MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING INTRODUCTION CORE I/O-PORTS, INTERRUPTS
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ST62 MICROCONTOLLER TRAINING
MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
INTRODUCTION CORE I/O-PORTS, INTERRUPTS ADDRESSING MODES PERIPHERALS SOFTWARE TOOLS HARDWARE TOOLS TIPS TRICKS
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 BLOCK DIAGRAM
INTERRUPT CLOCK RESET ANALOG ANALOG
CONVERTER
CONTROL REGISTER
RESULT REGISTER CORE
CORE CONTROL SIGNALS
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 CONVERTER
CONVERSION SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS RESOLUTION WITH TOTAL ACCURACY CONVERSION TIME INTERRUPT ISSUED CONVERSION POWERED DOWN SOFTWARE REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION EXAMPLE: Conversion 0010 0000 RESULT: 0001 1110 0001 1111 0010 0001 0010 0010 RESULT 6-bit RESOLUTION 0010 0000 0010 0001
0010 0010 0010 0011
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
CONVERTER
APPLICATION TIPS
ACCURACY DECREASES BELOW CLOCK FREQUENCY (e.g. 32kHz, ACCURACY 8BITS LSB) NEVER CONFIGURE MORE THAN CHANNEL TIME ANALOG INPUT LEAVE LEAST INSTRUCTION BETWEEN POWER START CONVERSION (SETTING TIME) BEST RESULTS, WAIT MODE ENABLE ADC-INTERRUPT, AVOID TOGGLING OUTPUTS CLEAR INTERRUPT CONDITION SOFTWARE PREVENT FURTHER INTERRUPTS (DISABLE INTERRUPT START CONVERSION) MINIMUM POWER CONSUMPTION POWER DOWN (PDS=0
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
configuration example
Fill ADCR register order power peripheral, enable interrupt start conversion.
reserved ADCR reserved
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE
CONFIGURATION
CSEG 880h ANALOG INPUT. Start Conversion. Output result PORTB reset: ddra, 00000000b PORTA input with pullup dra, 00000001b Only input without pullup ora, 00000001b Only Analog input ddrb, 0FFh orb, 000h drb, 000h adcr, adcr, 0B0h reti ior,10h loop: loop PORTB Output Opendrain change change Power enable interrupt conversion Quit mode after reset Enables interrupts.
wait interrupt
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION
INTERRUPT ROUTINE adc_it: adcr, disable interrupt a,adr Conversion result drb,a Output Result PORTB reti INTERRUPT VECTORS CSEG 0ff0h adc: timer: res: reset CSEG 0ffeh
adc_it reti
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
CURRENT INJECTION ANALOG PINS
Care taken about negative current injection pins which have analog feature. small leakage induced adjacent pins. negative current injection performed close analog input selected decrease accuracy converter. RECOMMENDATION -1ma current injection maximum impedance recommended analog sources.
Application notes available AN420 AN672
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 WATCHDOG
Block diagram
RESET
RSFF
DB1.7 LOAD
OSCILLATOR CLOCK
WRITE RESET DATA
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 WATCHDOG
PROVIDES CONTROLLED RECOVERY FROM SOFT- HARDWARE UPSET WATCHDOG OPTIONS Hardware activation Maximum safety Software activation watchdog needed (STOP mode requested) AUTO DECREMENTING COUNTER GENERATES RESET WHEN REACHES ZERO Software must reload watchdog avoid Reset WATCHDOG PERIOD ADJUSTED SELECTING RELOAD VALUE From 3072 196608 clock cycles between successive reload 384µs 24.576ms with Quartz
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 WATCHDOG
USAGE watchdog should reloaded only point main program. account should reloaded interrupt routine subroutine loop. Therefore necessary calculate exactly timing subroutines interrupt routines. each external signal "time out"-condition must assigned. flags each subroutine they were finished correctly. Check flags before reloaded next time. they set, make reset!
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 WATCHDOG
PROPER
CONTROL WATCHDOG STATUS BEGINNING PROGRAM
reset generated otherwise instructions:
DWDR, DWDR, 0FDh unexpectedly activated YES, generate reset
WHEN WATCHDOG USED (HARDWARE SOFTWARE): value beginning program high security applications use:
0FEh DWDR 0FEh DWDR, 0FDh Check WDtimer content maximum 111111xx? NOT, generate reset
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DATA
8-BIT COUNTER SELECT
STATUS/CONTROL REGISTER
TOUT DOUT
TIMER
INTERRUPT LINE SYNCHRONIZATION LOGIC
LATCH
OSCILLATOR CLOCK
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 STANDARD TIMER
DOWN COUNTER PROGRAMMABLE PRESCALER MASKABLE INTERRUPT LINE COUNT EXTERNAL TIMER OPERATING MODES: Input gated mode pulse width measurement) Input event counter mode event counting) Output mode time base generation) TIMER STOPPED SOFTWARE
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER
WORKING PRINCIPLE PRESCALER
PRESCALER INPUT On-chip oscillator (F/12) External clock TIMER DECREMENTS RISING EDGE INPUT CLOCK OUTPUTS MULTIPLEXED BITS CLOCK) TSCR REGISTER DETERMINES DIVISION FACTOR 128) TSCR ACTIVATES PRESCALER WHEN HIGH PRESCALER VALUE (00H 7FH) LOADED INTO REGISTER MULTIPLEXER OUTPUT DECREMENTS 8-BIT COUNTER
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER
WORKING PRINCIPLE TIMER COUNTER
DECREMENTED RISING EDGE FROM PRESCALER READ/WRITTEN REGISTER TSCR COUNT TSCR ENABLES END-OF-COUNT INT3 INTERRUPT ROUTINE TWO-TIMER DEVICES (ST624X) MUST POLL BOTH BITS AUTOMATICALLY CONTINUES COUNT FROM 0FFH
Note: Interrupts must enabled also register
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER
OPERATING MODES
TIMER CONFIGURATION MADE THROUGH TSCR REGISTER CLOCK INPUT MODE (TOUT=0,DOUT=0)
Prescaler decremented incoming rising edges from TIMER Allows event counting TIMER frequency must less than Fosc MHz)
GATED MODE (TOUT=0,DOUT=1)
Prescaler decremented timer clock only whenTIMER high. Allows pulse width measurement
OUTPUT MODE (TOUT=1,DOUT=data out)
TIMER connected DOUT latch Prescaler decremented timer clock When goes high, DOUT copied into TIMER pin, allowing external signal generation
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER EXAMPLE
PSCR
PSCR (TSCR)
START TIMER (PSI='1')
TIMER OVERFLOW
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 TIMER
OVERFLOW TIMING FREQUENCY RANGE
Frequency overflow
PRESCALER DIVISION
Fosc
4MHZ
PERIOD OVERFLOW FREQ
8MHZ
PERIOD OVERFLOW FREQ
384us 768us 1.536ms 3.072ms 6.14ms 12.28ms 24.57ms 49.15ms
2.604Khz 1.302Khz 651Hz 325Hz 162Hz 81.5Hz 40.7Hz 20.3Hz
768us 1.536ms 3.072ms 6.14ms 12.28ms 24.57ms 49.15ms 98.3ms
1.302Khz 651Hz 325Hz 162Hz 81.5Hz 40.7Hz 20.3Hz 10.1Hz
EXAMPLE:
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
Timer Example
Fill TSCR registers order configure timer that outputs when interrupt occurs after 10ms.
TOUTDOUT
TSCR
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE TIMER
CONFIGURATION
CSEG 0880h TIMER Output mode output '0', '1', '0', after certain time reset: reti ior,10h tcr,count tscr,01101100b Enables interrupts. (prescaler div) (count) Configure Start timer. Enable Timer interrupt, Output '0', count 0fah Wait interrupt. Continue.
loop:
wait loop
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE TIMER CONFIGURATION
TIMER INTERRUPT ROUTINE timer_it: tcr,count Reload counter. tmz,tscr Refresh Timer Interrupt (bit7). dout,tscr,lo_hi Check status dout (bit4). low, high next time. hi_lo: dout,tscr dout next time. end_tim lo_hi: dout,tscr dout next time. end_tim: reti INTERRUPT VECTORS CSEG 0ff2h timer: timer_it
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PRESCALER
CAPT RELOAD
OVERFLOW
ARTIMin
COUNTER
ARTIMout
COMPARE
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
COUNTER WITH PROGRAMMABLE PRESCALER MAXIMUM CLOCK FREQUENCY Fosc Enables high frequency MASKABLE INTERRUPT LINE OPERATING MODES Autoreload, Time basis Output compare Input capture, time measurement Output compare Input capture, reset, period measurement Output compare Reload external event, USED STOP MODE WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK Autoreload timer used wake
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
AUTORELOAD MODE WITH
OUTPUT WHEN OVERFLOW OCCURS OUTPUT RESET WHEN COMPARE INTERRUPTS GENERATED OVERFLOW AND/OR COMPARE CLOCK SOURCE Fint, Fint/3, ARTIMin
Application note available AN590
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
EXAMPLE AUTORELOAD WITH
COUNT
EXAMPLE: need Fpwm 12Khz Duty Fosc 4Mhz Clock Presc. 2Mhz
COMP.
RELOAD
Resol 0.6% Fosc/(Clock Prescaler div) Fpwm Fin/(255-RC) Resolution 1/(255-RC) must small possible small possible Duty Cycle (CP-RC)/(255-RC)
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
CAPTURE MODE WITH
INPUT "CAPTURED" ACTIVE EDGE ARTIMin OUTPUT WHEN OVERFLOW OCCURS OUTPUT RESET WHEN COMPARE INTERRUPTS GENERATED OVERFLOW/COMPARE/CAPTURE CLOCK SOURCE Fint, Fint/3
Application note available AN591
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
EXAMPLE CAPTURE MODE WITH
COUNT
COMP CAPT-1 CAPT-2 RELOAD INPUT
PULSE WIDTH (255 CAPT1) (CAPT2 -RELOAD)
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
CAPTURE/COMPARE/RESET MODE
INPUT "CAPTURED" ACTIVE EDGE ARTIMin CAPTURE EVENT RESETS COUNTER PRESCALER OUTPUT OVERFLOW OUTPUT RESET WHEN COMPARE INTERRUPTS GENERATED OVERFLOW/COMPARE/CAPTURE CLOCK SOURCE Fint, Fint/3
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
EXAMPLE CAPTURE/RESET MODE
COUNT
CAPT-2 CAPT-1 COMP
INPUT
PERIOD CAPT2
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
EXTERNAL LOAD/COMPARE MODE
COUNTER RELOADED ACTIVE EDGE ARTIMin OUTPUT OVERFLOW OUTPUT RESET WHEN COMPARE INTERRUPTS GENERATED OVERFLOW AND/OR COMPARE CLOCK SOURCE Fint, Fint/3 APPLICATION: EXTERNAL SYNCHRONISATION
Application note available AN592
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
COUNT
EXAMPLE EXTERNAL LOAD MODE
COMP
RELOAD INPUT
SHIFT PHASE
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE: GENERATION
TIMIN input receives 15Khz digital signal Fosc 8Mhz) NEED: 15Khz signal with 19us delay duty cycle TIMIN
161, 211.255 211.255
TIMOUT
PERIOD1 TVAR
PERIOD2
PHASE SHIFT DELAY PERIOD TVAR DUTY CYCLE =100% PERIOD
CONDITION: TVAR PERIOD 0.125 0.375us
15Khz PERIOD 66.7us BEST RESOL. 66.7us 0.26us PRESC RATIO PERIOD 66.7us 0.375us DUTY CYCLE 19us TVAR
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
AUTO-RELOAD TIMER
FEATURES
HIGH SPEED maximum resolution 125ns @8MHz clock HIGH DEGREE ACCURACY jitter SOFTWARE OVERHEAD capture compare reset hardware VARIETY INTERRUPT SOURCES overflow, capture, compare
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 8-BIT ARTIMER
OVERFLOW TIMING FREQUENCY RANGE
Frequency overflow
PRESCALER DIVISION
Fosc (256 RLCP)
8MHZ RLCP
PERIOD OVERFLOW FREQ
8MHZ RLCP
PERIOD OVERFLOW FREQ
125ns 250ns 500ns 16us
8Mhz 4Mhz 2Mhz 1Mhz 500Khz 250Khz 125Khz 62.5Khz
96us 192us 384us 768us 1.536ms 3.072ms 6.144ms 12.288ms
10.416Khz 5.208Khz 2.604Khz 1.302Khz 651Hz 325.5Hz 162.76Hz 81.38Hz
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
Auto-reload timer example
Configure ARTIMER auto-reload mode with PWM. Fpwm=100KHz Duty cycle= Fosc= 8MHz
TCLD PWMOE CPIE OVIE ARMC1 ARMC0
ARMC
ARSC1 ARRC ARCP
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 EEPROM
WRITE CYCLES GUARANTEED INTERNAL CHARGE PUMP Provides required high voltage READ ACCESS USER TRANSPARENT Behaviour like normal access WRITE ACCESS TYPICAL erase required before writing WRITE ACCESS MODES: Byte Parallel
Application note available AN671
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 EEPROM
PARALLEL MODE USED WRITE CONSECUTIVE BYTES Same time writing byte PARALLEL PROGRAMMING: parallel mode enable EECTL Write data into (partially fully) parallel start EECTL start operation
ROW7 ROW6 ROW5 ROW4 ROW3 ROW2 ROW1 ROW0 EEPROM Parallel Write Structure
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
38H-3FH 30H-37H 28H-2FH 20H-27H 18H-1FH 10H-17H 08H-0FH 00H-07H
ST62 EEPROM
Registers
EECTL: EEPROM Control Register (Address EAh)
Unused E2OFF Reserved Reserved E2PAR1 E2PAR2 E2BUSY E2ENA Stand-by Enable Must Must Parallel Start Parallel Mode Enable EEPROM Busy EEPROM Enable
DRBR: Data Bank Register (Address
Unused Data Bank (page Unused EEPROM Bank (page EEPROM Bank (page
Don't SET/RES instructions these registers, because some bits WRITE only!!!
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EEPROM configuration example
Fill DRBR EECTL registers order select EEPROM page power EEPROM enable parallel writing.
DRBR4 DRBR1 DRBR0
DRBR
E2PA E2PA E2BU E2OFF
EECTL
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE EEPROM CONFIGURATION
EEPROM READ/WRITE ROUTINE start: address Select eeprom address eectl, Turn eeprom (e2off '0') drbr, Select Page EEPROM read: busyread: eectl, busyread eectl, write1: busyrd: endwrite: content eectl, 00000001b eectl, busyrd (x), eectl, endwrite eectl, Check eeprom currently busy Read content selected address eeprom consumption mode value programmed Enable eeprom writing (e2ena '1') Check eeprom currently busy Load content check busy writing eeprom consumption mode
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE EEPROM CONFIGURATION
EEPROM PARALLEL WRITE ROUTINE start: eectl, Turn eeprom (e2off '0') drbr, Select Page EEPROM Pwrite: busyrd: eectl, busyrd eectl, 00000101b endwrite: 06h, 01h, 04h, eectl, 00001101b Check eeprom currently busy Enable eeprom parallel writing e2ena e2par2 row0: write address row0: write address row0: write address Start eeprom Parallel writing (e2par1) check busy writing eeprom consumption mode
eectl, endwrite eectl,
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 DRIVERS
WIDE RANGE DRIVING CAPABILITIES SEGMENTS (ST624X) DOTS (ST628X) SOFTWARE PROGRAMMABLE MULTIPLEX RATIO 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, (ST624X) 1/8, 1/11, 1/16 (ST628X) DIRECT CONNECTION DISPLAY external components required KEPT STOP MODE Clocked 32KHz oscillator typical consumption (Vdd Vlcd Volt)
Application note available AN678
32KHz oscillator featured particular device
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST628X SIGNALS
1/16 Multiplex, Bias
COM1
VLCD
COMMONS
COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 COM6 COM7 COM8
COM2
COM16
SEG1
COM9 COM10 COM11 COM12 COM13 COM14 COM15 COM16
SEG2 frame period clocks
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
SEG1 SEG2 SEG3 SEG4 SEG5 SEG6
SEGMENTS
ST628X DRIVER ADDRESSING
PAGE addr addr addr addr addr
PAGES
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 DRIVER
ADDRESSING
Data Address
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
display data ST6245 (But used general purpose RAM) display data ST6245/42 (But used general purpose RAM)
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
ST62 DRIVER
EXAMPLE
COM1 COM2
ADDRESS COM1 COM2
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION
DISPLAY ROUTINE start: call fill clear LMCR, 10110110b select duty cycle com1, com2 display with fosc%256 (8Mhz) select fLCD 512hz (256hz duty 1/2) m_disp: 0e2h, 11110010b Write character (F2h) 0e8h, 01011101b Write character (5Dh) fill: write: 0f7h (x), 0dfh jrnz write
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS USED FOR: Remote Diagnostics/Control e.g. RS232 Interfacing peripherals e.g. Microwire/I2C EEPROMs Interprocessor communications e.g. Synchronous exchanges with host DONE? Software standard port Serial Peripheral Interface ST624X Enhanced ST626X UART ST623X ST628X (UART1) Enhanced UART ST6218 ST6228 (UART2)
Application notes available AN914, AN1016 AN1127
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING COMM_010
ST624X
BLOCK DIAGRAM
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
SERIAL INTERFACE
ST624X
CONSISTS PINS (shared with PB5, SCL: Shift Clock SIN: Serial Data Input SOUT: Serial Data Output USES DEDICATED REGISTER 8-BIT TRANSMIT/RECEIVE DATA PROTOCOL LARGELY USER SOME POSSIBLE MODES INCLUDE: Software S-BUS (SIN SOUT tied together) Standard Serial 500kHz
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
COMM_040
ST624X
USAGE
INITIALISATION port pins SCL, inputs, SOUT open drain output interrupt falling edge sensitive RECEIVE Poll receive start flag any) Write SDSR enable interrupt After received clocks interrupt generated Data then read from SDSR (also disables interrupt) Check stop flags any)
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
TRANSMIT
ST624X
USAGE
Generate transmit start flags any) Write data SDSR (thus enabling interrupt) Clock must sent SCL: either external clock (slave), generated software (master) After clocks interrupt generated Read SDSR (also disables interrupt) Generate stop flags any)
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
Fosc/13
ST626X
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SPI-DIV REGISTER
CLK-DIVIDER
SPI-DIV REGISTER
COUNTER
Interrupt
FILTER
CLOCK
FILTER
SHIFT REGISTER
processor data
SOUT
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
SERIAL INTERFACE
ST626X
SIMILAR ST624X SPI, WITH ENHANCED FEATURES REDUCE SOFTWARE OVERHEAD CONSISTS PINS (shared with PC2, SIN: Serial Data Input SOUT: Serial Data Output SCL: Serial Data Clock input: slave mode; output pushpull: master mode
CLOCK PHASE POLARITY PROGRAMMED NUMBER BITS BURST CONFIGURED
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART
BLOCK DIAGRAM
transmission only
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART
BAUDRATE TABLE
Only available enhanced UART
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART
Integrated clock divider provides common baud rates 38.400 baud with external oscillator) Half-Duplex operating mode Different character options possible:
Start Start Start Start Data Data Data Data Software Parity Parity Parity Software Parity Stop Stop Stop Stop
This peripheral available ST623x ST628XB
(MSB) (LSB)
STOP
START
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART
Integrated clock divider provides common baud rates 76.800 baud with external oscillator) Half-Duplex operating mode frame option bytes selectable Different character options possible:
tart tart tart tart tart tart tart rity rity rity Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop Stop
This peripheral available ST6218 ST6228
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART TYPE UART1 UART2 FRAME TYPE
UART SUMMARY
SET-UP Push-pull Push-pull high Push-pull INVERTED EMISSION BAUD RATE 38400 76800 76800
frame type selectable thanks option bytes mode, allow RS232 communication, external inverter connected between RS232 driver. allow full speed reception, time selected baud rate must added between frames.
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
UART
Data send: 10100101 push pull high Frame: start, data, stop Terminal config: baud rate, parity, stop. Data send: 101001011 (the ninth used stop bit) push pull inverter between RS232 driver added Frame: start, data, stop Terminal config: baud rate, parity, stop.
RS232 standard frame frame)
Start Stop
frame (inverted frame)
Without external inverter
Start Stop
With external inverter
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
UART
EXAMPLE UART
CONFIGURATION
UART RECEIVE ROUTINE USING STOP start: ddrd, 00100000b (pc4) input pullup mode ord, 00100000b (pc5) output pushpull drd, 00100000b UARTCR, 00100000b enable receive interrupt loop: wait loop
;********* UART INTERRUPT ROUTINE ********************* it_uart: UARTCR stop receive request UARTCR, end_it check data valid =>discard UARTDR Stock received valid data other actions end_it: reti
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
SUMMARY
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS EASY SOFTWARE: Routine available Applications Library ST624X: Using ST626X: Using enhanced ST623X ST628X: Using UART ST6218 ST6228: Using Enhanced UART
GENERAL PURPOSE MICROCONTROLLER TRAINING COMM_150
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