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Rebuilding Excalibur Dynamic Reconfiguration
with Linux Demonstration
June 2003, ver. Application Note
This application note discusses Linux operating systems walks through steps rebuilding dynamic reconfiguration Excaliburdevices with Linux demonstration from source code running board. demonstration exhibits capability Excalibur devices perform following operations:
embedded Linux dynamically load unload device drivers reconfigure FPGA portion Excalibur device without interrupting operating system network connectivity
Linux Overview
more information Excalibur Linux reconfiguration demonstration, 278: Excalibur Dynamic Reconfigurations with Linux Demonstration. This section gives overview operating systems Linux.
Operating Systems
software requirements embedded application often simple enough that there need actual operating system-one encompassing while loop that needed. However, some today's embedded applications quite complex, requiring software manage large number tasks hardware devices simultaneously. these situations, advantages employing operating system quickly become apparent. Operating systems typically provide following five basic services:
Memory management Task scheduling Network connectivity File system Scripting ability
Linux
Linux quickly becoming more popular operating systems embedded systems. following desirable characteristics that helping promote popularity:
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AN-267-1.0
267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
Open source. source code Linux kernel available free under Public License (GPL). freely modified optimize functionality required specific application. Architecture independence Portability. Linux generally speaking, dependent processor architecture. ported platforms with relative ease. Extensive networking support. Linux designed network-centric operating system. transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) stack even included with operating system. Familiarity. Linux environment with which many designers comfortable, meaning productivity achieved very quickly.
Embedded Linux versus Desktop Linux
Embedded Linux runs very same kernel that desktop computers. difference that resources available embedded environment typically much less than those available desktop computer. strength Linux that kernel relatively small. Hence, when running Linux embedded system, only features, drivers, utilities that needed must installed. kernel remains essentially same.
Getting Started
This section involves following steps:
Hardware Software Requirements Before Begin Install Demonstration Files Build Kernel Build Applications
Hardware Software Requirements
rebuild EPXA1 Linux reconfiguration demonstration, require following hardware software:
Root access Linux with Ethernet connectivity. GNUPro software development tools (version arm9-020528 higher) Quartus® software (version higher) MontaVista Linux Professional Edition Preview MontaVista EPXA1 Linux Support Package (LSP) EPXA1 Development
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
ARMBoot
ARMBoot bootloader included with MontaVista EPXA1 LSP. embedded bootloader that available free under Public License (GPL). This version been ported with EPXA1 Development Board.
MontaVista Linux Professional Edition
MontaVista Linux Professional Edition leading cross-development environment embedded Linux. Linux package which this reconfiguration demonstration based. Along with Linux kernel, Professional Edition provides large number libraries, utilities, drivers. EPXA1 LSP, available with Professional Edition package, provides additional board-specific support EPXA1 Development Board.
MontaVista Linux Preview
Preview free version MontaVista Linux that used test-drive MontaVista development environment without having purchase Professional Edition. provides much functionality Professional Edition, used rebuild EPXA1 reconfiguration demonstration.
Before Begin
Before begin must perform following actions:
Familiarize yourself with EPXA1 Linux reconfiguration demonstration Erase flash memory Complete steps MontaVista Quick Start Guide
Erase Flash Memory
Before begin, must erase flash memory EPXA1 board ensure that residual flash data interferes with demonstration. erase flash memory EPXA1 development board, power board, connect ByteBlaster download cable, type following commands: exc_flash_programmer exc_flash_programmer
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
MontaVista Quick Start Guide
Before begin, must complete steps described CrossDevelopment Quick Start Guide. This document included MontaVista Linux Professional Edition MontaVista Linux Preview Kit.
Install Demonstration Files
demonstration consists zipped files: source code, including kernel, file system that ultimately resides flash memory target device. download files from Altera site install them your Linux perform following steps: Connect ftp.altera.com with client. Login anonymous. Enter your email address password. Change outgoing directory. transfer type binary. following files: epxa1db.tz filesystem.tz
Create project directory. project directory must accessible Linux that will build.
Extract project source files into this project directory, typing following commands: <project directory>r -zxvf epxa1db.tzr install file system, must have root privileges, because file system includes device nodes /dev directory.
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
Extract file system files, typing following commands: <provide root password>r <install directory>/epxa1dbr -zxvf filesystem.tzr
Build Kernel
perform kernel build from kernel source tree, perform following steps:
Using MontaVista Graphical Interface Using Command-line Interface Bootable Header Kernel Image Program Kernel into Flash Boot Kernel
Using MontaVista Graphical Interface
MontaVista toolset provides tool configuring building Linux kernel called targetconf. Before targetconf, must update .targetconfrc file your home directory. have never targetconf before, must once create ~/.targetconfrc Once this file created, open text editor between lines: <PROJECT_DIR_LIST> </PROJECT_DIR_LIST> Insert following line: <PROJECT_DIR><install <install directory> directory which extracted demonstration source files.
Type targetconf start targetconf GUI. build kernel, perform following steps: Select epxa1db project click Open Project.
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
Choose Open Config (File menu), select epxa1db_demo.cfg, click (Optional) click Configure Kernel view configuration this build. Click Build Target start build.
Depending your computer speed, building kernel take between minutes. After build completion, kernel image, zImage, available <install directory>/kernel/arch/arm/boot directory.
Using Command-line Interface
wish MontaVista build kernel, also built from Linux command prompt. build kernel from Linux prompt, type following commands: <install directory>/epxa1db/kernelr make zImager with MontaVista targetconf build, kernel image, zImage created <install directory>/kernel/arch/arm/boot directory.
Bootable Header Kernel Image
bootloader, ARMboot, recognize kernel image that you've created, header must added front image that ARMboot this header, mkimage utility, which included with MontaVista toolset. ARMboot header kernel image, line type following command: /opt/hardhat/host/bin/mkimage linux kernel none 0xa00000 0xa00000 linux <install directory>/kernel/arch/arm/boot /zImage zImage.binr exact location mkimage differ, install MontaVista tools default location
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
Program Kernel into Flash
that have bootable kernel image, burn into flash memory EPXA1 Development Board that booted. first, must convert into .hex file that flash programmer read. Additionally, because have already programmed ARMboot into bottom flash memory 0x0, should give kernel offset overwrite ARMboot. this example, will offset 0x30000. Both these tasks accomplished with arm-elfobjcopy command. convert bootable kernel image .hex file format, line type following command: arm-elf-objcopy binary ihex -changeaddress=0x30000 zImage.bin zImage.hexr Now, with ByteBlasterII download cable connected, program .hex file into flash memory, typing following host command: exc_flash_programmer zImage.hexr exc_flash_programmer utility fails your Linux machine, ensure that ByteBlaster driver installed machine. Refer document Quartus Installation Licensing UNIX Linux Workstations instructions installing this driver.
Boot Kernel
that kernel flash, boot must first change parameter ARMboot that specifies where kernel. boot kernel, perform following steps: Reset EPXA1 development board. terminal, stop ARMboot hitting key. Change bootcmd parameter ARMboot with following commands setenv bootcmd bootm 0x40030000r saveenvr Boot Linux typing command: bootdr
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
kernel boots board from flash memory, root file system still mounted over NFS.
Copy Target File System Flash Memory
next step transfer target's root file system from network file system (NFS) share into target's flash memory, making completely autonomous. root file system that want into flash memory same file system that connecting over NFS. currently mounting default MontaVista file system stored host, which into flash memory. file system this demonstration much smaller contains files that need demonstration. copy file system flash memory must make file system stored host accessible NFS. This similar default MontaVista file system made available MontaVista Quick Start Guide. copy file system flash memory, perform following steps: Login root following line /etc/exports (this line vary install file system default location): <install directory>/epxa1db/filesystem* Reset daemon with following command: /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restartr onto EPXA1 Development Board root using terminal. Once logged type following commands: mkdir /tmp/fsr mkdir /tmp/flashr mount rsize=1024,wsize=1024 137.57.193.134:<install directory>/epxa1db/filesystem /tmp/fsr mount jffs2 /dev/mtdblock0 /tmp/flash /tmp/flash/*r
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
Ensure that command never anytime currently mounted root file system flash memory, otherwise system will crash.
/tmp/fs/* /tmp/flashr This command will take several minutes complete. above commands must entered line.
root file system located flash memory, although Linux still using mounted over host. change this must change parameter ARMboot. mount root file system stored flash, perform following steps: Reset EPXA1 Development Board. terminal, stop ARMboot hitting key. Change bootargs parameter ARMboot with following commands: setenv bootargs mem=31M console=ttyUA0,57600 root=/dev/mtdblock0 ip=<ip addr>:<host ip>:<default gw>:<net mask>:epxa1:eth0:off parameter necessary using dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP). above command must entered line.
Type bootd boot Linux.
EPXA1 Development board autonomous Linux platform that contains both kernel root file system on-board. want take snapshot flash memory easy re-programming board later time. save flash memory contents into .hex files, following host commands with ByteBlaster cable connected: exc_flash_programmer demo0.hexr exc_flash_programmer demo1.hexr time, entire system restored with following commands: exc_flash_programmer demo0.hexr exc_flash_programmer demo1.hex
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
EPXA1 reconfiguration demonstration described 278: EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration.
Build Applications
demonstration includes source code applications, which also rebuild. rebuild applications, following commands host: maker make installr When building applications, encounter following error: Error: Line line number data file <file>.txt valid encounter this error, open file specified error message remove empty line file. This software version issue depends version software that using. When building applications, some files target file system updated, therefore target file system must re-copied into flash memory, before download applications.
Summary
EPXA1 Linux reconfiguration demonstration shows capilities flexibility Excalibur devices. demonstration basis developing embedded systems that require high-performance processor running Linux configurability FPGA.
Innovation Drive Jose, 95134 (408) 544-7000 http://www.altera.com Applications Hotline: (800) 800-EPLD Literature Services: lit_req@altera.com
Copyright 2003 Altera Corporation. Altera, Programmable Solutions Company, stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, other words logos that identified trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, trademarks service marks Altera Corporation U.S. other countries. other product service names property their respective holders. Altera products protected under numerous U.S. foreign patents pending applications, mask work rights, copyrights. Altera warrants performance semiconductor products current specifications accordance with Altera's standard warranty, reserves right make changes products services time without notice. Altera assumes responsibility liability arising application information, product, service described herein except expressly agreed writing Altera Corporation. Altera customers advised obtain latest version device specifications before relying published information before placing orders products services. rights reserved.
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267: Rebuilding EPXA1 Linux Reconfiguration Demonstration
more information Excalibur devices, Excalibur Device Hardware Reference Manual.
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