Features Operating frequency: 28.5 linear output power High efficiency
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Agilent ACPM-7812 CDMA/AMPS Power Amplifier Module
Features Operating frequency: 28.5 linear output power High efficiency: Internal matching networks both IN/OUT Description ACPM-7812 fully matched CDMA Power Amplifier module. Designed around Agilent Technologies Enhancement Mode pHEMT (E-pHEMT) process, ACPM-7812 offers premium performance small, easy package. Fully matched Ohms input output allows faster design, less overall system optimization more reliable performance production. amplifier excellent ACPR efficiency performance, both high medium Pout levels, with single bias control voltage. lower quiescent current, dynamic bias control circuit used; Vcntl 1.2V 2.7V. Designed surface mount package, ACPM-7812 cost size competitive. ACPM-7812 another component Agilent CDMAdvantage chipset. linear operation cdma2000 1xRTT capable Only parts needed Dynamic bias control Very quiescent current with single control voltage package
Applications CDMA handsets Wireless data terminals
Package Circuit Diagram
Vdd1
Vdd1
Vdd2 Vcntl
Vdd2
Vcntl
Bottom View Package
Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter
Supply Voltage Power Dissipation Bias Current Control Voltage (Vcntl) Amplifier Input Power Junction Temperature Storage Temperature (case temperature)
Unit
Value
+150 +100 Recommended operating range +85°C (reduced performance 100°C) Thermal Resistance[2] 26°C/W
Notes: Operation this device excess these limits cause permanent damage. Tcase 25°C
Package Marking Dimensions
Vdd1
ACPM-7812
YYWWDD
Vdd2 Vcntl
0.236 0.0120 (6.00 0.30)
0.234 0.003 (5.94 0.08) Square cover
View (package with cover top) Side View
Maximum 0.071 (1.8)
.236 0.0120 0.30) .118 (3.00) .078 (1.98) .048 (1.22) .006 (0.16)
.098 (2.49) .030 (0.76) .236 0.0120 (6.00 0.30)
.005 (0.13)
.034 (0.86) Bottom View (footprint)
R.020 (R0.51)
Electrical Characterization Information
tests done system 3.4V, 25°C unless noted otherwise.
Parameter
Cellular CDMA
Frequency Range Gain (Fixed Cntl Voltage) (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) (Pout dBm) Gain (Dynamic Cntl Voltage) (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) (Pout dBm) Power Added Efficiency Pout 28.5 Pout Total Supply Current
Units
Comments
Vcntl= 2.5V Vcntl= 2.5V Vcntl= 2.5V
Vcntl= 2.5V Vcntl= 1.6V Vcntl= 1.2V
Vcntl= 2.5V Vcntl= 1.6V Pout 28.5 dBm, Vcntl= 2.5V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.6V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.2V Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 dBm, Vcntl= 2.5V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.6V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.2V signal, Vcntl
ACPR 0.885 offset ACPR 1.98 offset Quiescent Current
dBc/30 dBc/30
Leakage Current Input VSWR (Pout 28.5 dBm) Input VSWR (Pout dBm) Noise Figure Noise Power offset Stability (Spurious): Load VSWR Harmonic Suppression:
2.0:1 2.5:1
dBm/Hz
-141 -138 phases
AMPS
Frequency Range Gain (Pout 31.0 dBm) Power Added Efficiency Pout 31.0 Noise Power offset dBm/Hz -141 -138 Vcntl= 2.5V Worst case Pout 31.0 Vcntl= 2.5V
Typical Performance, data measured system, 3.4V, Vcntl 25°C Freq unless noted otherwise.
GAIN (dB)
GAIN (dB)
Pout (dBm)
Vcntl
Pout (dBm)
Figure Gain Pout.
(mA)
Figure Gain Vcntl.
Figure Pout.
ACPR1 (dBc)
(mA)
Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 1.6V
Pout (dBm)
Pout (dBm)
Pout (dBm)
Figure Output Power.
Figure Output Power (Vdd 3.4V, Vcntl 2.5V 1.6V.
HARMONIC SUPPRESSION (dBc)
Figure ACPR (885 kHz) Pout.
ACPR2 (dBc)
GAIN (dB)
Pout (dBm)
Pout (dBm)
Pout (dBm)
Figure ACPR (1.98 MHz) Pout.
Figure 2nd/3rd Harmonics Pout.
Figure AMPS Gain Pout.
Pout (dBm)
Figure AMPS Pout.
Ordering Information Part Number
ACPM-7812-BLK ACPM-7812-TR1
Devices
2000
Container
Bulk Tape Reel
Tape Dimensions Orientation
0.30 0.05 4.00 0.10 Note 1.55 0.05 2.00 0.05 1.55 0.05
5.50 0.05 6.40 0.10 (Bo) 6.40 0.10
12.00 0.30
2.00 0.10
6.40 0.10
0.10
1.50 (min)
6.40 0.10 (Ao)
YYWW
ACPM-78xx
Notes: measured above base pocket. hole pitch cumulative tolerance ±0.2 Drawing scale.
orientation carrier tape
Reel Drawing
13.20 0.50
329.2 100.00
RECYCLE SYMBOL
18.40 (max.)
SLOT 5.00 0.50
Label 76.2 31.0 (See Below)
329.2
100.00
DETAIL
20.20 (Min.) 13.0 0.50
0.20
RECYCLE SYMBOL
DETAIL
EMBOSSED LINE Length Lines away from center point EMBOSSED Height
dimensions
Application Information
following material presented assist general design APCM-7812. 3.0V Characterization, Data Card Applications cdma2000 1XRTT Description Characterization data Design tips various methods control bias Vcntl Description ACPR measurement methods Description Agilent evaluation demoboard ACPM-7812 Reflow Profile (applicable Agilent E-pHEMT PAs)
Characterization, Data Card Applications
tests done system 25°C unless noted otherwise.
Parameter
CDMA
Frequency Range Gain (Fixed Cntl Voltage) (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) (Pout dBm) Power Added Efficiency Pout 28.5 Pout Total Supply Current
Units
Comments
Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 2.5V
Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 2.5V Pout 28.5 dBm, Vcntl= 2.5V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.6V Pout dBm, Vcntl= 1.2V Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 dBm, Vcntl 2.5V
ACPR 0.885 offset ACPR 1.98 offset Quiescent Current Input VSWR (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) Noise Figure Noise Power offset Stability (Spurious): Load VSWR Harmonic Suppression
dBc/30 dBc/30
2.0:1 2.5:1
dBm/Hz
-141 phases
Typical Performance Data measured system, 3.0V, Vcntl 2.5V, 25°C, Freq MHz.
GAIN (dB) (mA)
Pout (dBm) Pout (dBm)
Pout (dBm)
Figure Gain Pout.
Figure Pout.
Figure Pout.
ACPR1 (dBc) ACPR2 (dBc)
Pout (dBm) Pout (dBm)
HARMONIC SUPPRESSION (dBc)
Pout (dBm)
Figure ACPR (885 kHz) Pout.
Figure ACPR (1.98 MHz) Pout.
Figure 2nd/3rd Harmonics Pout.
GAIN (dB)
Vcntl
Figure Gain Vcntl.
cdma2000 1xRTT Characterization
System Description CDMA2000 TIA's standard third generation (3G) technology evolution IS-95 CDMA format. CDMA2000 includes singlecarrier mode multi-carrier mode. CDMA2000 RTT, being extension IS-95 standard, chip rate
1.2288Mchip/s IS-95. However, RTT, reverse link transmits more than code channel accommodate high data rates. minimum configuration consists reverse pilot (R-Pilot) channel synchronous detection base transceiver stations (BTS) reverse fundamental channel (R-FCH) voice. Additional
channels such reverse supplemental channels (R-SCHs) reverse dedicated channel (R-DCCH) used send data signaling information. Channels exist different rates power levels. Table shows transmitter specification CDMA2000 reverse link.
Specification
Maximum Output Power Minimum Controlled Output Power Waveform Quality Factor Frequency Accuracy Spurious Emission Maximum output power offset frequency within range SR1, Band Class 0(Cellular band) 1.98 Less stringent dBc/30 dBm/1.23 1.98 3.125 Less stringent dBc/30 dBm/1.23 3.125 5.625 dBm/100 Table Transmitter Specification Reverse Link.
Spread Rate1
Lower limit Upper limit dBm/1.23 >0.944 SR1, Band Class1(PCS band) 1.98 Less stringent dBc/30 dBm/1.23 1.98 2.25 Less stringent dBc/30 dBm/1.23 2.25 6.25 dBm/1
Typical channel configurations below based transmitter test condition reverse link. "Basic" Voice only configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -1.5 kbps Voice Data configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -4.54 kbps R-SCH1 -4.54 kbps Voice Control configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -3.85 kbps R-DCCH -3.85 kbps Control channel only configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-DCCH -1.5 kbps
Combinations these channels will increase peak average power ratio higher data rates. complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) measurement characterizes peak average power statistics CDMA2000 reverse link. Electrical Data
reference, system specifications peak average power ratio IS-95 CDMA2000 CCDF respectively. Higher peak average power ratio requires higher margin, both higher power gain
improved thermal stability linearity meet minimum system specifications. Test results ACPM-7831 tested under cdma2000 channel configurations shown table below.
tests done system 3.4V, 25°C unless noted otherwise.
Parameter
CDMA
Frequency Range Gain (Fixed Control Voltage) (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) (Pout dBm) Gain (Fixed Control Voltage) (Pout 28.5 dBm) (Pout dBm) (Pout dBm) Power Added Efficiency Pout 28.5 Pout ACPR 0.885 offset Basic Voice Data Voice Control Control only ACPR 1.98 offset Basic Voice Data Voice Control Control only
Units
Measured
Comments
824-
Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 2.5V
Vcntl 2.5V Vcntl 1.6V Vcntl 1.2V
dBc/30
Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 26.0 Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 28.5 Pout 26.0
dBc/30
Typical Channel Configurations
"Basic" Voice only configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -1.5 kbps Voice Data configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -4.54 kbps R-SCH1 -4.54 kbps Voice Control configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-FCH -3.85 kbps R-DCCH -3.85 kbps Control channel only configuration R-PICH -5.3 R-DCCH -1.5 kbps
Definitions: R-PICH Reverse Pilot Channel R-FCH Reverse fundamental channel R-SCH Reverse supplemental channel R-DCCH Reverse dedicated control channel
Peak average power ration (Pout dBm) CCDF(%)
0.01 0.001 0.0001
Basic
1.82 3.19 3.99 4.38 4.59 4.67
Voice Data
3.04 4.96 5.41 5.72 5.78
Voice CNTL
3.08 4.55 5.42 5.89 6.15 6.23
CNTL only
3.73 5.21 6.05 6.42 6.63 6.69
Design Tips Vcntl
Power Amplifier Control Using Vcntl ACPM-7812 Power amplifier control scheme CDMA systems important challenging aspects CDMA-based handset design. Handset designers must balance maintaining adequate linearity while optimizing efficiency high, medium output power levels. primary method achieve these goals adjust bias function output power. Theoretically, best efficiency would achieved when bias continually adjusted based output power
requirement However, implementing this type circuit complex costly. Therefore several different approaches have been developed provide acceptable trade-off between optimum efficiency optimum manufacturability. following section reviews four methods controlling bias CDMA power amplifier: fixed, step, logical dynamic.
Fixed Bias Control
Amplifiers, Vcntl 2.5V ACPM-7812. Vcntl controlled PA_ON baseband When PA_ON HIGH, output signal enabled, enabling subscriber unit transmit required data. switch circuit supplies Vcntl with enable/ disable on/off mode). Below example control PA_ON Vcntl
Using fixed bias point traditional method, simplest. fact, fixed control voltage recommended when using Agilent's Power
Power Mode Shut Down High Power
PA_ON HIGH
Vcntl 2.5V*
Power Range 28.5
Note: Vcntl Cell Band
Battery
Vdd2 Vdd1 Vcntl
Duplexer
TxIC
Baseband
Switch Circut
PA_ON Enable
Step Bias Control
PDM1 output from baseband used create software-programmable voltage, used phone designer's discretion. twopole filter used improve performance terms fast response time. high efficiency better ACPR, phone designers change control voltage
adjusting PDM1 voltage according output power caution when using this approach- careful consideration must made avoid abrupt discontinuity output signal when step bias control voltage applied. Below shows example control PA_ON, PDM1 Vcntl
Power Mode Shut Down Power Power High Power
PA_ON HIGH HIGH HIGH
Vcntl 1.2V 1.6V 2.5V*
Power Range 28.5
Note: Adjust PDM1 pulse waveform low/mid/high power mode
Battery
Vdd2 Vdd1 Vcntl
Duplexer
TxIC
Enable Switch Circut
Baseband
PA_ON
Logical Bias Control
This scheme similar step bias control circuit above also uses PA_R0 PA_R1 pins typical baseband PA_R[1:0] open-drain output, requiring external pull-up resistor, used step gain signal path changing voltages
Vcntl. with step bias control, there must some consideration hysteresis step avoid abrupt discontinuity with logical bias control voltage. Below shows example control PA_R[1:0] Vcntl
Power Mode Shut Down Power Power High Power
PA_RO
PA_R1
Vcntl 1.2V 1.6V 2.5V
Power Range 28.5
Battery Switch Circuit Enable Duplexer
Vdd2 Vdd1 Vcntl
PA-ON
TxIC
Pull-up Resistors Switch Circuit
Baseband
PA-R0 PA-R1
Dynamic Bias Control
Phone designers TX_ADC_ADJ baseband dynamic bias control with Vcntl TX_ADC_ADJ output produced subsystem used control
gain signal prior variable output levels from inverting operational amplifiers, generated compared TX_ADC_ADJ, provide dynamic control voltages Vcntl 1.0V 2.7V with 0.1V step.
Battery
Duplexer
Vdd2 Vdd1 Vcntl
TxIC
Vcontrol
Baseband
Enable Switch Circuit
PA_ON
TX_ADC_ADJ
-(V1/Vin) -R3/R2, -(R3/R2)Vin, -(R5/R4)V1= [(R5*R3)/(R4*R2)]*Vin using combination pins, PDM1 TX_ADC_ADJ, another method realizing dynamic bias control scheme. Amps control Vcntl voltage levels with compared integrated circuits.
Battery
Duplexer
Vdd2 Vdd1 Vcntl
TxIC
Vcontrol
Baseband
Enable Switch Circuit
PA_ON
TX_ADC_ADJ PDM1
ACPR Measurement Method Adjacent-channel power ratio (ACPR) used characterize distortion power amplifiers other subsystems their tendency cause interference with neighboring radio channels systems. ACPR measurement often specified
ratio power spectral density (PSD) CDMA main channel measured several offset frequencies. Cellular band (824 transmitter channel), offsets ±885 ±1.98 measurement resolution bandwidth specified
kHz. These offsets ±1.25 ±1.98 band (1850 1910 channel).
1.23 1877.5 1878.0 ACPR-L 1.98 1878.5 1879.0 1879.5 ACPR-U 1.98 1880.0 1880.5 1881.0 1881.5 1882.0 1882.5 ACPR-L ACPR-U ACPR (dBc) ACPR (dBc)
Offset frequency
Figure CDMA Adjacent-Channel Power Ratio Measurement.
Offset Frequencies ACPR ACPR
Cellular Band Band 1.25 1.98 1.98
ACPR Testing Diagram Test
Test Setup
Power Supply 8593E Spectrum Analyzer
Vdd1
Vcntl
Vdd2
Power Divider E4406A Transmitter Tester
Attenuator
CDMA ACPM7812/7831
Attenuator
E4437B CDMA Signal Generator
Figure ACPR test equipment setup.
ACPM-7812 Test Result using Transmitter Tester
Figure ACPR measurement using Transmitter tester.
ACPR Test Results using Spectrum Analyzer
42.8 35.42
Center
Span 5.000 2.00
Figure Example ACPR measurement using Spectrum Analyzer.
meaning accurate ACPR measurement using Spectrum Analyzer needs consider normalization factor that dependent Resolution Bandwidth, RBW, settings. above figure (measurement shown general example) shows comparison different ACPR measurement results function various values. reduced, less power captured during measurement consequently
channel power recorded smaller value. example, main channel power measured 1.23 bandwidth, power spectral density dBm/1.23 MHz, which normalized 11.87 dBm/ kHz. equation used calculate normalization factor power spectral density Normalization Factor
10log[Normalization BW/Current (Spectrum Analyzer RBW)] 10log[1.23X106/30X103] 16.13
Since ACPR IS95 system specified 1.23 bandwidth, channel power that measured using different RBW, normalized reflect channel power measured 1.23 bandwidth. difference channel power measured bandwidth channel power measured 1.23 bandwidth
ACPR Test Results with Agilent ACPM-7812 CDMA
ACPM-7812
Test Condition: Vdd1 Vdd2 3.4V typ., Vcntl 2.5V, Frequency Test Result:
ACPR2 (dBc)
-30°C +25°C +60°C
ACPR1 (dBc)
Pout (dBm)
-30°C +25°C +60°C
Pout (dBm)
ACPR Measurement
ACPR Measurement
ACPM-7812 Demoboard Operation Instructions
Module Description
Testing
ACPM-7812 fully matched Power Amplifier. sample device provided demonstration Board with connectors inputs outputs, connector bias control I/O's.
Circuit Operation
Signal Source CDMA modulated signal test generated using Agilent ESG-D4000A ESGD3000A) Digital Signal Generator with following settings: CDMA Setup Reverse Spreading: Bits/Symbol: Data: PN15 Modulation: OQPSK Chip Rate: 1.2288 Mcps High Crest: Filter: Phase Polarity: Invert ACPR Measurement ACPR (and channel power) measured using Agilent 4406 with corresponding ACPR offsets IS-98c JSTD-8. Averaging used ACPR measurements. Connection connector provided allow ease connection I/O's. Wires soldered connector pins, connector removed contacted clip leads direct soldered connections. wiring I/O's listed Figure through
configuration table. sense connections provided allow remotesensing power supplies compensation traces cable resistance. Device Operation Connect Input Output band under test. Terminate unused ports into Ohms. Connect Vdd1 Vdd2 supplies (including remote sensing labeled Vdd1 Vdd2 board). Nominal voltage 3.4V. Apply input power according values listed "Operation Data" Data Packet. Connect Vref (Vcntl) supply reference voltage voltage shown data packet. Note that Vref (Vcntl) back side demonstration board. Please limit Vref (Vcntl) exceed corresponding listed Biasing Condition" Data Packet. Note that increasing Vref (Vcntl) over corresponding listed Biasing Condition" result power decrease current exceed rated limit.
design power module (PAM) provide bias control Vref (Vcntl) achieve optimal performance power control. control labeled Vref (Vcntl). Please refer Figure block diagram this PAM.
Typical Operation Conditions (Vdd 3.4V) Parameter
Frequency Range Output Power Vcntl (Vref)
ACPM-7812
28.5
Maximum Ratings
Drain Current Vref (Vcntl) input Temperature 5.0V 1.5A 80°C
Power Module Block Diagram
Vdd1 Vdd2
Please Note: Avoid Electrostatic Discharge I/O's. Heat Sinking
Power Input Match
demonstration Board provides adequate heat sink. Maximum device dissipation should kept below Watts.
Input
Chip Inter-stage Match
Passive Output Match
Output
Vcntl (Vref)
ACPM-7812 Evaluation Board Schematic Layout
Vdd1 Vdd1
Vdd2 Vdd2
Vcntl Vcntl
Layer Metal Solder Mask (800MHz)
4700 4700
Vdd1
Configuration Table
side
Ground Ground Vdd1 Ground Vdd2
Back side
Vdd2 Sense Ground Vdd1 Sense Vref (Vcntl) Ground
Vdd2
Layer Ground
Layer Bottom Metal Solder Mask
1ddV
2ddV
ferV
Reflow Soldering Figure straight-line representation recommended nominal time-temperature profile from JESD22-A113-B reflow.
150s above 183°C
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Preheat Zone
Soak Zone
TIME (seconds) Reflow Zone
Cooling Zone
Figure Time-temperature Profile Reflow Soldering Process.
Process Zone
Preheat Zone Soak Zone Reflow Zone Cooling Zone
Temperature
25°C 100°C 100°C 150°C 150°C 235°C (240°C MAX) 235°C 150°C 150°C 25°C
Temperature/Time
3°C/s 0.5°C/s (120s MAX) 4.5°C/s -4.5°C/s -6°C/s
Table1. Reflow Process Zone.
Convection IR/Convection
Average ramp-up rate (183°C peak) Preheat temperature 25)°C Temperature maintained above 183°C Time within actual peak temperature Peak temperature range Ramp-down rate Time 25°C peak temperature Table Classification Reflow Profiles. Note: temperatures measured refer package body surface. 3°C/second max. seconds max. seconds seconds +5/-0°C +5/-0°C 6°C/second max. minutes max.
Zone Preheat Zone average heat rate surface-mount component shall less than second allow even heating both component PCB. This ramp maintained until reaches 100° where flux activation starts. Zone Soak Zone flux being activated here prepare even smooth solder joint subsequent zone. temperature ramp kept gradual minimize thermal mismatch between solder, Board components. Overramp rate here cause solder splatter excessive oxidation paste. Zone Reflow Zone third process zone solder reflow zone. temperature this zone rises rapidly from 183° peak temperature 235° solder trans-
form phase from solid liquids. dwell time melting point 183° shall maintain between seconds. Upon duration 10-20 seconds peak temperature, then cooled down rapidly allow solder freeze form solid. Extended duration above solder melting point potentially damage temperature sensitive components result excessive inter-metallic growth that causes brittle solder joint, weak unreliable connections. lead unnecessary damage Board discoloration component's leads. Zone Cooling Zone temperature ramp down rate C/second maximum. important control cooling rate fast possible order achieve smaller grain size solder increase fatigue resistance solder joint.
Solder Paste recommended solder paste type Sn6337A Sn60Pb40A J-STD-006.
Note: Solder paste storage shelf life shall accordance with manufacturer's specifications.
Stencil Screen solder paste deposited onto either screen printing, using stencil syringe dispensing. recommended stencil thickness accordance JESD22-B102-C.
Nominal stencil thickness
0.102 (0.004 0.152 (0.006 0.203 (0.008
Component lead pitch
Lead pitch less than 0.508 (0.020 0.508 0.635 (0.02 0.025 Lead pitch greater than 0.635 (0.025
www.agilent.com/semiconductors
product information complete list distributors, please site. technical assistance call: Americas/Canada: (800) 235-0312 (408) 654-8675 Europe: 6441 92460 China: 10800 0017 Hong Kong: (+65) 6271 2451 India, Australia, Zealand: (+65) 6271 2394 Japan: (+81 0120-61-1280(Domestic Only) Korea: (+65) 6271 2194 Malaysia, Singapore: (+65) 6271 2054 Taiwan: (+65) 6271 2654 Data subject change. Copyright 2002 Agilent Technologies, Inc. November 2002 5988-6655EN
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