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Pentium Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) Using HIP6003 Controller
Today's high-performance microprocessors, such Intel Pentium Pro, present many challenges their power source. High power consumption, voltages, fast load changes principal characteristics which have need switch-mode DC-DC converter local microprocessor. Intel specified Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) Pentium microprocessor [1]. This specification details requirements imposed upon input power source(s) Pentium provides computer industry with standard DC-DC converter solution. Intersil HIP6002 HIP6003 Pulse-width Modulator (PWM) controllers targeted specifically DC-DC converters powering Pentium similar high-performance microprocessors.
HIP6003EVAL1 Reference Design
HIP6003EVAL1 evaluation board which highlights operation HIP6003 Pentium VRM. complies fully with Intel Specification governing Pentium DC-DC converter. However, viable DCDC converter solution other high-speed microprocessors.
HIP6003EVAL1 Features
Meets Intel Pentium Specifications Form-Factor (3.1" 1.5" 1.1") Efficiency Regulation Operates +12V Input Systems 4-Bit With Accuracy Overvoltage Protection Fuse
Intersil HIP6003
Intersil HIP6002 HIP6003 voltage-mode controllers with many functions pertinent Pentium VRM. Figure shows simple block diagram HIP6003. HIP6003 heart standard step-down, Buck converter. contains high-performance error amplifier, high-resolution 4-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), programmable free-running oscillator, floating MOSFET driver. more complete description part found HIP6003 data sheet [2]. HIP6002 very similar HIP6003, targeted Buck converters with synchronous rectifier.
MONITOR PROTECTION COMP OCSET PGOOD BOOT UGATE PHASE VSEN
Overcurrent Protection
Input Voltage Sources
HIP6003EVAL1 able either +5VDC +12VDC main power source. either case, +12V required bias supply HIP6003. configured operation. There three approaches powering from +12V: Increase source +12V (for eval) 12VIN pins 5VIN pins (again, eval) Move fuse shown Figure apply +12VIN (for system implementation)
FUSE LOCATION SOURCE
RT/OVP VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 HIP6003
FUSE LOCATION SOURCE
FIGURE INPUT FUSE LOCATION INPUT SOURCE VOLTAGE
FIGURE BLOCK DIAGRAM HIP6003
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http://www.intersil.com 407-727-9207 Copyright
Intersil Corporation 1999
Application Note 9664
TABLE HIP6003EVAL1 OPTIONS VOUT MOSFET (Q1) Schottky (CR2) Number Output Capacitors Fuse Location (see Figure Value Output Inductor (L2) 2.4V RFP70N03 MR2535C5L CTX09-13337 (7µH, 12A) 3.1V RFP70N03 MBR1535CT CTX09-13337 2.4V RFP45N06 MBR2535CTL 2.21k CTX09-13338 (14µH, 12A) 3.1V RFP50N06 MBR2535CTL CTX09-13338
Output Voltage
output voltage 4-bit code (VID0 VID3) programmed Pentium system. internal HIP6003 adjusts internal reference nominal converter output voltage. output voltage programming defined both HIP6003 Data Sheet Intel Pentium DC-DC Converter Specifications. first available Pentium microprocessors have clock rates 150MHz require VOUT 3.1V. Faster Pentium Pros, including Overdriveupgrades, require voltages 2.4V. HIP6003EVAL1 designed meet Intel Specifications voltages 2.4V.
general, choices based upon lowest cost while still meeting Intel specifications. Table also shows that choice output inductor (L2) varies with input voltage. sized such that converter maintains continuous conduction mode (CCM) minimum converter load current. Pentium VRM, minimum load 0.3A. maximum inductor ripple current under minimum load conditions therefore, 0.6Ap-p guarantee CCM. inputs, higher value inductor required maintain 0.6Ap-p ripple current. table also includes selection OCSET resistor which dependent upon selection. This will discussed Protection text. shaded column Table indicates present configuration HIP6003EVAL1.
Flexibility
Since many applications will require voltage 2.4V, this application note details modifications which made design allow more cost-effective solutions less stringent conditions. First, number output capacitors required meet Intel-specified regulation less higher output levels than eight that present HIP6003EVAL1. 3.1V output, only capacitors necessary. output capacitors (C5-12 schematic Appendix) take initial edge load transient thus, critical overall converter regulation performance. Second, smaller Schottky rectifier (CR2) used when converter VOUT/VIN ratio increases. This ratio equals duty-cycle converter (ignoring losses) indicates percentage time that MOSFET (Q1) conducting load current. Schottky conducts load during remaining portion cycle. evaluation board powered from either power source described above. operated from only, smaller MOSFET substituted. This only reduces cost, also increases efficiency. higher input voltages (lower duty cycles), switching losses become dominant over conduction losses with selected RFP70N03 MOSFET. Table details selection four combinations input source output voltage.
Efficiency
Figure displays evaluation board efficiency versus load current intended application input 2.4V output. figure includes both laboratory data predicted efficiency. predicted curve uses MathCADto account major power losses while calculating thermal equilibrium power devices (Q1, CR2, L2). Figure shows predicted efficiency curves other three applications detailed Table
VOUT 2.4V EFFICIENCY
DATA PREDICTED
LOAD CURRENT
FIGURE EFFICIENCY LOAD HIP6003EVAL1
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Application Note 9664
Transient Response
Figure Figure show laboratory oscillograms HIP6003EVAL1 response load transient application Intel Power Validator [3]. load transient applied from 0.3A 10.3A Figure shows, output voltage (VOUT) remains well within regulation window. There sufficient headroom allow worst-case component tolerances (mainly Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) output capacitors) temperature effects. Figure Figure detail edges load transient application. Both figures include error amplifier output (COMP) output inductor current (IL) addition VOUT.
2.60 REGULATION LIMIT 2.50
EFFICIENCY
VOUT 3.1V 12V, VOUT 3.1V 12V, VOUT 2.4V
LOAD CURRENT
FIGURE PREDICTED EFFICIENCY LOAD WITH DIFFERENT INPUT OUTPUT CONDITIONS
VOUT 3.1V EFFICIENCY
2.40 2.30
RFP50N06 RFP70N03 2.20
REGULATION LIMIT TIME (2ms/DIV)
FIGURE HIP6003EVAL1 OUTPUT TRANSIENT RESPONSE
LOAD CURRENT
FIGURE PREDICTED EFFICIENCY LOAD WITH WITHOUT SUGGESTED MODIFICATIONS TABLE
COMP (2V/DIV)
Figure illustrates advantages using smaller MOSFET when main power source 12V. solid line efficiency HIP6003EVAL1 3.1V conversion. dashed line efficiency same case except that modifications from Table incorporated. This highlights that smaller MOSFET both more cost-effective more efficient when power source 12V. smaller MOSFET (50N06) more efficient because switching gate drive losses larger MOSFET (70N03) offset conduction loss advantages input.
2.40V
VOUT (50mV/DIV)
(5A/DIV)
TIME (20µs/DIV)
FIGURE 10.3A 0.3A TRANSIENT RESPONSE
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Application Note 9664
Output Voltage Droop with Load
HIP6003EVAL1 uses output voltage droop function. This feature helps converter maintain regulation through load transients with fewer less costly) output capacitors. Figure illustrates droop function helps converter. light load, VOUT about 30mV higher than nominal output voltage 2.4V. full load, VOUT about 30mV lower than nominal. This reduces overall converter regulation window about 60mV because regulation limits defined transient edges. Since voltage excursions transient edges mainly function output capacitors, converter fewer capacitors. HIP6003EVAL1 implements droop function using average voltage drop across output inductor. average voltage drop equals output current times winding resistance output inductor. Instead straight voltage feedback, averaging filter (R8, R10, schematic) added around output inductor. This filter communicates both output voltage droop information back controller. resistor (R2) increases light-load voltage above program level.
COMP (2V/DIV) VOUT (50mV/DIV)
2.40V
(5A/DIV)
TIME (20µs/DIV)
FIGURE 0.3A 10.3A TRANSIENT RESPONSE
U1-2 (SS) (1V/DIV)
Soft Start
HIP6003 soft start function which provides very controlled turn-on sequence. error amplifier output (COMP HIP6003) program level clamped soft start voltage pin). This effect maintaining well-controlled output voltage ramp throughout entire soft start interval, with output voltage overshoot. This behavior detailed Figure
VOUT (1V/DIV)
TIME (5ms/DIV)
Protection
HIP6003EVAL1 lossless overcurrent (OC) protection. This accomplished HIP6003 currentsense function. HIP6003 senses converter load current monitoring voltage drop across Power MOSFET (Q1). selecting appropriate value OCSET resistor (R7), HIP6003 provides protection without cost power loss associated with external currentsense resistor. overcurrent trip point varies with MOSFET on-resistance (rDS(ON)), which temperature dependent. This method protection sufficient most applications. Figure shows HIP6003EVAL1 overcurrent condition. converter operates hiccup mode, dissipating very little power, until condition removed.
FIGURE TURN-ON HIP6003EVAL1 WITH VOUT 3.1V LOAD CURRENT EQUAL 0.3A
U1-2 (SS) (2V/DIV)
VOUT (2V/DIV)
(5A/DIV)
TIME (20ms/DIV)
FIGURE HIP6003EVAL1 OVERCURRENT CONDITION
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Application Note 9664
Protection
HIP6003EVAL1 contains circuitry protect against output overvoltage (OV) conditions. When overvoltage (greater than over nominal VOUT) occurs, HIP6003 fires (Q2) input fuse will open. applications where this feature necessary, following components eliminated: VR1, wire must replace when using HIP6003EVAL1 without protection.
Conclusion
HIP6003EVAL1 reference design suitable DCDC converter solution Pentium other highperformance microprocessors.
References
Intersil documents available web, http://www.intersil.com/ Intersil AnswerFAX (407) 724-7800. Pentium Processor Power Distribution Guidelines, Intel Application Note AP-523, November, 1995. HIP6003 Data Sheet, Intersil Corporation, AnswerFAX doc. #4274. Power Validator, Part Number PV6PDQ.
Appendix
Board Description
COMPONENT SIDE SILK SCREEN
SOLDER SIDE
INTERNAL
BOTTOM SILK SCREEN
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Application Note 9664 Schematic Diagram
12VIN 5VIN 1.5µH C1-4 330µF 2N6394 5.1V SPARE 0.1µF RT/OVP VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 VID0 VID1 VID2 VID3 HIP6003 0.1µF MONITOR PROTECTION OCSET PGOOD BOOT UGATE PHASE VSEN C5-12 1000µF 33pF 1000pF 3.01K SPARE SPARE 90.9K COMP 0.1µF VOUT 4148 1000pF PWRGD C19-20
750K
0.1µF
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Application Note 9664 Bill Materials
REFERENCE DESIGNATION C1-4 C5-12 C13-14, C16, C18-20 251015A 576802B04000 532956-7 PART NUMBER HIP6003 RFP70N03 2N6394 1N4148 MBR2535CTL 1N5231 CTX09-13336 PO344 CTX09-13337 PO345 25MV330GX 6MV1000GX DESCRIPTION Pentium MOSFET, 30V, SCR, 50V, Rectifier, Rectifier, Schottky, 35V, Zener, 5.1V Inductor, 1.5µH T44-52 Core, Turns Inductor, T60-52 Core, Turns Capacitor, Al-Elec, 330µF, Capacitor, Al-Elec, 1000µF, 6.3V Capacitor, Ceramic, 0.1µF, Capacitor, Ceramic, 33pF, Capacitor, Ceramic, 1000pF, Capacitor, Ceramic, 1µF, Resistor, 750K, Resistor, 3.01K, Resistor, 90.9K, Resistor, Resistor, Resistor, 20K, Resistor, 10K, Resistor, 15K, Fuse, Heatsink Connector MECHANICAL SOIC-16 TO-220 TO-220 DL-35 TO-220 DL-35 Thru-Hole Thru-Hole Radial, 8x20 Radial, 8x20 0805 0805 0805 1206 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 Axial Littlefuse Aavid Coiltronics Pulse Coiltronics Pulse Sanyo Sanyo Motorola VENDOR Intersil Corporation Intersil Corporation Motorola
Intersil semiconductor products manufactured, assembled tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification.
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information regarding Intersil Corporation products, site http://www.intersil.com
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