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Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
Publication 31684 Revision: 3.00 Issue Date: September 2004
2004 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
rights reserved.
contents this document provided connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ("AMD") products. makes representations warranties with respect accuracy completeness contents this publication reserves right make changes specifications product descriptions time without notice. license, whether express, implied, arising estoppel, otherwise, intellectual property rights granted this publication. Except forth AMD's Standard Terms Conditions Sale, assumes liability whatsoever, disclaims express implied warranty, relating products including, limited implied warranty merchantability, fitness particular purpose, infringement intellectual property right. AMD's products designed, intended, authorized warranted components systems intended surgical implant into body, other applications intended support sustain life, other application which failure AMD's product could create situation where personal injury, death, severe property environmental damage occur. reserves right discontinue make changes products time without notice.
Trademarks
AMD, Arrow logo, Athlon, combinations thereof, PowerNow!, Cool Quiet, AMD-8000, AMD-8111, AMD-8131, AMD-8151 trademarks Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. HyperTransport licensed trademark HyperTransport Technology Consortium. Microsoft Windows registered trademarks Microsoft Corporation. PCI-X registered trademark PCI-Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG). Other product names used this publication identification purposes only trademarks their respective companies.
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Contents
Revision History Chapter Athlon64 Processor Architectural Features.9
AMD64 Architecture.9 Integrated DRAM Memory Controller.10 HyperTransportTechnology.10 Other Features Athlon64 Processor.10 Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box.11 Heatsink Installation.13
Chapter Chapter
Heatsink Installation Procedure Hardware Considerations Basic System Enclosure Selection Guidelines.23 Basic Chassis Selection Guidelines Power Supply Considerations Power Supply Guidelines.26 Desktop Workstation Platform Power Supplies.26 Calculating System Power Consumption.26 Athlon Processor Thermal Solution Guidelines Memory Guidelines Athlon Processor-Based Systems Chipset Information.31 AMD-8000Series Chipset Graphics Storage Athlon Processor Drivers Utilities.33 AMD-8000 Series Chipset Drivers.33 Reduction Techniques
Chapter 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.5.1 4.5.2
System Enclosures Chassis Selection
Chapter
Emission Standards Athlon Processor-Based System Builder Reduction Techniques
Contents
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
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Appendix Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure Appendix Athlon64 Processor FAQs
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List Figures
Figure Athlon64 Processor Architecture Figure Athlon Processor-in-a-Box.11 Figure Athlon Processor-in-a-Box Figure Retention Frame Backplate Athlon Processor Heatsink.13 Figure Backplate Release Liner Figure Motherboard Placed Over Backplate.14 Figure Ensure Proper Contact Between Backplate Motherboard Figure Retention Frame Screw Holes Aligned with Backplate Standoffs.15 Figure Tightening Down Retention Frame Figure Alignment Markers Processor Motherboard Figure Pushing Gently Down Processor Figure Plastic Cover Over Thermal Interface Material Figure Heatsink Centered Over Processor.18 Figure Heatsink Spring Clip Figure Pushing Straight Down Clip Figure Correctly Installed Spring Clip.19 Figure Turning Lever Figure Lever Installed Position Figure Installed Heatsink Figure Desirable Airflow-Power Supply with Bottom Inlet Figure Undesirable Airflow-Power Supply with Front Inlet Only
List Figures
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
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List Tables
Table Power Worksheet 1-Component Power Table Power Worksheet 2-Total Watts. Table Athlon64 Processor Series Table Microsoft® Drivers AMD-8000Series Chipset Components Table Linux Drivers AMD-8000 Series Chipset Components
List Tables
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Revision History
Date September 2004 Revision 3.00 Initial public release. Description
Revision History
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
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Revision History
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Chapter
Athlon64 Processor Architectural Features
architectural features Athlon64 processor-based system include AMD64 architecture, integrated DRAM memory controller, HyperTransporttechnology, many other features. Figure shows block diagram Athlon processor architecture.
Figure Athlon64 Processor Architecture
AMD64 Architecture
AMD64 architecture allows users existing, installed 32-bit applications operating systems peak performance, while providing migration path that 64-bit capable. designed enable 64-bit computing while remaining compatible with vast software infrastructure. AMD64 architecture represents class computing, enabling single architecture across 64-bit environments.
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Athlon64 Processor Architectural Features
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Integrated DRAM Memory Controller
64-/128-bit wide integrated DRAM memory controller: changes processor accesses main memory, resulting increased bandwidth, reduced memory latencies, increased processor performance. allows available memory bandwidth scale with number processors support eight registered DIMMs with Athlon processor. support four unbuffered DIMMs with Athlon 939-pin processor. available memory bandwidth Gbytes/s (with PC3200).
HyperTransportTechnology
HyperTransport technology AMD64 architecture offers following features. scalable bandwidth interconnection between subsystems other chipsets Gbytes/s bandwidth providing sufficient bandwidth supporting interconnects including PCI-X®, DDR, InfiniBand, Ethernet power consumption (1.2 help reduce system thermal budget
Other Features Athlon64 Processor
Other features Athlon processor include: 64-bit wide data address paths that incorporate 48-bit virtual address space 40-bit physical address space. (error correcting code) protection cache data, cache data tags, DRAM with hardware scrubbing ECC-protected arrays. Support instructions necessary fully compatible with SSE2 technology. additional pipeline stages (compared AMD's 32-bit architecture) increased performance frequency scalability. Higher (instructions-per-clock) achieved through additional features, such larger TLBs (translation lookaside buffer), flush filters, enhanced branch prediction algorithms.
Athlon64 Processor Architectural Features
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Chapter
Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box
best solution System Builders Resellers manufacturing pedestal platforms processor-in-a-box (PIB) from AMD. available retail box. covered three-year limited warranty. Figure shows Athlon64 processor retail box.
Figure Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box
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Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box
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Figure shows Athlon processor retail box.
Figure Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box includes following items: AMD64 processor choice Heatsink fan, properly sized thermal requirements processor Assembly installation instructions AMD64 processor case sticker Double processor packaging allows higher impact resistance adding more protection three-year limited warranty Certificate Authenticity
Please check with your preferred distribution partner Athlon64 processor-in-a-box.
Athlon64 Processor-in-a-Box
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Chapter
Heatsink Installation
This chapter contains instructions installation Athlon64 processor heatsink. Athlon processor heatsink requires retention frame backplate attached motherboard. retention frame backplate already attached motherboard, proceed step Figure shows backplate retention frame Athlon processor heatsink. hardware shown Figure exactly match provided PIB.
Figure Retention Frame Backplate Athlon64 Processor Heatsink
Heatsink Installation Procedure
Follow these instructions install Athlon processor heatsink. CAUTION: with computer equipment, processor motherboard components damaged electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please take proper precautions when handling board processor. Warning: apply voltage until heatsink fully installed. voltage applied before heatsink fully installed, processor will overheat failure will result. Read through entire installation instructions completely make sure understand them before begin.
Place backplate flat surface. Peel release liner backplate. (See Figure page 14.)
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Figure Backplate Release Liner Gently lift motherboard edges over backplate. Align threaded standoffs backplate with mounting holes near socket motherboard. (See Figure
Figure Motherboard Placed Over Backplate Gently lower motherboard until standoffs through holes near socket backplate makes complete contact with motherboard. Press firmly processor socket ensure proper contact between backplate motherboard. (See Figure page 15.)
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Figure Ensure Proper Contact Between Backplate Motherboard Note: processor socket different from socket pictured Figure depending version Athlon processor being used. Carefully place retention frame motherboard. screw holes must align with backplate standoffs. (See Figure
Figure Retention Frame Screw Holes Aligned with Backplate Standoffs Place screws tighten down retention frame. (See Figure page 16.) Ensure that retention frame flat with motherboard. over-tighten screws.
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Figure Tightening Down Retention Frame Lift socket locking-lever. (Gently pull away from socket body, then lift up.) Warning: apply voltage until heatsink fully installed. voltage applied before heatsink fully installed, processor will overheat failure will result.
Gently place processor into zero insertion force (ZIF) socket. Athlon processor small triangle marking corner. (See Figure 10.) This triangle corresponds alignment marking motherboard. corner with triangle must located corresponding corner marked motherboard. careful bend processor pins.
Figure Alignment Markers Processor Motherboard Push down gently processor while lowering locking lever latching into fully locked position. (See Figure page 17.)
Heatsink Installation
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Figure Pushing Gently Down Processor Inspect thermal interface material bottom heatsink scratches gaps. heatsink thermal interface material pre-applied bottom. This material protected plastic cover. (See Figure 12.) thermal interface material scratches gaps. replacement thermal interface material needed, contact technical support assistance http://ask.amd.com (408) 749-3060. EMEA, please contact technical support assistance http://www.amd.com/support. heatsink removed reason, clean processor heatsink surface reapply AMD-approved thermal interface material before reinstalling processor. Remove discard plastic cover. careful touch scratch thermal interface material.
Figure Plastic Cover Over Thermal Interface Material Center heatsink over processor. (See Figure page 18.) mounting retention frame must match heatsink clip. heatsink must have full contact with processor.
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Heatsink Installation
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Figure Heatsink Centered Over Processor Hook spring clip under lever mounting retention frame. Some force need applied.
Figure Heatsink Spring Clip Ensure spring clip aligned with plastic retention frame. Carefully push straight down clip. (See Figure page 19.) This take more force than first side.
Heatsink Installation
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Figure Pushing Straight Down Clip spring clip must installed shown Figure
Figure Correctly Installed Spring Clip
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Carefully turn lever installed position. (See Figure 17.)
Figure Turning Lever Ensure lever fully rotated installed position. (See Figure 18.)
Figure Lever Installed Position
Heatsink Installation
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Connect power lead proper connector motherboard. Figure shows installed heatsink.
Figure Installed Heatsink Check installation completely make sure heatsink installed correctly before starting system. Power-on system. Verify immediately that processor heatsink turning rapid rate. spinning slow rate spinning all, power-down system immediately avoid thermal damage.
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Heatsink Installation
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Chapter
Hardware Considerations
frequently updates list motherboard solutions. most up-to-date list providers, please visit site.
EMEA, most up-to-date list providers, please visit site.
Note: links this chapter produce Error Page Found message, copy link, paste into Address line your browser, connect site from your browser.
System Enclosures Chassis Selection
Athlon64 processor-based motherboards leverage industry-standard tower pedestal chassis. selection proper system chassis critical element success finished system. best results, system builder should always contact motherboard chassis suppliers vendors verify that each chosen components supports desired system configuration. following data basic guideline that been tested engineering staff AMD. Note: This data only guideline substitute system builder verifying that chassis meets industry customer requirements, substitute system builder conducting research, testing, validation.
4.1.1
Basic System Enclosure Selection Guidelines
choice appropriate system enclosure depends many factors follows: must compatible with chosen motherboard power supply. Confirm motherboard power supply requirements with those suppliers. must allow enough airflow through system adequately cool internal components, especially critical parts like processor. must have good finish, e.g., razor-sharp edges.
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4.1.2
Basic Chassis Selection Guidelines
following some basic guidelines finding enclosure with adequate cooling capability: fans larger. Choose chassis with back that addition processor fan. Cables inside enclosure cause airflow disruptions. Using cable ties, route cables path cooling airflow. tower chassis, choose chassis with power supplies that have both ATX-style bottom intake vents front intake vents. When system tower chassis, there must clear space front chassis allow cool airflow space behind chassis heated flow out. Rear fans should exhaust same direction-out back chassis. Front intake fans significant benefit cooling tower chassis, should relied upon sole system. Testing done thermal engineers shown that airflow pattern Figure more desirable than airflow pattern seen Figure page When bottom inlet power supply used, nearly flows near through area processor. result, processor remains cooler.
4.1.3
Power Supply Considerations
Because heatsinks heat radiators, like radiator automobile, they need airflow function properly. Figure page shows desirable airflow through chassis. Desirable configurations bottom-inlet power supply.
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Figure Desirable Airflow-Power Supply with Bottom Inlet Figure shows undesirable airflow through chassis. Undesirable configurations frontinlet power supply.
Figure Undesirable Airflow-Power Supply with Front Inlet Only
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Power Supply Guidelines
Athlon processor-based motherboards designed leverage industry standard power supplies. selection proper system-power supply critical element success finished system. best results, system builder should always contact motherboard, power supply, chassis suppliers vendors verify that each chosen components supports desired system configuration, system builder should verify that support through internal testing validation.
4.2.1
Desktop Workstation Platform Power Supplies
Depending motherboard vendors' design requirements, desktop workstation platform either 12-V power supply, EPS12V. motherboard design power connectors. Usually separate power connector used provide power components. important that confirm with motherboard manufacturer exact connector requirements. Note: imperative that system builders ensure that power supply choice selected chassis mechanically compatible. order have reliable cost-effective system, system builders should calculate power requirements intended configuration. Note: System builders should refer motherboard manual check type power connector type power supply motherboard uses. motherboard, power supply, case must mechanically electrically compatible.
4.2.2
Calculating System Power Consumption
total combined wattage system configuration must less than output power supply used. Overall current usage limitation power supply should exceed combined system power output +5-V +3.3-V outputs. power worksheets given Table page Table page calculate system power consumption. current voltage requirements add-in boards peripherals, refer your vendor's documents. current draw each voltage should included with documentation from motherboard vendor. Power Worksheet 1-Component Power list peak current each board device applicable appropriate voltage level column. currents each column, then Power Worksheet 2-Total Watts.
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Table Power Worksheet 1-Component Power
Device Item Maximum Current Each Voltage Level +3.3 Motherboard w/on-board devices System Processor Memory module card modem card sound card card SCSI card Other card/Bus card RAID card hard drive SCSI hard drive CD-ROM drive CD-RW drive drive Floppy disk drive Tape drive drive devices IEEE 1394 devices Keyboard Mouse Other devices any) Processor Total current devices
following steps determine total combined power used system. From Power Worksheet 1-Component Power, enter total current each column. Multiply voltage total current total wattage each voltage level. total wattage each voltage level arrive total combined power usage power supply. Chapter Hardware Considerations
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations Table Power Worksheet 2-Total Watts
Voltage Level Total Current +3.3 (total amps) (total amps) (I/O) (total amps) (processor) (total amps) (total amps) (total amps) Total= Total Watts Each Voltage Level Total Watts +3.3 Total Watts Total Watts (I/O)
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Total Watts (processor) Total Watts Total Watts Total Combined Wattage=
Note: calculate processor current 12-V source:
processor core voltage processor core current 1.25
Where source voltage 1.25 reciprocal voltage regulator efficiency.
Athlon64 Processor Thermal Solution Guidelines
This information only guideline systems being constructed intended substitute system builder verification, validation, testing reliability effectiveness thermal solution. reliable operation Athlon processor-based systems, selection correct thermal solution critical. list heatsink suppliers that have developed products designed support Athlon processors, please visit site.
EMEA, list heatsink suppliers that have developed products designed support Athlon processors, please visit site.
This selection suppliers found these sites frequently updated intended comprehensive listing heatsinks that support Athlon processors.
Hardware Considerations
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Memory Guidelines Athlon64 Processor-Based Systems
Athlon processor-based platforms designed leverage industry standard registered DIMMs unbuffered DIMMs, depending processor type motherboard design. independent testing company, Computer Memory Test Labs (CMTL), conducted memory compatibility testing. CMTL independent test facility able test modules from different module suppliers. System builders should access CMTL site http://www.cmtlabs.com view recommended memory module list specific motherboard manufacturer motherboard model.
Note: CMTL website provided informational purposes only, recommends that system builder conduct testing validation confirm that memory modules suitable systems.
Several Athlon processor-based motherboards currently support some following memory features: PC1600, PC2100, PC2700, PC3200 registered unbuffered memory modules 184-pin 2.5-V 2.6-V DIMMs 28-bit memory 64-Mbyte, 128-Mbyte, 256-Mbyte, 512-Mbyte, 1-Gbyte, 2-Gbyte 4-Gbyte memory technology Production DIMMs from industry standard DRAM memory manufacturers-The registered unbuffered types DIMMs should match type which motherboard designed.
Table explains differences between Athlon processor series model numbers.
Table Athlon64 Processor Series
Series Athlon64 (939-Pin 940-Pin) Processor High-performance workstation server applications Performance Frequency Integrated memory controller Athlon64 (939-Pin) Processor Performance desktop workstation applications Athlon64 (754-Pin) Processor Performance desktop workstation applications
comprehensive list available processors found site
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Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
Table Athlon64 Processor Series (Continued) Series Memory Type Athlon64 (939-Pin 940-Pin) Processor Registered (940-pin) Unbuffered (939-pin)
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Athlon64 (939-Pin) Processor Unbuffered
Athlon64 (754-Pin) Processor Registered unbuffered (not interchangeable, board designed other) 64-bit Mbytes Gbyte (unbuffered) Mbytes Gbytes (registered)
Memory Width DIMM Sizes
128-bit 64-bit Mbytes Gbytes (940-pin) Mbytes Gbyte (939-pin)
128-bit 64-bit Mbytes Gbyte
DRAM Devices
bits wide (940-pin) bits wide (939-pin)
bits wide
bits wide
DRAM protection HyperTransporttechnology HyperTransportlink width HyperTransportbus frequency AMD64 HyperTransportbandwidth Simultaneous 64-bit computing Cache size (data/instruction) Cache size Pipeline stages (integer/floating point)
bits bits (940-pin) (939-pin) Gbytes/s (939-pin) Kbytes/64 Kbytes Mbyte 12/17
bits bits
bits bits Gbytes/s Kbytes/64 Kbytes 256-Kbyte, 512-Kbyte, 1-Mbyte options 12/17
Gbytes/s (940-pin) Gbytes/s Kbytes/64 Kbytes 512-Kbyte 1-Mbyte options 12/17
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Table Athlon64 Processor Series (Continued) Series L1/L2 data cache protection L1/L2 instruction cache protection Athlon64 (939-Pin 940-Pin) Processor Parity Athlon64 (939-Pin) Processor Parity Athlon64 (754-Pin) Processor Parity
Note: different pin-count packages have different footprints.
940-Pin Footprint
939-Pin Footprint
754-Pin Footprint
Chipset Information
offers array chipset products designed unleash full power Athlon processors. From workstations multiprocessor servers, provides world-class highperformance chipset solution enable most demanding designs.
4.5.1
AMD-8000Series Chipset
Ushering next generation computing platforms, introduces AMD-8000series core-logic components designed support Athlon processor. Implementing HyperTransport technology system backbone, these core-logic elements deliver outstanding performance design flexibility. This chipset consists several "building block" components that used together variety system designs.
4.5.1.1 AMD-8151HyperTransportAGP3.0 Graphics Tunnel
AMD-8151HyperTransportAGP3.0 graphics tunnel provides AGP3.0 capability workstation platforms requiring high-end graphics performance. Included AMD-8151 graphics tunnel following high-level features: AGP3.0 interface HyperTransport tunnel
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Refer AMD-8151 graphics tunnel product brief Preliminary AMD-8151HyperTransportAGP3.0 Graphics Tunnel Data Sheet, order# 24888 detailed specifications.
4.5.1.2 AMD-8131HyperTransportPCI-X® Tunnel
Targeting server workstation applications, AMD-8131HyperTransportPCI-X® tunnel provides high-speed PCI-X capability platforms requiring high-performance expansion. AMD-8131 tunnel high-level feature-set includes following: Dual PCI-X interface (supporting 133-MHz, 100-Mhz, 66-MHz, legacy-PCI speeds). HyperTransport tunnel APIC
Refer AMD-8131 tunnel product brief Preliminary AMD-8131HyperTransportPCI-X® Tunnel Data Sheet, order# 24637 detailed specifications.
4.5.1.3 AMD-8111HyperTransportI/O
AMD-8111HyperTransport integrates system functions into single component. AMD-8111 high-level feature-set includes following: HyperTransport interface 10/100 Ethernet EIDE Controller, supporting ATA-133 AC`97 Audio, buses-PCI, LPC, SMbus, APIC
Refer AMD-8111 chipset component product brief AMD-8111HyperTransportI/O Data Sheet, order# 24674 detailed specifications.
4.5.2
Graphics Storage
Workstations typically more graphic-intensive than servers. workstation used single user running applications that more processor-intensive than desktop. Programs such systems, scientific analysis programs such finite element analysis, etc., very graphic intensive. These types applications require higher graphics capability than desktop systems. Therefore, building workstation would want motherboard that supports AGP-8X graphics interface, such provided with AMD-8151 HyperTransport AGP3.0 tunnel.
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Athlon64 Processor Drivers Utilities
CPUID-This application executes displays return data from CPUID instruction set. source code provided. Processor Information Display Utility-This utility displays processor signature, approximate speed, L1/L2 cache sizes, processor revision, instruction extensions supported. Athlon64 Processor Cool Quiet!Software Windows® Windows® 2000-Cool Quiet! technology allows system dynamically automatically select processor speed, voltage, power combination match instantaneous user performance need. These changes happen often times second. Athlon64 Processor Driver Windows® (exe)-AMD Athlon Processor Driver Windows® allows system automatically adjust processor speed, voltage, power combination match instantaneous user performance need. Download this Setup Installation program (EXE) automatically update files necessary installation. This package recommended users desire graphical user interface installation. This .EXE driver user-friendly localized software installation driver designed end-users. Athlon64 Processor Driver Windows® (zip)-AMD Athlon Processor Driver Windows allows system automatically adjust processor speed, voltage, power combination match instantaneous user performance need. Download this Setup Installation program (ZIP) automatically update files necessary installation using Have Disk feature Install Driver button Device Manager install this driver.
latest Athlon64 processor drivers utilities found downloaded from EMEA, these utilities found downloaded from http://www.amd.com/drivers.
AMD-8000Series Chipset Drivers
Table page shows AMD-8000 series chipset components drivers Microsoft® operating systems.
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Table Microsoft® Drivers AMD-8000Series Chipset Components
32-Bit Operating Systems Drivers Microsoft® Operating Systems Windows® Windows 2000 Windows Windows Server 2003 64-Bit Operating Systems Windows 64-Bit Editions AMD64 enabled natively enabled natively
AMD-8151HyperTransportAGP3.0 Graphics Tunnel Driver AMD-8131HyperTransportPCI-X® Tunnel IOAPIC Controller Driver AMD-8131 HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel Driver AMD-8111I/O EIDE Driver AMD-8111 System Management Controller Driver AMD-8111 10/100 Ethernet Controller Driver AMD-8111 AC`97 Audio Controller Driver AMD-8111 SMBus Controller Driver AMD-8111 HighPrecision Event Timer Driver Pack
enabled natively enabled natively enabled natively enabled natively enabled natively enabled natively
latest drivers visit www.amd.com/drivers
Table page shows AMD-8000 series core logic (chipset) drivers Linux operating systems.
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Table Linux Drivers AMD-8000Series Chipset Components
Drivers Linux Operating Systems AMD-8151HyperTransportAGP3.0 Graphics Tunnel Driver Linux Platforms AMD-8151 HyperTransport AGP3.0 Graphics Tunnel Driver Linux Platforms AMD-8131PCI-X® Tunnel Standard Hot-Plug Controller (SHPC) Driver Version 1.03 Linux AMD-811110/100 Ethernet Driver Linux AMD-8111 AC'97 Audio Driver Linux AMD-8111 Linux Kernel 2.4.18 Kernel 2.4.20 Kernel 2.4.21 Kernel 2.5,
latest drivers visit www.amd.com/drivers
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Reduction Techniques
These electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction techniques implemented with relatively short lead-times final system-assembly stage. Proper electromagnetic compliance (EMC) motherboard design techniques assumed. effectiveness EMI-reduction techniques varies from system system. This chapter provided guideline only, help identify close common energy paths that allow radiated emissions escape from chassis enclosure.
Emission Standards
emissions from computer system must controlled kept below regulatory limits. Radiated emissions measured with antenna located specified distance from computer system under test. There different standards systems marketed United States Europe, standards continually updated. Typically, most computers must meet Class Class requirements sold Europe.
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Builder Reduction Techniques
This document describes system-level reduction techniques based past successful problem resolution radiated emissions. techniques described able implemented final system assembly stage with relatively short lead-time. This document does contain long lead-time techniques involving motherboard re-layout chassis sheet metal redesign. Proper up-front electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) motherboard design techniques assumed. more information these techniques, please refer Athlon64 OpteronProcessors Motherboard Design Guide, order# 25180. effectiveness following reduction techniques varies among different computer systems. engineering tests must performed determine effective each following reduction techniques particular system. following list reduction techniques numbered recommended order evaluation relative simplicity. Each item described detail clarity.
Spread Spectrum Clocking
processors designed with spread spectrum clocking enabled. Ensure that motherboard BIOS enabled spread spectrum feature system clock generator. Enabling spread spectrum setting often lowers frequency amplitudes more that
Chapter Reduction Techniques
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations Disable Unused Clocks
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Clock signals that have load have high levels ringing that lead problems. motherboard BIOS firmware should programmed detect disable unused memory DIMM clocks.
Processor Heatsink Cable Routing
problem sometimes encountered with processor heatsink cable large loop formed routing motherboard connector. Shorten this cable length reduce loop area much possible.
Power Supply Cable Routing
Historically, system power supply cable been found very susceptible picking energy from within system coupling into power supply then onto power cord. Keep power supply cable against metal chassis away from processor, memory DIMMs, components possible. this cable routing place with plastic cable ties.
Other Internal Cable Routing
Cable routing inside system should generally routed along metal chassis away from sources such processor heatsink, clock modules, memory DIMMS, components, high speed VLSI modules. Internal cables that connect front ports such Audio particularly sensitive. shielded cable ferrite core both over these internal cables effective reducing EMI.
Rear Connector Shield
common problem many computer systems poor electrical contact between connector metal housings, metal connector plate, system chassis wall. This problem soft metal being used connector plate insufficient number spring-finger contacts. solution hardened stainless spring steel with sufficient number contact points connectors wall system chassis. Each connector housing should have least contacts general rule, there should contact point least every between connector plate chassis. quick remedy this condition exists, die-cut, conductive, foam gasket matching connector pattern added improve connector grounding chassis.
Chassis Shielding
chassis designs have gaps seams enable assembly option installation. From standpoint, however, some gaps worse than others. important dimension seam longest dimension. slide piece paper several inches along seam, that
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seam could cause problem. Spring fingers foam gasket used seal these gaps seams.
Processor Heatsink Grounding
Although grounding processor heatsink been required Athlon64 processor-based systems, grounding processor heatsink further lower harmonic levels processor. Many Athlon processor-based motherboards contain grounding pads around footprint area processor. These grounding pads utilized ground heatsink motherboard ground. excessive system level radiated emissions exist after attempting listed reduction techniques, then more extensive remedies necessary. First, determine emissions emanate from system cables (including power cord) from aperture leaks system chassis. emissions emanate from particular cable, then improved filtering cable shielding required that cable. emissions emanate from slots seams chassis enclosure, copper tape across apertures improve shielding effectiveness. copper tape reduces emission levels satisfactory level, then chassis sheet metal changes conductive gasketing added that location.
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Appendix
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure
Always verify that system building only uses components from list recommended AMD, follow recommendations outlined this document select suitable component, then follow this procedure build your system additional configuration information, EMEA, please
Note: links this appendix produce Error Page Found message, copy link, paste into Address line your browser, connect site from your browser.
Ensure selected motherboard appropriate chosen processor model frequency.
Verify that your case follows system case (chassis) airflow guidelines website.
Calculate power requirements intended configuration prior selecting installing power supply.
Note: Ensure that power supply wattage selected meets intended configuration requirement motherboard chassis electrically mechanically compatible.
Ensure that properly grounded times during system construction protect delicate electronic components from static electricity damage. Install selected hard drives, floppy disk drives, CD-ROM player, other devices into chassis.
Note: Check hard drive installation guide. full performance, must also install appropriate data cable (see drive installation instructions).
Remove motherboard from protective packaging place firm (but hard) surface-ideally surface will grounded anti-static pad.
Appendix
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
31684 Rev. 3.00
September 2004
Remove Athlon64 processor from protective packaging (always make sure electrically grounded), install processor into motherboard socket, then install only recommended heatsink assembly. more specific information, follow instructions found Chapter this document. Check motherboard jumper settings. (Most motherboards require jumpers.) Install assembled motherboard processor with heatsink into chassis. Always install standoffs needed support motherboard, especially areas where cards will placed. Ensure selected memory (256 Mbytes more recommended workstations) shown motherboard maker's recommended memory list. motherboard manufacturer does have verified/recommended memory listing, check with memory supplier verify that they have tested your chosen motherboard deemed compatible with DIMM memory modules plan use. Install recommended memory into motherboard. sure install sequence required chosen motherboard. Verify each memory DIMM inserted into socket locked place. Install high-performance video graphics card. Have latest drivers available (see site card maker). will need drivers shortly. Connect power cables drives motherboard. Connect hard drive, floppy disk drive, (CD-ROM) data cables normal manner. Verify that cables installed securely with proper edge near Connect monitor data cable, keyboard cable, mouse cable rear system. Install AC-line power cord power supply connect power outlet. sites motherboard vendor chipset maker latest drivers utilities. Check your motherboard vendor's site latest version BIOS, miniport driver mastering driver. (AMD drivers available chipsets www.amd.com. EMEA, please http://www.amd.com/drivers.) Check peripheral manufacturer's site latest drivers sound card, network interface card, video graphics card, other added devices. Power system begin loading software drivers, following installation instructions.
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure
Appendix
31684 Rev. 3.00
September 2004
Builder's Guide Athlon64 ProcessorBased Desktops Workstations
Make sure system starts runs reliably with just graphics card installed. Restart system multiple times. following steps install additional cards this time, additional cards installed. Turn system unplug before installing each card. Install additional cards time. Restart system after every card installation.
Note: have difficulties with installation cards drivers, contact your hardware vendor.
install each card, verify card properly seated (connector fully inserted into slot, front back) that retention screws place. Test complete system proper operation. system functions properly, load other software.
Appendix
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
31684 Rev. 3.00
September 2004
Athlon64 Processor-Based System Build Procedure
Appendix
31684 Rev. 3.00
September 2004
Builder's Guide Athlon64 ProcessorBased Desktops Workstations
Appendix
Athlon64 Processor FAQs
Appendix contains frequently asked questions concerning Athlon64 processors validated server program.
What software supports these processors?
Athlon processors based industry-standard instruction thus supported thousands applications based this instruction set. 32-bit Microsoft® Windows® operating systems, including Microsoft Windows Server 2003, include support Athlon processor, major 32-bit Linux distributions SuSE, Hat, TurboLinux, MandrakeSoft, SCO, among others. Commercial 64-bit versions SuSE Linux, United Linux, MandrakeSoft available today several other 64-bit operating systems development, including 64-bit version Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Microsoft Windows Sixty-four-bit applications Athlon processor include Apache Server, Mental Ray, Zeus, Cluster Strike Server, SendMail, SQL, DB2, Ingres. Sixty-four-bit versions Microsoft IIS, Stronghold, Oracle Server 2000, Terminal server, Synopsys VCS, Unicenter under development. Athlon processor x86-based processor that simultaneously 32-bit 64-bit applications, with leading performance both. This gives businesses competitive advantage with world-leading 32-bit performance, while allowing them easily take advantage 64-bit applications when conditions right their business choosing open-standard, non-proprietary computer architecture, business maintain current investment lower total cost ownership-there need retrain professionals proprietary architecture, forced migration 64-bit applications, need overhaul hardware change existing software. fully backward-compatible microprocessor, Athlon processor designed support existing 32-bit server, desktop, workstation operating systems from Microsoft (Windows Server 2003, Windows etc.), major Linux distributors (Red Hat, SuSE, TurboLinux, SCO, MandrakeSoft), Microsystems Solaris. addition, several 64-bit operating systems exist production versions (SuSE Linux Enterprise Server UnitedLinux MandrakeLinux Corporate Version NetBSD) several, including Windows AMD64, Advanced Server 3.0, TurboLinux, development. Athlon processor architecture designed provide unparalleled performance supports instruction set, delivering outstanding performance both 32-bit code 64-bit code. need memory-intensive 64-bit applications becomes greater,
Athlon64 Processor FAQs
What value proposition Athlon processor?
What operating systems does Athlon processor support?
What benefits Athlon processor?
Appendix
Builder's Guide Athlon64 Processor-Based Desktops Workstations
31684 Rev. 3.00
September 2004
plan managers seamlessly move 64-bit applications that benefit their business while continuing leverage their investment 32-bit software personnel. Additionally, HyperTransporttechnology interface addresses high memory bandwidth needs believe will required future personal computers, workstations, servers.
What specific applications benefit from performance Athlon processor?
Many applications will faster Athlon processor doubled-data paths. Current 32-bit processors have 4-GByte memory addressing cap. 40-bit physical 48-bit virtual addressing Athlon processor remove that limitation, permitting Terabyte (Tbyte) physical memory space Tbytes virtual memory addressing space. E-commerce applications, ERP, CRM, other highly transactional database applications benefit from Athlon processor's larger cache, workload features that make manipulating larger data sets faster. Other large data applications that benefit from Athlon processor include type applications, well financial scientific modeling applications.
Athlon64 Processor FAQs
Appendix
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