AN6004 following Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) customers eval

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AN6004 following Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) customers eval

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT IBIS5 DEVICE
AN6004
following Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) customers evaluating IBIS5 devices. IBIS5 member Cypress's industrial high-performance image sensor family. These cursory answers will serve introduction each topic. Separate application notes cover some these topics more detail. information this application note applies IBIS5-A, IBIS5-AE IBIS5-B devices. Table Contents does dual (multiple) slope extended dynamic range mode work? program signaling windowing X-and Y-direction? What's difference between YL_REG YR_REG registers? Should they both loaded with same value?. What shortest integration time that programmed?. SYS_CLOCK clocked above MHz? there correction on-chip?. there analog outputs (PXL_OUT1 PXL_OUT2)? there kind pipeline delay? possible connect supplies with +3.3V? What cause white spots/areas bottom images from IBIS5-A(E)?. images tend saturate towards bottom what PLS? there line irregularities (horizontally) that change from frame frame? Which parameters uploaded safely during operation? There large amounts column non-uniformities, this normal? does TIME_OUT signal appear even when SS_START asserted? What's cause banding image rolling shutter mode? there VHDL test bench available IBIS5 sequencer? there design guides IBIS5-B PCB?. What fill factor IBIS5 improved? there demo system available what cost)? does dual (multiple) slope extended dynamic range mode work? Dual slope method extend dynamic range normally linear-transfer imager, combining images taken with long integration time (dark areas scene) short integration time (bright areas scene) into image. resulting electro-optical transfer curve bi-linear. Multiple slope extension resulting multi-linear transfer curve with multiple knee points. application note containing detailed information available request.
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Figure Multiple Slope Integration
program signaling windowing X-and Y-direction? integrated timing control circuit IBIS allows size window (Region Interest; ROI) position within pixel array read out. This speed reading time because only read therefore will frame rate incremented. Windowing possible both Y-direction involved signalling register settings concerning windowing described below. Figure Windowing
Internal registers involved with windowing
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Table Register names comments: Register name
NROF_PIXELS NROF_LINES X_REG YL_REG Number lines count (length ROI) start position 2!!!; maximum 639) start position
Comment
Number pixels count (width 1!!!)
Note: YR_REG register YL_REG register. registers have minimum value maximum value (`endvalue'-1) example when 300x200 with starting points desired; following register values required: NROF_PIXELS: NROF_LINES: X_REG: YL_REG YR_REG:
these registers loaded correct will read special signalling applied. It's also possible make jumps both Y-direction during read out. Making X-jump during read described below. Figure X-jump Timing
SYS_CLOCK Y_START Y_CLOCK PIXEL_VALID X_LOAD REG_LOAD
(internal)
Tload pointer upload
Tload pointer upload
X_LOAD pulse overrides internal X_SYNC signal, loading X-pointer (stored X_REG register) into Xshift-register. X_LOAD pulse appear falling edge SYS_CLOCK remain SYS_CLOCK cycles high overlapping rising edges SYS_CLOCK. rising edges SYS_CLOCK X-pointer loaded. Tload defined from register load rising edge X_LOAD. depends settling time register X-decoder. Simulations show that Tload should longer than Make sure that when X-jumps required X_REG register loaded fast enough. actual time load register depends interface mode that used. parallel interface fastest interface available.
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Table Interface modes loads Interface Mode
Parallel interface Serial Wire Serial Wire data rate) data rate)
Tload
(about SYS_CLOCK cycles)
Y-jumps done simultaneous described below. Figure Y-jump Timing
Start frame SYS_CLOCK Y_START Y_CLOCK PIXEL_VALID LAST_LINE
Line
Line
Line
Line
YL/YR_REG upload
Y-pointer loaded into Y-shift-register, reapplying Y_START pulse after loading Y-pointer value into YL_REG YR_REG registers. Every time Y_START pulse appears; frame calibration (slow fast depending selected mode) output amplifier done. What's difference between YL_REG YR_REG registers? Should they both loaded with same value? YL_REG start position left Y-pointer; YR_REG start position right Y-pointer. almost cases both registers should loaded with same value start Y-value each frame). Only rolling shutter mode could useful different values both registers. What shortest integration time that programmed? When SS_START asserted takes granulated clock cycles apply control signals sequencer, reset image core start integration. During this initial clock cycles INT_TIME register starts counting. This means that minimal integration time when INT_TIME (INT_TIME always This minimal integration time thus granulated SS-sequencer clock cycle.
Granularity Granularity Minimum integration time
minimal integration time programmable rolling shutter mode read time row. Integration time ns*(#pixels/row)) 34.5 (for whole 1240 pixels) SYS_CLOCK clocked above MHz? IBIS5 sequencer tested still returned image acceptable quality. course noise figures increases with frequency non-linear response grey values will occur these high frequencies.
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there correction on-chip? IBIS5 image sensor provides on-chip double sampling correction.
there analog outputs (PXL_OUT1 PXL_OUT2)? Outputs were designed debugging reasons seemed unnecessary. possible them both want send even pixels lines) outputs instance. There speed gain when using outputs because outputs halved output rate. could that there's less noise when outputs used (this will tested future).
there kind pipeline delay? There's pipeline delay clock cycles digital output (ADC_OUT<9.0>). This delay delay clock cycles analog part image sensor delay clock cycles ADC; clock cycles total. Figure Pipeline Delay
Figure shows that takes clock cycles after rising edge PIXEL_VALID output word first pixel ADC_OUT<9.0>. Figure shows this delay measured oscilloscope (the analog output swing full output swing).
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Figure Pipeline Delay Oscilloscope
possible connect supplies with +3.3V? IBIS5 sensor still works when supplies connected +3.3V (VDDD, VDDA, VDDC, VDDH, VDDR_LEFT VDDR_RIGHT). output swing will decrease course. Recommended supply considerations shown <italic>Table (see also data sheets):
Table Recommended Supplies Name VDDH VDDR_LEFT VDDC VDDD VDDA GNDD GNDA GNDAB Value 4.5V 4.5V 3.0V 3.3V 3.3V 0.0V 0.0V <0.5V
What cause white spots/areas bottom images from IBIS5-A(E)? white spots bottom images seen Figure undershoot ADC_CLOCK input (pin 58). undershoot this signal below -0.6V, protection diode will forward biased current injected into substrate chip. These free electrons captured photo diodes area. devices suffer more from this since they have thicker epi-layer which collects more electrons generated deep into substrate. solution this small capacitor instance) remove undershoot ADC_CLOCK input signal.
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Figure Spot Clock Undershoot
images tend saturate towards bottom what PLS? This effect called (parasitic Light Sensitivity) only apparent SS-mode. seen gradient image, Figure Figure Gradient
sensitivity storage capacitor, which holds voltage value photodiode, within pixel light after integration time before data read out. Since image rows readout from bottom, storage capacitors bottom rows will more exposed light than capacitors will tend saturate. order cancel this effect image sensor should shielded from light after integration time. There metal shield storage capacitor minimize this effect. Figure cross section 4T-pixel.
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Figure 4T-pixel Cross Section Metal Shield Light
Storage Capacitor
there line irregularities (horizontally) that change from frame frame? This most likely caused noise that present supply voltages. image sensor power supply rejection on-chip noise these supplies copied directly analog pixel signal. pixels sampled line line will visible line noise. Make sure that supplies well decoupled that every sensor supply decoupled with close possible sensor (preferably cm). schematics evaluation kits reference design. Which parameters uploaded safely during operation? Only parameters involving start positions (X_REG YL_REG) could uploaded during operation. Other parameters should uploaded after whole integrate read sequence avoid sequencer problems. There large amounts column non-uniformities, this normal? read pointer still selecting line during global reset next frame reset columns will corrupted which will visible after integration column non-uniformities. Figure Images Test Chart with (center, right) without (left) Column Non-uniformities
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left image read pointer completely shifted pixel array that pointer doesn't select line during global reset, which results column non-uniformities. middle right images read pointer still selecting line during global reset, which introduces column non-uniformities. Column non-uniformities shown images above also introduced different intervals between successive images. recommended timing below will also solve this kind non-uniformity. make sure that read pointer isn't selecting line during global reset propose adapted timing synchronous shutter mode (single slope mode). Figure shows standard timing explained data sheets IBIS5-1300. Figure shows adapted timing. Figure Standard Single Slope Integration Timing
SYS_CLOCK SS_START SS_STOP TIME_OUT Y_START Y_CLOCK
Tint
Figure Adapted Timing
SYS_CLOCK SS_START SS_STOP TIME_OUT Y_START Y_CLOCK Y_REG upload: Y_REG=1023 Tint
Y_REG upload: Y_REG Y-start position
Should minimal blanking time (the blanking time depends X-granularity; data sheets 4.3.1 Basic operation timing).
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During this time, SS-sequencer applies control signals reset image core start integration. This takes granulated SS-sequencer clock periods. integration time counter starts counting first rising edge after falling edge SYS_CLOCK. SS-sequencer puts image core readable state. takes granulated SS-sequencer clock periods. "real" integration exposure time.
Tint
make sure that line selected during global reset, value 1023 (decimal value; hexadecimal value 3FF) uploaded YL_REG YR_REG registers before assertion first Y_START. This will select last line when Y_START asserted with Y_CLOCK; pulsing second Y_CLOCK will shift read pointer shift register before global reset occurs. Between falling edge first Y_START rising edge SS_STOP pulse should upload YL(R)_REG registers (registers with start ROI. Note that this additional Y_START sequence will delay between trigger event actual start integration. This delay equal twice blanking time (2*3.5 with minimal X-granularity). indicated time Figure takes another granular clock periods after SS_START before pixels actual start integrate. does TIME_OUT signal appear even when SS_START asserted? TIME_OUT signal generated counter which driven system clock. counter will assert TIME_OUT signal whenever value INT_TIME reached. SS_START will only counter other words, apply system clock TIME_OUT signal will appear when counter reaches value INT_TIME. What's cause banding image rolling shutter mode? banding shown Figure caused when vertical blanking used increase integration time (delaying assertion Y_START). When left Y-shift register points image array, Y_START pulse will reset this shift register. Y_START asserted, left Y-shift register will clocked array while right Y-shift register keeps resetting lines. This causes reset voltage offset pixel. Both Y-shift registers should always pointing array eliminate this effect. When integration times longer than frame readout time required, should apply horizontal blanking, i.e., program additional delay times each row. very important that Y_START Y_CLOCK pulses asserted with always same interval. Figure Banding Caused Vertical Blanking
there VHDL test bench available IBIS5 sequencer? VHDL test bench IBIS5 sequencer available demand. there design guides IBIS5-B PCB? Please examine schematics evaluation kits reference design.
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What fill factor IBIS5 improved? fill factor approximately this achieved patented n-well pixel technology. This technology turns most chip's silicon into light-sensitive area. there demo system available what cost)? Demo systems available ordered demand. Contact your local sales office more information.
March 2007, Cypress recataloged Application Notes using documentation number revision code. This documentation number revision code (001-14797, beginning with rev. *A), located footer document, will used subsequent revisions.
Cypress Semiconductor Champion Court Jose, 95134-1709 Phone: 408-943-2600 Fax: 408-943-4730 http://www.cypress.com Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2005-2007. information contained herein subject change without notice. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation assumes responsibility circuitry other than circuitry embodied Cypress product. does convey imply license under patent other rights. Cypress products warranted intended used medical, life support, life saving, critical control safety applications, unless pursuant express written agreement with Cypress. Furthermore, Cypress does authorize products critical components life-support systems where malfunction failure reasonably expected result significant injury user. inclusion Cypress products life-support systems application implies that manufacturer assumes risk such doing indemnifies Cypress against charges. This Source Code (software and/or firmware) owned Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) protected subject worldwide patent protection (United States foreign), United States copyright laws international treaty provisions. Cypress hereby grants licensee personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable license copy, use, modify, create derivative works compile Cypress Source Code derivative works sole purpose creating custom software firmware support licensee product used only conjunction with Cypress integrated circuit specified applicable agreement. reproduction, modification, translation, compilation, representation this Source Code except specified above prohibited without express written permission Cypress. Disclaimer: CYPRESS MAKES WARRANTY KIND, EXPRESS IMPLIED, WITH REGARD THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, LIMITED IMPLIED WARRANTIES MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Cypress reserves right make changes without further notice materials described herein. Cypress does assume liability arising application product circuit described herein. Cypress does authorize products critical components life-support systems where malfunction failure reasonably expected result significant injury user. inclusion Cypress' product life-support systems application implies that manufacturer assumes risk such doing indemnifies Cypress against charges. limited subject applicable Cypress software license agreement.
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