, SER_1 (Encoder Serial Number) HCS200 contains bits 16-bit words) EEPROM memory (Table 3-1). This EEPROM array used store encryption information, synchronization value, etc. Further descriptions memory array given following sections. SER_0 SER_1 lower upper words device serial number, respectively. Although there bits allocated serial number, only lower order bits transmitted. serial number meant unique every transmitter. TABLE 3-1: WORD ADDRESS EEPROM MEMORY MNEMONIC KEY_0 KEY_1 KEY_2 KEY_3 SYNC Reserved SER_0 SER_1 SEED_0 SEED_1 Reserved CONFIG DESCRIPTION 64-bit encryption (word 64-bit encryption (word 64-bit encryption (word 64-bit encryption (word 16-bit synchronization value 0000H Device Serial Number (word Device Serial Number (word Seed Value (word Seed Value (word 0000H Config Word SEED_0, SEED_1 (Seed Word) This 2-word (32-bit) seed code that will transmitted when three buttons pressed same time. This allows system designer implement secure learn feature this fixed code word part different generation/tracking process. Configuration Word configuration word 16-bit word stored EEPROM array that used device store information used during encryption process, well status option configurations. Further explanations each bits described following sections. TABLE 3-2: Number 3.6.1 CONFIGURATION WORD Description Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Discrimination Voltage Trip Point Select (VLOW SEL) Baudrate Select (BSL0) Reserved Reserved Key_0 Key_3 (64-Bit Encryption Key) 64-bit encryption used transmitter create encrypted message transmitted receiver. This created programmed time production using generation algorithm. generation algorithm different from KEELOQ algorithm. Inputs generation algorithm serial number particular transmitter being used 64-bit manufacturer's code. While generation algorithm supplied from Microchip typical method used, user elect create their method generation. This done providing that decoder programmed with same means creating decryption purposes. DISCRIMINATION VALUE (DISC0 DISC11) SYNC (Synchronization Counter) This 16-bit synchronization value that used create hopping code transmission. This value will changed after every transmission. Reserved Must initialized 0000H. Bits should zero. discrimination value programmed with value serve post decryption check decoder end. typical system, this will programmed with least significant bits serial number constant value, which will also stored receiver system after transmitter been learned. discrimination bits part information that form encrypted portion transmission. After receiver decrypted transmission, discrimination bits checked against stored value verify that decryption process valid. 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 3.6.2 BAUD RATE SELECT BITS (BSL0) TRANSMITTED WORD Transmission Format BSL0 selects speed transmission code word blanking. Table shows bits used select different baud rates Section provides detailed explanation code word blanking. TABLE 3-3: BSL0 3.6.3 BAUD RATE SELECT Basic Pulse Element Code Words Transmitted VOLTAGE TRIP POINT SELECT voltage trip point select used tell HCS200 what level being used. This information will used device determine when send voltage signal receiver. When this one, level assumed operating from volt 12.0 volt level. low, then level assumed volts. Refer Figure voltage trip point. VLOW tested 3.5V 13.0V. HCS200 transmission made several parts (Figure 4-1). Each transmission begins with preamble header, followed encrypted then fixed data. actual data bits which consists bits encrypted data bits fixed data. Each transmission followed guard period before another transmission begin. Refer Table transmission timing requirements. encrypted portion provides four billion changing code combinations includes button status bits (based which buttons were activated) along with synchronization counter value some discrimination bits. fixed portion comprised status bits, function bits, 28-bit serial number. fixed encrypted sections combined increase number combinations 7.38 1019. Synchronous Transmission Mode Synchronous transmission mode used clock code word using external clock. enter synchronous transmission mode, programming mode start-up sequence must executed shown Figure 4-3. either falling edge device enters synchronous transmission mode. this mode, functions normal transmitter, with exception that timing data string controlled externally that extra bits transmitted with code word. button code will value falling edge timing data string controlled supplying clock should exceed kHz. code word same mode with reserved bits word. reserved bits ignored. When synchronous transmission mode should toggled until internal processing been completed shown Figure 4-3. FIGURE 3-1: Volts VOLTAGE TRIP POINTS CHARACTERIZATION VLOW VLOW VLOW Code Word Organization HCS200 transmits 66-bit code word when button pressed. 66-bit word constructed from Fixed Code portion Encrypted Code portion (Figure 4-2). Encrypted Data generated from button bits, discrimination bits, 16-bit sync value (Figure 4-2). Fixed Code Data made from status bit, fixed bit, button bits, 28-bit serial number. Temp DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 FIGURE 4-1: CODE WORD TRANSMISSION FORMAT LOGIC LOGIC Period Preamble Header Encrypted Portion Transmission THOP Fixed Portion Transmission TFIX Guard Time FIGURE 4-2: CODE WORD ORGANIZATION Fixed Code Data Encrypted Code Data Button Status bits) Discrimination bits bits) 16-bit Sync Value Fixed bit) VLOW bit) Button Status bits) 28-bit Serial Number Status Fixed Serial Number Button Status bits) bits Encrypted Data bits Data Transmitted FIGURE 4-3: SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE S[1:0] "01,10,11" FIGURE 4-4: Reserved TRANSMISSION WORD FORMAT DURING SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION MODE Padding Function Code Serial Number Data Word Sync Counter Transmission Direction 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 SPECIAL Code Word Completion Code word completion automatic feature that makes sure that entire code word transmitted, even button released before transmission complete. HCS200 encoder powers itself when button pushed powers itself down after command finished, user already released button. button held down beyond time transmission, then multiple transmissions will result. another button activated during transmission, active transmission will aborted code will generated using button information. power that transmitted device, BACW effectively prevents continuous transmission only allowing transmission every second word. This reduces average power transmitted hence, assists approval transmitter device. Seed Transmission order increase level security system, possible receiver implement what known secure learn function. This done utilizing seed value HCS200 which stored EEPROM only transmitted when three button inputs pressed same time (Table 5-1). Instead normal generation method being used create encryption key, this seed value used. Blank Alternate Code Word VLOW: Voltage indicator Federal Communications Commission (FCC) part rules specify limits fundamental power harmonics that transmitted. Power calculated worst case average power transmitted window. therefore advantageous minimize duty cycle transmitted word. This achieved minimizing duty cycle individual bits blanking consecutive words. Blank Alternate Code Word (BACW) used reducing average power transmission (Figure 5-1). This selectable feature that determined conjunction with baud rate selection BSL0. Using BACW allows user transmit higher amplitude transmission transmission length shorter. puts constraints aver- VLOW transmitted with every transmission (Figure Figure 8-5) will transmitted zero operating voltage above voltage trip point. VLOW signal transmitted receiver give indication user that transmitter battery low. FIGURE 5-1: BLANK ALTERNATE CODE WORD (BACW) Amplitude 100ms 100ms Code Word 100ms 100ms BACW Disabled (All words transmitted) BACW Enabled transmitted) TABLE 5-1: ACTIVATION TABLE External Internal Standby after Fixed DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 PROGRAMMING HCS200 When using HCS200 system, user will have program some parameters into device including serial number secret before used. programming cycle allows user input bits serial data stream, which then stored internally EEPROM. Programming will initiated forcing line high, after line been held high appropriate length time line (Table Figure 6-1). After program mode entered, delay must provided device automatic bulk write cycle complete. This will write locations EEPROM zeros pattern. device then programmed clocking bits time, using clock line data line. Data clocked falling edge After each 16-bit word loaded, programming delay required internal program cycle complete. programming cycle, device verified (Figure 6-2) reading back EEPROM. Reading done clocking line reading data bits PWM. Falling edge initiated reading. security reasons, possible execute verify function without first programming EEPROM. verify operation only done immediately following program cycle. Note: ensure that device does accidentally enter programming mode (resulting bulk erase), should never pulled high circuit connected Special care should taken when driving transistors. TABLE 6-1: PROGRAMMING/VERIFY TIMING REQUIREMENTS Symbol TPH1 TPH2 TPBW TPROG TCLKL TCLKH Min. Max. 5.0V 10%, 25°C Parameter Program mode setup time Hold time Hold time Bulk Write time Program delay time Program cycle time Clock time Clock high time Data setup time Data hold time Data valid time Units FIGURE 6-1: PROGRAMMING WAVEFORMS TPBW TCLKH Enter Program Mode (Clock) TPH1 (Data) TPH2 TCLKL Data Word (KEY_0) Repeat each word times) Data Word Note Unused button inputs held ground during entire programming sequence. must taken ground after program/verify cycle. FIGURE 6-2: VERIFY WAVEFORMS Data Word Bit190 Bit191 Begin Verify Cycle Here Programming Cycle (Data) (Clock) Note: Bit190 Bit191 verify operation done, then must immediately follow program cycle. 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 INTEGRATING HCS200 INTO SYSTEM FIGURE 7-1: TYPICAL LEARN SEQUENCE Enter Learn Mode Wait Reception Valid Code Generate from Serial Number Generated Decrypt Compare Discrimination Value with Fixed Value HCS200 system requires compatible decoder. This decoder typically microcontroller with compatible firmware. Microchip will provide (via license agreement) firmware routines that accept transmissions from HCS200 decrypt hopping code portion data stream. These routines provide system designers means develop their decoding system. Learning transmitter receiver order transmitter used with decoder, transmitter must first `learned'. Several learning strategies followed decoder implementation. When transmitter learned decoder, suggested that decoder stores serial number current synchronization value EEPROM. decoder must keep track these values every transmitter that learned (Figure 7-1). maximum number transmitters that learned only function much EEPROM memory storage available. decoder must also store manufacturer's code order learn transmission transmitter, although this value will change typical system usually stored part microcontroller code. Storing manufacturer's code part code also better security reasons. must stated that some learning strategies have been patented care must taken infringe. Equal Wait Reception Second Valid Code Generated Decrypt Compare Discrimination Value with Fixed Value Equal Counters Sequential Learn successful. Store: Serial number Encryption Synchronization counter Learn Unsuccessful Exit DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 Decoder operation Synchronization with Decoder typical decoder operation (Figure 7-2), generation decoder side done taking serial number from transmission combining that with manufacturer's code create same secret that used transmitter. Once secret obtained, rest transmission decrypted. decoder waits transmission immediately check serial number determine learned transmitter. takes encrypted portion transmission decrypts using stored uses discrimination bits determine decryption valid. everything this point valid, synchronization value evaluated. KEELOQ technology features sophisticated synchronization technique (Figure which does require calculation storage future codes. stored counter value that particular transmitter counter value that just decrypted within formatted window counter stored command executed. counter value within single operation window, within double operation window window, transmitted synchronization value stored temporary location goes back waiting another transmission. When next valid transmission received, will check value with temporary storage. values sequential, assumed that counter just gotten single operation `window', back sync, synchronization value stored command executed. transmitter somehow gotten double operation window, transmitter will work must re-learned. Since entire window rotates after each valid transmission, codes that have been used part `blocked' (32K) codes longer valid. This eliminates possibility grabbing previous code re-transmitting gain entry. Note: synchronization method described this section only typical implementation because usually implemented firmware, altered needs particular system FIGURE 7-2: TYPICAL DECODER OPERATION Start Transmission Received Does Serial Number Match Decrypt Transmission Decryption Valid Counter Within Counter Within Save Counter Temp Location Execute Command Update Counter FIGURE 7-3: SYNCHRONIZATION WINDOW Entire Window rotates eliminate previously used codes Blocked Codes Current Position Open Codes Current window codes 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Item Rating Units TABLE 8-1: Symbol Note: Supply voltage -0.3 13.3 Input voltage -0.3 13.3 VOUT Output voltage -0.3 output current IOUT TSTG Storage temperature +125 (Note) TLSOL Lead soldering temp (Note) VESD rating 4000 Stresses above those listed under "ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS" cause permanent damage device. TABLE 8-2: CHARACTERISTICS Commercial (C): Tamb +70°C Industrial (I): Tamb -40°C +85°C 3.5V 13.0V Parameter Operating current (avg) Sym. Typ* -0.3 0.5VDD 0.08 12.0 VDD+ 0.15 Unit -2.0mA 2.0mA 4.0V 4.0V Conditions 3.5V 6.6V 13.0V Standby current High level Input voltage level input voltage High level output voltage level output voltage Resistance; S0-S2 Resistance; Note: ICCS RS0-2 RPWM Typical values 25°C. DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 FIGURE 8-1: TYPICAL CURVE HCS200 WITH EXTERNAL RESISTORS 12.0 10.0 VBAT External 12.0 10.0 VBAT External 12.0 10.0 VBAT LEGEND Typical Maximum Minimum 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 FIGURE 8-2: POWER TRANSMIT TIMING Code Word Transmission Button Press Detect Code Word Code Word Code Word Code Word TABLE 8-3: POWER TRANSMIT TIMING REQUIREMENTS +3.5 13.0V Commercial (C): Tamb +70°C Industrial (I): Tamb -40°C +85°C Parameter Time second button press Symbol Unit Remarks Code Code (Note Word Word Transmit delay from button detect Debounce Delay Auto-shutoff time-out period (Note Note time which second button pressed without completion first code word intention press combination buttons. auto-shutoff time-out period tested. FIGURE 8-3: FORMAT LOGIC LOGIC Preamble Header Encrypted Portion Transmission THOP Fixed portion Transmission TFIX Guard Time FIGURE 8-4: PREAMBLE/HEADER FORMAT Preamble Header Data Word Transmission DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 FIGURE 8-5: DATA WORD FORMAT Serial Number Header Button Code Status VLOW Fixed Code Word Guard Time Hopping Code Word TABLE 8-4: CODE WORD TRANSMISSION TIMING REQUIREMENTS Code Words Transmitted Number Min. 26.9 28.6 10.9 75.6 1190 Typ. 1200 38.4 40.8 15.6 108.0 Max. 1860 14.3 59.5 63.2 24.2 167.4 Min. 13.4 14.3 37.8 2381 Typ. 19.2 20.4 54.0 1667 Max. 29.8 31.6 12.1 83.7 1075 Units +3.5 13.0V Commercial (C): Tamb +70°C Industrial (I): Tamb -40°C +85°C Symbol THOP TFIX Note: Characteristic Basic pulse element pulse width Preamble duration Header duration Hopping code duration Fixed code duration Guard Time Total Transmit Time data rate timing parameters tested derived from oscillator clock. FIGURE 8-6: HCS200 TEMP CHARACTERIZATION) Typical Max. 3.5V 5.0V 5.0V Min. TEMPERATURE 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 NOTES: DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 NOTES: 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page HCS200 NOTES: DS40138A-page Preliminary 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS200 HCS200 Product Identification System order obtain information (e.g., pricing delivery), please listed part numbers, refer factory listed sales offices. HCS200 Package: Plastic (300 Body), 8-lead Plastic SOIC (150 Body), 8-lead Blank +70°C -40°C +85°C HCS200 HCS200T Code Hopping Encoder Code Hopping Encoder (Tape Reel) Temperature Range: Device: Sales Support Data Sheets Products supported preliminary Data Sheet have errata sheet describing minor operational differences recommended workarounds. determine errata sheet exists particular device, please contact following: Your local Microchip sales office Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (602) 786-7277 Microchip Worldwide Site (www.microchip.com) 1997 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS40138A-page WORLDWIDE SALES SERVICE AMERICAS Corporate Office Microchip Technology Inc. 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, 85224-6199 Tel: 480-786-7200 Fax: 480-786-7277 Technical Support: 480-786-7627 Address: http://www.microchip.com AMERICAS (continued) Toronto Microchip Technology Inc. 5925 Airport Road, Suite Mississauga, Ontario 1W1, Canada Tel: 905-405-6279 Fax: 905-405-6253 ASIA/PACIFIC (continued) Singapore Microchip Technology Singapore Ltd. Middle Road #07-02 Prime Centre Singapore 188980 Tel: 65-334-8870 Fax: 65-334-8850 ASIA/PACIFIC Hong Kong Microchip Asia Pacific Unit 2101, Tower Metroplaza Hing Fong Road Kwai Fong, N.T., Hong Kong Tel: 852-2-401-1200 Fax: 852-2-401-3431 Taiwan, R.O.C Microchip Technology Taiwan 10F-1C Tung North Road Taipei, Taiwan, Tel: 886-2-2717-7175 Fax: 886-2-2545-0139 Atlanta Microchip Technology Inc. Sugar Mill Road, Suite 200B Atlanta, 30350 Tel: 770-640-0034 Fax: 770-640-0307 Boston Microchip Technology Inc. Mount Royal Avenue Marlborough, 01752 Tel: 508-480-9990 Fax: 508-480-8575 EUROPE United Kingdom Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd. Eskdale Road Winnersh Triangle Wokingham Berkshire, England RG41 Tel: 5858 Fax: 44-118 921-5835 Beijing Microchip Technology, Beijing Unit 915, Chaoyangmen Dajie Dong Erhuan Road, Dongcheng District China Hong Kong Manhattan Building Beijing 100027 Tel: 86-10-85282100 Fax: 86-10-85282104 Chicago Microchip Technology Inc. Pierce Road, Suite Itasca, 60143 Tel: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 India Microchip Technology Inc. India Liaison Office Legacy, Convent Road Bangalore 025, India Tel: 91-80-229-0061 Fax: 91-80-229-0062 Denmark Microchip Technology Denmark Regus Business Centre Lautrup Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark Tel: 4420 9895 Fax: 4420 9910 Dallas Microchip Technology Inc. 4570 Westgrove Drive, Suite Addison, 75248 Tel: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Japan Microchip Technology Intl. Inc. 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Floor Samsung-Dong, Kangnam-Ku Seoul, Korea Tel: 82-2-554-7200 Fax: 82-2-558-5934 Germany Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH Gustav-Heinemann-Ring D-81739 Germany Tel: 49-89-627-144 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Angeles Microchip Technology Inc. 18201 Karman, Suite 1090 Irvine, 92612 Tel: 949-263-1888 Fax: 949-263-1338 Italy Arizona Microchip Technology Centro Direzionale Colleoni Palazzo Taurus Colleoni 20041 Agrate Brianza Milan, Italy Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883 11/15/99 Shanghai Microchip Technology Shanghai Golden Bridge Bldg. 2077 Yan'an Road West, Hong Qiao District Shanghai, 200335 Tel: 86-21-6275-5700 Fax: 21-6275-5060 York Microchip Technology Inc. Motor Parkway, Suite Hauppauge, 11788 Tel: 631-273-5305 Fax: 631-273-5335 Jose Microchip Technology Inc. 2107 North First Street, Suite Jose, 95131 Tel: 408-436-7950 Fax: 408-436-7955 Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification worldwide headquarters, design wafer fabrication facilities Chandler Tempe, Arizona July 1999. Company's quality system processes procedures QS-9000 compliant PICmicro® 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ® code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs microperipheral products. addition, Microchip's quality system design manufacture development systems 9001 certified. rights reserved. 1999 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed USA. 11/99 Printed recycled paper. Information contained this publication regarding device applications like intended suggestion only superseded updates. representation warranty given liability assumed Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect accuracy such information, infringement patents other intellectual property rights arising from such otherwise. Microchip's products critical components life support systems authorized except with express written approval Microchip. licenses conveyed, implicitly otherwise, under intellectual property rights. Microchip logo name registered trademarks Microchip Technology Inc. U.S.A. other countries. rights reserved. other trademarks mentioned herein property their respective companies. 1999 Microchip Technology Inc. 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