major concern traffic management engineers safety pedestrians crosswal

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AlInGaP Amber Lamps In-Roadway Pedestrian Crosswalk Strobe Lighting Application Brief I-006
major concern traffic management engineers safety pedestrians crosswalks. This concern becomes especially acute pedestrian crosswalks non-signalized intersections mid-block crossings. Pedestrian vehicle accidents, many which cause fatalities, occur both during daylight nighttime hours. majority cases, motorist involved aware crosswalk occupied pedestrian until late stop.
Various attempts illuminate pedestrian crosswalks during night have significantly reduced pedestrian vehicle accident rate during nighttime hours. Pedestrian activated pedestrian HAND WALKING PERSON traffic signals have been installed some crosswalks help assure pedestrian safety. These signals reduce pedestrian vehicle accident rate, have negative effect interrupting vehicle traffic flow time period after pedestrian(s) clear
crosswalk. dependable daytime nighttime lighting method needed alert motorists that pedestrian crosswalk occupied This will permit them slow down time permit positive, safe crossing pedestrians crosswalk, with minimal impact traffic flow. Over month period, from January 1990 through September 1993, police records City Santa Rosa, California, show total vehicle pedestrian accidents, average
SOLAR POWER PANEL PEDESTRIAN CROSS WALK AMBER STROBE LIGHTS PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK SIGN
APPROACHING TRAFFIC
AMBER STROBE LIGHTS
CROSSWALK CONTROL UNIT
PUSH BUTTON INFRARED BEAM INTERRUPT SENSOR
FLASHING LIGHTS ALERT MOTORISTS CROSSWALK OCCUPIED
Figure Concept In-Roadway Strobe Lighting Pedestrian Crosswalks.
three month. City Santa Rosa experienced pedestrian in-crosswalk fatalities during this same period, during year 1991. Because this high accident fatality rate, City Santa Rosa experimenting with technology that uses in-roadway amber strobe lighting. identifies occupied pedestrian crosswalks oncoming motorists.
3/4, nondiffused lamp. sunlight during winter months, following benefits that LEDs there sufficient battery reserve provide became deciding last days. factors AlInGaP amber lamp over xenon Construction flash tube: Light Module Figure shows simplified cross sectional diagram strobe module. Durable Delrin construction each test module housing withstands weight heavy vehicles passing traffic. window highly amber color sion- weather-resistant best easy recognition Hydex. Mounted small motorists red-green board inside blind. AlInGaP amber lamps. Light from LEDs passes AlInGaP LEDs easily through lens assembly that dimmable pulse width focuses light into beam. modulation nighttime modules have active viewing, eliminating drive electronics. potential safety hazard bright flashing lights. Amber AlInGaP LEDs provide best visibility motorists distances bright sunlight adverse weather conditions. AlInGaP LEDs provide long term reliability maintenance, thus strobe lights require periodic changing. cost installation with containment electronics roadside cabinet. Easily designed drive circuitry eliminates that cause noise vehicle radios. notable advantage strobe lights solar cell battery power roadway crosswalk locations where electrical power readily available. efficiencies strobe lights permit operation solar power during daytime hours well operation battery power during nighttime hours. Should there sufficient
In-Roadway Amber Strobe Lights
Both sides pedestrian crosswalk lined with amber strobe lights, placed roadway surface facing oncoming traffic, diagrammed Figure When pedestrian enters crosswalk, strobe lights activated. This occurs either pedestrian pushing crosswalk button interruption infrared light beam across entrance crosswalk. flashing amber strobe lights alert oncoming motorists that they approaching occupied crosswalk should immediately reduce speed their vehicles. flash amber strobe lights easily seen approaching motorists sufficient distance permit vehicles slow down come safe stop. down roadway viewing distance required amber strobe lighting match posted speed limit.
Luminous Output
luminous output from amber strobe light units must sufficient motorist easily recognize flashing strobe lights bright sunlight condition along full length motorist-viewingdistance-path. array HLMT-CL15 AlInGaP lamps, pulsed drive conditions, produces sufficient light output. Optical lensing placed front lamp array focuses emitted light into beam along desired motorist-viewing-distance-path. ability being able flashing amber strobe lights shown reduce probability being hazardous visual distraction motorists during nighttime hours. This decreases possibility
AlInGaP Amber LEDs Provide Strobe Light Illumination
light source selected in-roadway strobe lights HLMT-CL15, AlInGaP, amber, 3700 mcd, 15°,
LIGHT FOCUSING LENS ASSEMBLY HYDEX WINDOW
HLMT-CL15 AllnGaP AMBER LAMPS
RIGID DELRIN BODY WITHSTANDS WEIGHT VEHICLES PASSING OVER MODULE
LIGHT BEAM
ELECTRICAL WIRES STEEL BASE PLATE ADHESIVE BOND MODULE ROADWAY PAVING DRIVE MOUNTING SCREWS
COURTESY LIGHT GUARD SYSTEM, INC. PATENT PENDING
Figure Simplified Cross-Sectional Diagram Strobe Light Module.
vehicle accident.
Control Drive Electronics
weather-proof cabinet contains control drive electronics roadside. systems operate volt supplied either from solar panels ac-to-dc rectifier line. this way, each bank strobe light modules allows voltage wiring roadbed. control unit provides such functions Pedestrian crossing data: Date, time, direction, total volume pedestrian traffic. Adjustable pedestrian crossing time second intervals. Adjustment flash rate.
amber strobe lights along each side pedestrian crosswalk facing oncoming traffic. usual pattern strobe light located center each traffic lane. located center roadway, near parking lane. Placement roadway designed outside normal traffic tire travel wear pattern reduce wear abuse strobe light module housings. crosswalk pattern markings roadway surface offset from strobe light locations. dark roadway surface acts contrasting background, enhancing viewability amber strobe lights motorists bright sunlight conditions. Figure illustrates conceptual two-lane, four-lane intersection. There strobe light modules along sides each pedestrian crosswalk across four lane roadway. There
strobe modules along sides crosswalks across lane roadway. outer-most strobe modules placed parking lanes, angled inwards easily seen motorists down roadway. Both sets amber strobe lights flash simultaneously signal motorists approaching from both directions that crosswalk occupied. They have flash rate once every (300 OFF). light beam angles horizontal vertical, cover down roadway motoristviewing-distance-path. anticipated cost in-roadway strobe lighting pedestrian crosswalk about 1/5th installation cost conventional HAND WALKING PERSON pedestrian signals. Costs high $100,000 eight pedestrian signal heads
Details Roadway Installation
illustration Figure shows mid-block crosswalk, across four-lane roadway, that
PARKING LANE STROBE LIGHT MODULES
STROBE LIGHT MODULES
SIDE WALK
PEDESTRIAN POLE WITH PUSH BUTTONS BEAM INTERRUPTS
STRIPED PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALK WALK
Figure Conceptual Two-Lane, Four-Lane Intersection Strobe Light Installation.
large 4-way intersection.
Minimum Length Motorist-ViewingDistance-Path
minimum stopping distance pavement, posted speed limit, determines minimum physical length motorist-viewing-distance path. This minimum stopping distance includes motorist decision distance, based second reaction time, plus necessary speed deceleration distance required come complete stop listed Table example, determined from Table minimum motorist-viewing-distance-path
pavement roadway with speed limit feet. This distance would allow motorist visually recognize
flashing lights, slow down, and, necessary, bring his/ vehicle complete, safe stop before traveling
Table Minimum Vehicle Stopping Distance Pavement Posted Speed Limit Second Reaction Time feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet Braking Distance feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet Total Stopping Distance feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet
into crosswalk area.
Development Field Testing Santa Rosa, California
In-roadway amber strobe lighting identify occupied pedestrian crosswalks oncoming motorists under development Light Guard Systems Windsor, California, being field tested City Santa Rosa, California. field testing program, months study during calendar years 1994 1995) strictly determine in-roadway pedestrian strobe lighting will significantly reduce vehicle pedestrian accidents crosswalks, providing ample warning motorists. reader must understand that in-roadway amber strobe lighting pedestrian crosswalks preliminary stages development testing. been proven effective reducing accidents approved agencies such California Traffic Control Devices Committee (CTCDC) Federal Highway Administration. (FHWA). City Santa Rosa identified three pedestrian crosswalks installation inroadway amber strobe lighting field testing. three locations nonsignaled intersections, selected basis high pedestrian vehicle use. locations elementary school crosswalks, location Proctor Terrace School Bryden Lane other Matanzas School Yulupa Avenue. other location crosswalk Howarth Memorial City Park
Summerfield Road, busy fourlane roadway where number fatal vehicle/pedestrian accidents have occurred. Installation elementary school crosswalks completed 1994. Installation Summerfield Road location completed April 1995. Preliminary results from elementary school locations have been very positive. Motorists polled agree that indeed inroadway amber strobe lighting does catch their attention they then slow down, looking pedestrian crosswalk front them.
could approve installation amber strobe lighting pedestrian crosswalks State California. Based this, FHWA could make strobe lighting pedestrian crosswalks standard throughout United States. would also necessitate need written standards adopted, published Manual Uniform Traffic Control Devices. more information concerning this amber strobe lighting program pedestrian crosswalks, contact:
Michael Harrison Light Guard Systems Motorists have also indicated 10992 Ruso Drive excellent viewability inWindsor, 95492 roadway flashing amber 1-(707) 838-0745 (phone strobe lights foul weather FAX) conditions (e.g., during heavy rain fog). lights provide Salvatore Rosano, ample warning when crossChief Police walk occupied. School children Santa Rosa Police Department elementary school Sonoma Ave. crossings have observed motorP.O. 1678 ists longer "zoom" their Santa Rosa, 95402-1678 school, slow down signifi1-(707) 543-3559 cantly when in-roadway FAX: (707) 543-3557 amber strobe lights flashing. Eugene Benton, Traffic Engineer City Santa Rosa Motorists familiar with Public Works Department school crosswalks that have Stony Circle amber strobe lighting Santa Rosa, 95401 installed indicate they tend 1-(707) 543-3814 drive slower when approaching FAX: 1-(707) 543-3801 crosswalk. They anticipate flashing lights coming more application support pedestrian (school child) steps information United States onto crosswalk front Canada call: them. (408) 435-4444 City Santa Rosa, Caltrans, FHWA will evaluating results this field testing program. Should results positive, CTCDC
technical assistance location your nearest Hewlett-Packard sales office, distributor representative call: Americas/Canada: 1-800-235-0312 East/Australasia: (65) 290-6305 Japan: 3331-6111 Europe: Call your local sales office listed your telephone directory. Components representative. Data Subject Change Copyright 1995 Hewlett-Packard Printed U.S.A. 5964-3904E (10/95)

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