Anti-Collision compatible with BTG's Supertag Category Protocols Featu

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Anti-Collision compatible with BTG's Supertag Category Protocols Featu

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Multi Frequency Contactless Identification Device
Anti-Collision compatible with BTG's Supertag Category Protocols Features
Implements anti-collision protocols: Fast SWITCH-OFF SLOW-DOWN, FREE-RUNNING used implement frequency inductive coupled transponders, high frequency coupled transponders bifrequency transponders Factory programmed number Eight data rate options: kbit/s kbit/s Eight maximum random delay options data encoding options field frequency: Typically kHz, 13.5 inductive 2.54 Data transmission done amplitude modulation on-chip resonant capacitor On-chip rectifier voltage limiter On-chip oscillator voltage operation down power consumption temperature range
MICROELECTRONIC-MARIN
P4022
These typically applications that inductive coupling transmit energy chip. carrier frequency typically less than kHz. design on-chip rectifier resonance capacitor optimized frequencies order kHz. frequency transponders implemented using just P4022 chip external coil that resonates with on-chip tuning capacitor required carrier frequency. external power storage capacitor added improve reading range. frequency inductive coupled applications typically have lower reading distances lower data rates kbit/s kbit/s kHz). Reading rates transponders second kbit/s attained. High frequency applications those applications that cannot make on-chip rectifier rectify incident energy. Instead, external microwave Schottky diodes required rectify carrier wave. These typically applications that electromagnetic coupling transmit energy chip using carrier frequencies greater than MHz. High frequency transponders implemented using P4022 chip, three microwave diodes printed antenna. external power storage capacitor added improve reading range. High frequency coupled applications typically have higher reading distances higher data rates kbit/s). Reading rates transponders second kbit/s attained. also possible implement transponders that work both high frequency applications (bi-frequency transponders).
DescriptioThe P4022 chip implements patented anticollision protocols both high frequency frequency applications. even possible identify transponders with identical codes, thereby making possible count identical items. chip typically used "passive" transponder applications, i.e. does require battery power source. Instead, powered electromagnetic energy field beam transmitted reader, which received rectified generate supply voltage chip. preprogrammed code transmitted reader varying amount energy that reflected back reader. This done modulating antenna coil, thereby effectively varying load seen reader. frequency applications those applications that make on-chip full wave rectifier bridge rectify incident energy.
Applications
Access control Asset control Licensing Auto-tolling Animal tagging Sports event timing Electronic keys
Typical Operating Configurations
COIL1
COIL2
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Assignment
P4022
P4022
P4022
Figure frequency inductive transponder implementation.
Figure Assignment
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
COIL
Conditions -0.3 +125 1000
P4022
Maximum peak current induced COIL1 COIL2
Maximum voltage induced between Maximum current supplied into Power supply Max. voltage other pads Min. voltage other pads Storage temperature Electrostatic discharge maximum MIL-STD-883C method 3015
whatever reached first
Vmax Vmax TSTORE VESD
Figure Medium frequency (13.56 MHz) inductive transponder implementation. optional. coil antenna (typical value µH). tuning capacitor (typical value
COIL1
Table
P4022
COIL2
Stresses above these listed maximum ratings cause permanent damage device. Exposure beyond specified operating conditions affect device reliability cause malfunction.
Figure High frequency transponder implementation. optional.
Handling Procedures
This device built-in protection against high static voltages electric fields; however, unique properties this device, anti-static precautions should taken other CMOS component. Unless otherwise specified, proper operation only occur when terminal voltages kept within supply voltage range.
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Parameter Maximum coil current voltage coil* voltage
P4022
Units
Operating Conditions
Symbol
Operating temperature COIL VCOIL
Table
voltage coil voltage limited on-chip shunt regulator.
Electrical Characteristics
SUPPLY between unless otherwise specified.
Parameter Supply voltage (VDD VSS) Oscillator frequency Power-on reset threshold Power-on reset threshold Power-on reset hysteresis input time constant Modulation transistor resistance Resonance capacitor Total current consumption from Total current consumption from Total current consumption from Total current consumption from Total current consumption from Total current consumption from TGAP TFREE TFREE TGAP TGAP TDEAD TDEAD FREE-RUNNING mode, VSUPPLY FREE-RUNNING mode, VSUPPLY enabled, VSUPPLY enabled, VSUPPLY SWITCHED-OFF state, VSUPPLY SWITCHED-OFF state, VSUPPLY 106. Symbol Test conditions VSUPPLY VPONR VPONF VSUPPLY between VSUPPLY rising VSUPPLY falling 113. Units
Table
Current Consumptio
total typical current consumption from storage capacitor various modes shown Table below. total current consumption conjunction with size power storage capacitance determines maximum time that transistor turned turned off, before supply voltage drops below thereby resulting power-on reset block resetting chip. This turn determines minimum data rate maximum range. Similarly total storage capacitance total current determine maximum unpowered SWITCHED-OFF state time. second column shows current drawn FREE-RUNNING mode. third column shows current drawn bi-directional protocols, which includes current drawn input pull-up. fourth column shows total current drawn SWITCHED-OFF state. this mode both input shunt regulator draws current from storage capacitor.
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Data Enrate coding (kbit/s) Glitch Glitch
P4022
Bi-directional (pF) 3600 Counting (µF)
Freerunning (pF) 2700
Table counting applications (SWITCH-OFF BTGSupertag) required unpowered time SWITCHED-OFF state determines size capacitor. applications where chip guaranteed stay powered, capacitor size determined data rate. should noted that on-chip capacitance sufficient free-running applications kbit/s, while inductive applications kbit/s require nanofarad externally. Unpowered counting applications will require more than achieve second unpowered time SWITCHED-OFF state.
Supply
Current (Free) (µA)
Current (Bi-directional) (µA)
Current (SWTICHEDOFF state) (µA)
Table Table below shows theoretical storage capacitance required various applications. free-running applications, capacitance required determined data rate encoding method. Only Logic, oscillator draw current Free-running applications. bi-directional protocols, input pull-up also draws current during modulation.
Timing Characteristics
timings derived from on-chip oscillator, which vary 30%.
minimum frequency width single chip clock frequency. reader must however allow spread clock frequencies possible group tags. Therefore minimum width MUTE WAKE-UP signals must bits. High frequency GAPs arbitrarily narrow (specified minimum ns). maximum width single chip bits clock frequency. reader must however allow spread clock frequencies possible group tags. Therefore maximum width MUTE WAKE-UP signals must bits.
Symbol Test conditions THFGAP THFGAP THFGAP TLFGAP TLFGAP Units
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P4022
Parameter High frequency width High frequency width High frequency MUTE WAKE-UP width frequency width frequency MUTE WAKE-UP width separation WAKE-UP signal
Table
Anti-collision Protocol Overview
protocols collection simple fast reliable anti-collision protocols. They allow fast reading large numbers transponders simultaneously using single reader. even possible identify transponders with identical codes, thereby making possible count identical items. Free-running protocol basis BTG-Supertag series protocols that transponders transmit their codes random times reader. just listening recording unique codes when they received, reader eventually detect every tag. reader detects collisions typically checking CRC. This basic protocol known "Freerunning" protocol. requires uniquely coded tags. main advantage that reader design simple, spectrum requirement much less very narrow band required. Bi-directional protocols Allowing bi-directional communication between reader transponders speed basic free-running protocol. Communication from reader transponders achieved turning illuminating energy field short periods. transponders detect these gaps energy transmission interpret them required.
Switch-off Slow-down Modes Reducing effective population transmitting transponders reader field speed free-running protocol. method achieve this either switching transponders slowing them down once they have been detected. achieve this, reader sends signal transponder after code been successfully received. transponder then either switches completely reduces repeat rate until powered down. This reduces number collisions between transponder transmissions, thereby reducing time required read group tags. Switch-off protocol's main advantage that identical transponders counted. P4022 signal implemented consecutive gaps with appropriate timing received specific time after code been transmitted. Fast Mode second method speeding reading tags, inhibit other transponders from transmitting while transponder transmitting. This done sending MUTE signal transponders when start transmission detected. transponders stay muted long enough allow transmission code. This allows transponder that started transmitting complete transmission without collisions. other transponders continue
with their protocols automatically after time out, continue immediately upon detection signal indicating that transmission which caused MUTE been completed.
P4022 MUTE signal implemented single received while transponder transmitting. Protocol combinations
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Protocol saturatio
P4022
Note, however, that unless transponder specifically programmed FREE-RUNNING protocol, input must pulled down. This happens automatically frequency inductive applications, where input pulled down internal detector diode. applications, however, input will have pulled down explicitly. This will consume extra current.
FREE-RUNNING basic bidirectional protocols, SWITCH-OFF SLOWDOWN, combined with Fast protocol give different protocols, i.e. Normal FREE-RUNNING, Normal SLOW-DOWN, Normal SWITCH-OFF, Fast FREE-RUNNING, SLOWDOWN, Fast SWITCH-OFF. following should noted about different protocols: SWITCH-OFF protocols must used counting applications. protocols except SWITCH-OFF protocols have built redundancy because fact that they transmit code more than once. Normal FREE-RUNNING only unidirectional protocol. lowest power spectrum requirement because reader transmits wave. Fast SWITCH-OFF Fast SLOW-DOWN fastest protocols, should used where speed important, where data rate limits reading rate. Fast SLOW-DOWN slightly slower, theoretically lower error rate. inductive applications using kbit/s data rate, Fast SLOW-DOWN probably best overall protocol. applications using kbit/s data rate, normal FREE-RUNNING protocol probably best protocol. Reader determined protocols reader does send MUTE signals transponders that were programmed FAST protocols, protocol merely reverts equivalent normal protocol. Similarly, reader does send signals transponders that were programmed SLOW-DOWN SWITCH-OFF, protocol reverts FREERUNNING protocol. this manner, reader determine protocol that used.
number transponders reader beam increased, number collisions increase, takes longer read tags. This process linear. read twice many transponders could take more than twice long. This effect called protocol saturation. normal FREE-RUNNING protocol saturates easiest protocols, because does have means reducing transmitting population. Fast protocols, other hand, virtually immune against saturation, they prevent collisions muting transponders except transmitting one. delaying onset saturation, reduce initial repeat rate (not data rate) which transponders transmit their codes. This done increasing maximum random delay between transmissions. Seven different settings available from bits kbits. higher setting means will take longer read small number tags, will take larger number transponders saturate communication channel. Table below compares reading times kbit/s number transponders group. each case repeat delay optimised group transponders.
Time transponders Free-running Slow-down Switch-off Fast Free-running Fast Slow-down Fast Switch-off 0.86 0.79 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.78 0.55 0.49 10.8 49.3
Table
Reading rates
Table below compares reading times kbit/s protocols. optimum repeat delay setting chosen each case. Reading rate linear with data rate. rate kbit/s, reading rates times faster than kbit/s.
Time 10.8 Data rate (kbit/s) tags Free-running Slow-down Switch-off Fast Free-running Fast Slow-down Fast Switch-off 0.39 0.35 0.29 0.18 0.11 0.085 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.58 0.32 0.19 0.15 0.084 0.060
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Protocol Free-running Slow-down Switch-off Fast Free-running Fast Slow-down Fast Switch-off
P4022
Optimum repeat delay settings Table lists optimum repeat delay settings each protocols number transponders group.
Number tags
Table
Table
Functional descriptioBlock diagram
COIL1
LOGIC
Shunt
COIL2
Figure P4022 Block diagram
XCLK
Resonance capacitor
resonance capacitor nominal value trimmed resonance external 14.7 coil required. 13.65 required coil inductance drops Rectifier bridge
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P4022
reflected reader. resistance typically less than resistance affects depth modulation, especially higher carrier frequencies MHz), where coil antenna impedance lower than Charge preservation transistor channel transistor turned whenever modulation transistor turned prevent from discharging power storage capacitor. This done nonoverlapping manner, i.e. first turned before turned turned before turned detection Poly-silicon diode used detect illuminating field. minimum sized diode with forward resistance order pass filter shown diagrammatically actually consists pull-up transistor (approximately conjunction with parasitic capacitance input (approximately pF). effective time constant order Through diode input will pulled during each negative going cycle carrier. When carrier switched off, input will pulled high pull-up transistor. very high carrier frequencies MHz) carrier will filtered out, that input will continuously when carrier present. When carrier disappears, input will high with time constant pass filter. very frequencies input will high each cycle carrier, will stay high when carrier disappears. detect gap, logic must check high period longer than maximum high period carrier. rise fall times slow, Schmitt trigger used buffer input. Power storage capacitor power supply capacitor included layout P4022. This sufficient kbit/s applications, kbit/s applications will required additional external storage capacitor.
Diodes D1-D4 form full wave rectifier bridge. They have relatively large forward resistances (100 -200 This quite sufficient kHz, where output impedance tuned circuit high, 13.5 diode resistance becomes significant external diodes have used bypass internal ones. diode resistance affects rate which power capacitor charged. also affects modulation depth that achieved. Shunt regulator shunt regulator functions. limits voltage across logic high frequency applications limits voltage across external microwave Schottky diodes, which typically have reverse breakdown voltages less than shunt regulator draws less than maximum current shunt capability Oscillator on-chip oscillator centre frequency spread over full temperature supply range. Power-on reset (PON) reset signal keeps logic reset when supply voltage lower than threshold voltage. This prevents incorrect operation spurious transmissions when supply voltage oscillator logic work properly. also ensures that transistor transistor during power-up ensure that chip starts Modulation transistor channel transistor used modulate transponder coil antenna. When turned loads antenna coil, thereby changing load seen reader antenna coil, effectively changing amount energy that
LOGIC block
Depending state input powerup, P4022 either enters test mode normal operating mode internally pulled down, that left open normal operation. After power-on reset disappeared, chip boots reading SEED ROMs.
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P4022
width comparison between random number delay count determines maximum possible delay between transmissions (reading rate). eight maximum delay settings pre-programmed. basic free-running mode described above modified reception (MUTE ACK) signals, these enabled bits. signal received after transmission code, chip either turns itself completely reduces rate which delay counter clocked, thereby slowing down rate which codes transmitted. MUTE signal received while chip transmitting, current operation chip interrupted clock periods, after which continues normally. Reception more MUTEs during sleep state restarts sleep state. sleep state also terminated reception WAKE-UP signal signal chip which just completed transmitting).
chip then enters normal operating mode, which basically consists clocking timer counter with rate clock until compares with number random number generator. this point code transmitted with correct preamble correct data rate encoded correctly. random number generator clocked generate pseudo random number, counter reset start delay.
timing Clock Data
Figure timing diagram
Detection Algorithm
detection logic contains main controllers, detecting signal, detecting MUTE WAKE-UP signals. WAKE-UP signal also called asynchronous ACK, really meant another chip. also contains pre-processor frequency signals. Refer timing diagrams Figure following detailed description detection algorithms.
controller checks 1.75 periods after last code been transmitted. then checks HIGH bits later, bits later finally HIGH further bits later. reader should synchronise itself frequency received code, check then send GAPs that above pattern matched. Ideally achieve lowest error rate, GAPS should narrow possible situated 4.75 7.75 bits after last code. practice allowance must made fact that on-chip oscillator drift
time between when last code transmitted when GAPs expected. reason drift that oscillator supply voltage dependent, supply voltage will typically rising during this time, since transponder will modulating coil antenna. slope rising falling edges GAPs also adjusted reduce reader power bandwidth. case high frequency GAPs envelope used directly. frequency GAPs have pre-processed. They detected checking high periods lasting longer than period. this reason there set-up time bit. minimum width therefore period timing diagram). MUTE MUTE signal received asynchronously transponder. controller checks HIGH less than bits wide after pre-processing timing diagram). case ACK,
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P4022
frequency MUTE GAPs must least wide, high frequency GAPs arbitrarily narrow. When transmitting MUTE, reader must take into account that there could spread clock frequencies receiving transponders. reader should therefor limit width MUTE less than bits nominal rate timing diagram). frequency MUTE should also wider than bits nominal rate timing diagram). MUTE should sent early possible after code transmission been detected, while still making sure that code transmission just noise. earlier MUTE sent, more time reader recover before SYNCH code bits arrive, smaller probability that another transponder started colliding transmission.
Figure MUTE WAKE-UP timing diagrams
WAKE-UP
sent after correct receipt code interpreted other transponders field WAKE-UP. arrives synchronously transponder that just transmitted, asynchronously other transponders. necessary, WAKE-UP also sent code received correctly, making sure that will interpreted transmitting transponder. This could speed protocol, runs risk turning transponders accident. detect WAKE-UP, chip checks GAPs, less than bits apart each less than seven bits wide. with MUTE allowance must made spread clock frequencies. safely interpreted WAKEUP, GAPs should sent less than bits apart, each should less than bits wide. This implication case high frequency ACK, which could theoretically consist very narrow GAPs bits apart. practice though, GAPs will typically least wide, making separation five bits. Like MUTE, frequency GAPs should least bits wide serve reliable WAKE-UP. should noted that failure reliably recognise WAKE-UPs critical. protocol might slowed down marginally, will still work, chips time-out sleep mode automatically after bits.
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Data Encoder
P4022
transmitted code always consists preamble followed code bits. preamble consists start bits (ZEROES), followed SYNCH. SYNCH consists periods followed ONE. P4022 programmed data encoding methods. first method variation Manchester i.e. represented HIGH first half period, ZERO represented first half period. second encoding method called GLITCH encoding. represented HIGH first quarter period, while ZERO represented HIGH third quarter period. GLITCH encoding longest modulation period quarter period, compared Manchester encoding, where longest modulation period full period. GLITCH encoding therefore requires much smaller power storage capacitor.
Figure Data encoding methods
programming
P4022 contains three laser fuse blocks that pre-programmed foundry. Blowing laser fuse writes ZERO into bit. CODE
This contains code. Unless otherwise specified, foundry will automatically program unique CRC. this case most significant programmed into ROM, which will transmitted first. SEED SEED block contains control ROM. seed on-chip pseudorandom number generator pre-programmed foundry into this ROM. This data used internally transmitted.
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Parameter Value Maximum initial random delay Data rate Fast Normal Mode Free-running mode
P4022
Control definitioMode Normal Fast detection enabled disabled (Free-running) Slow-down Switch-off (Continuous) bits bits bits kbits kbits kbits kbits kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s kbit/s Glitch encoding Manchester encoding frequency detection High frequency detectio
CONTROL operational modes P4022 preprogrammed into CONTROL ROM. must specified client unsigned integer unsigned chars (bytes), shown Table programmable options listed Table This data used internally transmitted.
Encoding method type
Table
Control
Byte[1]
Manchester Data rate
Byte[0]
Random delay Switch- Freeoff running Fast
Table
Package Ordering InformatioPad DescriptioPad Name COIL2 XCLK COIL1 Functio
Coil terminal input
Negative internal supply voltage Serial test data input (pull down) Test mode control (pull down) External test clock (pull down) Positive internal supply voltage Connection external antenna Coil terminal
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Chip Size
P4022
Table
Configuration Examples
Application Parameters
Inductive coupling, carrier, batches tags, second batch Inductive coupling, carrier, batches tags second batch Inductive coupling, carrier, batches identical tags (counting), second batch guaranteed power Inductive coupling, carrier, batches identical tags (counting), second batch, second unpowered Inductive coupling, carrier, time, 0.012 seconds coupling, 400-2540 carrier, batch tags, 0.02 seconds batch coupling, 400-2540 carrier, batch tags, batch second coupling, 400-2540 carrier, batch tags batch second
Typical Practical Parameters
Warehousing, asset control, sports event timing, mining, personnel tracking Sports event timing, Conveyer belt, personnel tracking, auto-tolling Warehousing
ConfiguratioFast Slow-down, kbits/s, Glitch encoding, kbit delay Fast Slow-dow, kbit/s, Glitch encoding, delay Fast Switch-off, kbit/s Glitch encoding, kbit delay Fast Switch-off, kbits/s, Glitch encoding, kbit delay
CONTROL Bits
0x00E9
External Capacitor
0x00D9 0x00ED
Warehousing
0x00ED
Access control, conveyer Free-running, kbit/s, belt Glitch encoding, delay Auto-tolling, sports event timing Sports event timing, personnel tracking Warehousing Free-running, kbit/s, Glitch encoding, kbit delay Free-running, kbit/s Glitch encoding, kbit delay Fast, Slow-down, kbit/s, Glitch encoding, kbit delay
0x00CA 0x0022 0x0032 0x0029
none none none
Microelectronic-Marin cannot assume responsibility circuitry described other than circuitry entirely embodied Microelectronic-Marin product Microelectronic-Marin reserves right change specifications without notice time. strongly urged ensure that information given been superseded more date version.
1998 Microelectronic-Marin 02/98 Rev. A/196
MICROELECTRONIC-MARIN CH-1074 Marin, Tel. Fax.

Anti-Collision compatible with BTG's Supertag Category Protocols Featu

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