ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR Power Management GM431 three term
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GM431
ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR
Power Management
GM431 three terminal adjustable shunt regulator with thermal stability guaranteed over temperature. Output voltage adjusted value from 2.5V (Vref) using external resistors. GM431 typical dynamic output impedance 0.2W. Active output circuitry provides very sharp turn characteristic, making GM431 excellent replacement zener diodes many applications such onboard regulation adjustable power supplies. GM431 ideal voltage reference 3.3V switching power supplies. GM431 shunt regulator available with voltage tolerances 0.5%, 1.0% 2.0% over -40°C 85°C, four package options (SOT-23, TO-92, SOT-89 SOP-8). Whatever your application, GM431 offers optimum combination performance, reliability economy.
Features
Wide operating current range, 100mA dynamic output impedance, 0.2W typ. 0.5%, reference voltage tolerance Alternate TL431, TL431, LM431 AS431 Industrial temperature range -40° Available SOT-23, TO-92, SOT-89 SOP- packages
Application
Switching power supplies Linear regulators Adjustable supplies Battery-operated computers Computer disk drives Instrumentation
LOGIC SYMBOL
BLOCK DIAGRAM (POSITIVE LOGIC)
CATHODE
REFERENCE
REFERENCE
ANODE
CATHODE
ANODE
www.gammamicro.com
PRELIMINARY
GM431
Revision Jul. 2004
GM431 MARKING INFORMATION CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW)
431G AYWW Anode Cathode
SOT-23
Anode
SOP- (SO-
ANODE ANODE
XXXYW
GM431G AYWW
CATHODE ANODE ANODE
GM431G AYWW
CATHODE
Cathode
ANODE
Specific Device Code =Grade =Assembly Location =Year W=Work Week
ORDERING INFORMATION
Ordering Number
GM431AT92B GM431AT92RL GM431AST23R GM431AS8T GM431AS8R GM431AST89R GM431BT92B GM431BT92RL GM431BST23R GM431BS8T GM431BS8R GM431BST89R GM431CT92B
Precision
0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%
Device code
Grade
Package
TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23
Shipping
1,000 Units/ 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units Tape &Reel Units Tube 2,500 Units Tape Reel 1,000 Units Tape Reel 1,000 Units/ 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units Tape &Reel Units Tube 2,500 Units Tape Reel 1,000 Units Tape Reel 1,000 Units/ 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units Tape &Reel Units Tube 2,500 Units Tape Reel 1,000 Units Tape Reel
SO-8 SO-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23
SO-8 SO-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23
GM431
GM431CT92RL GM431CST23R GM431CS8T GM431CS8R GM431CST89R
SO-8 SO-8 SOT-89
detail Ordering Number identification, please last page.
GM431
EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC
CATHODE 800W 800W 20pF
150W 3.28KW 10kW 2.4KW 7.2KW 20pF
800W ANODE
component values nominal. numbers shown package.
GM431
GM431
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (over free-air temperature range except noted)
PARAMETER
Cathode Voltage Continuous cathode current range Reference input current Power dissipation 25°C SOT-23 SOP-8 TO-92 SOT-89 Package thermal impedance SOT-23 TO-92 SOP-8 SOT-89 Operating ambient temperature range Operating junction temperature range Lead temperature (soldering) seconds
SYMBOL
Iref
Value
-100 -50µA 10mA 0.23 0.60 0.78 0.80 +150
UNIT
°C/W
TLEAD
These stress ratings only. Functional operation device these conditions beyond "recommended operating conditions" implied. Exposure absolute maximum rated conditions affect device reliability. NOTES:
Voltage values with respect anode except noted. Maximum power dissipation function TJ(max), Maximum allowable power dissipation allowable ambient temperature (TJ(max) TA)/ qJA. Operation absolute maximum 150°C affect device reliability. Package thermal impedance calculated JESD
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
PARAMETER Cathode Voltage Cathode Current SYMBOL MINIMUM Vref MAXIMUM UNIT
GM431
GM431
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25°C unless otherwise noted)
GM431A (0.5%)
PARAMETER Reference Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio change Vref change Reference input current Iref temp deviation Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref CONDITION Vref, 25°C VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA=-40 +85°C(1) Vref, (1), full range 10mA 2.487 2.500 -2.7 -2.0 -1.0 -0.4 2.512 UNIT mV/V
DVKA Vref DVKA
10mA, 10KW,
10mA, 10KW, Iref(dev) full range IK(min) Vref 36V, Vref 16V, Vref
IK(off)
0.50
1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=1mA 100mA
GM431B (1.0%)
PARAMETER Reference Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio change Vref change Reference input current Iref temp deviation Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance
NOTES: test circuit page test circuit page test circuit page
CONDITION Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref Vref, 25°C VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA=-40 +85°C(1) Vref, (1), full range 10mA
2.474
2.500
2.525
UNIT mV/V
DVKA Vref DVKA
-2.7 -2.0
-1.0 -0.4
10mA, 10KW,
10mA, 10KW, Iref(dev) full range IK(min) Vref 36V, Vref 16V, Vref
1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=1mA 100mA
0.50
GM431
IK(off)
GM431
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25°C unless otherwise noted)
GM431C (2.0%) PARAMETER Reference Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio change Vref change Reference input current Iref temp deviation Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance
NOTES: test circuit test circuit test circuit
CONDITION Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref Vref, 25°C VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA=-40 +85°C(1) Vref, (1), full range 10mA
2.45
2.500
2.55
UNIT mV/V
DVKA Vref DVKA
-2.7 -2.0
-1.0 -0.4
10mA, 10KW,
10mA, 10KW, Iref(dev) full range IK(min) Vref 36V, Vref 16V, Vref
IK(off)
0.50
1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=1mA 100mA
TEST CIRCUITS
lref lref lk(off)
lref
GM431
Test Circuit
Test Circuit
Test Circuit Off-State
GM431 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS GM431A, GM431B
Vout Vout
Vout=( Vref Vref
Vout=(
Figure Shunt Regulator
Figure High Current Shunt Regulator
7805 Common
Vout
Vout
)Vref
Vout=(1+
Vout=(1+
Vout(min) Vref+ 5.0V
Vref 2.0V
Figure Output Control Three Terminal Fixed Regulator
Vout(min) Vref+
Figure Series Pass Regulator
Iout
Vout
Isink
Isink= Iout= Vref
Figure Constant Current Source
Figure Constant Current Sink
Vout
Vout
Vout(trip)=(1 Vref
Vout(trip)=(1
Vref
Figure TRIAC Crowbar
Figure Crowbar
GM431
GM431
Typical Performance Characteristics
1000 -200 -400 -0.5
Cathode current (mA) Cathode current (mA)
-100 -150
Cathode Voltage
Cathode Voltage
Figure Cathode Current Cathode Voltage
Figure Cathode Current Cathode Voltage
Iref, REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT (mA)
Impedance
100K 200K 300K 400K 500K
Frequency (Hz)
600K
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure Reference Input Current versus Ambient Temperature
Figure Dynamic Impedance Frequency
Vref, REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE
2.498 2.496 2.494 2.492 2.49 2.488 2.486
GM431
100k
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
FREQUENCY (HZ)
Figure Reference Input Voltage versus
Ambient Temperature
Figure Open-Loop Voltage Gain Frequency
Phase Shift
Avol, OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
=10mA =25°C 108° 144° 180°
GM431
Design Guide AC-DCSMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply)
Shunt Regulator Transformer Secondary side Control
This example applicable both forward transformers flyback transformers. shunt regulator used secondary side error amplifier, feedback primary side provided photocoupler.
Transformer GM384X GM38C4X Phototransistor Photocoupler Light emitting diode Vref Output
GM431
Figure Typical Shunt Regulator/ Error Amplifier
Determination External Costants Shunt Regulator characteristic determination: figure protection resistor light emitting diode photocoupler, bypass resistor feed Minimum, these determined shown below. photocoupler specification should obtained separately from manufacturer. Using parameters figure following formulas obtained: Next, output voltage determined following formula obtained: Verf =2.5V
absolute values determined GM431 reference input current Iref characteristics described next section. Iref value around 1.3µA Typ.
GM431
GM431 operating voltage, around taking into account margin fluctuation. current shunt resistance light emitting diode, which bias current around flows.
GM431 Characteristic Determination:
This refers determination gain frequency characteristic shunt regulator error amplifier. Taking configuration figure error amplifier characteristic shown figure
Gain (dB)
fosc: switching frequency
When When
Fosc Frequency (Hz)
Figure GM431 Error Amplification Characteristic
Figure following formulas obtained: Gain
(determined shunt regulator)
Corner frequencies
1/(2p 1/(2p
shunt regulator open-loop gain; this given reciprocal reference voltage fluctuation DVref/DVKA, approximately
Practical Example
Consider example photocoupler, with internal light emitting diode 1.05 power supply output voltage bias resistance current approximately shunt regulator following values found.
1.05V =316W 2.5mA 0.5mA 1.05V =2.1 0.5mA
GM431
Next, assume that This gives output. 0.022 following values found. 0.33 times (-10 0.022 (Hz) 0.022 (kHz)
GM431
SOT-89 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
4.50 0.05 1.650 1.400 0.13~4X 0.13~3X
1.50 0.05
Layout
DRAFT~2
Units:
4.20 0.05 0.05
1.00 0.07
3.00 0.025 6°~2X
0.13~2X
0.13~2X 6°~2X
Unit:
SOT-23 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
2.90 0.13
0.95 0.038 0.05
Unit:
GM431
0.05 0.65 0.05 1.10
0~0.1
Layout
0.031 0.035 0.079
1.50
0.46 0.025 1.50
0.38 0.01
0.05
0.037 0.95
0.037 0.95 Inches
GM431 SOP-8(SO-8)PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.008 +0.0018 -0.0005
0.028
+0.022 -0.013 +0.56 -0.33
(0.20
+0.05 -0.01
(0.71
Layout
0.060 1.52
0.236 0.008
(5.99
0.154
+0.003 -0.004
+0.21 -0.20
0.275
0.155
INDENT
(3.91 0.1)
0.024
0.050 1.270
Inches
0.191
+0.004 -0.002 +0.10 -0.05
(4.85
0.063 0.005 (1.60 0.13)
0.057 (1.45)
Inches
0.0025 0.0015 (0.175 0.075)
0.050 (1.270)
0.016
+0.004 -0.003 +0.10 -0.08
(0.41
TO-92 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.15
1.45
0.46
14.5
GM431
0.38 0.015 1.27 1.27
0.15
Unit:
GM431
ORDERING NUMBER
Gamma Micro. Circuit Type Shipping Ammo Pack Tape Reel Tube
(Tape)
Voltage Tolerance 0.5% 1.0% 2.0%
Package T92: TO-92 ST23: SOT-23 SO-8 ST89: SOT-89
GM431
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