292093 KATEN SHAH APPLICATION ENGINEER September 1992 O

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292093 KATEN SHAH APPLICATION ENGINEER September 1992 O

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Intel 82077SL Super Dense Floppies
292093
KATEN SHAH APPLICATION ENGINEER
September 1992
Order Number 292093-002
Information this document provided connection with Intel products Intel assumes liability whatsoever including infringement patent copyright sale Intel products except provided Intel's Terms Conditions Sale such products Intel retains right make changes these specifications time without notice Microcomputer Products have minor variations this specification known errata Other brands names property their respective owners Since publication documents referenced this document registration Pentium OverDrive iCOMP trademarks been issued Intel Corporation Contact your local Intel sales office your distributor obtain latest specifications before placing your product order Copies documents which have ordering number referenced this document other Intel literature obtained from Intel Corporation 7641 Prospect 60056-7641 call 1-800-879-4683
COPYRIGHT INTEL CORPORATION 1996
Intel 82077SL Super Dense Floppies
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION PURPOSE PERPENDICULAR RECORDING MODE PERPENDICULAR DRIVE FORMAT SPECIFICATION PERPENDICULAR MODE COMMAND PAGE
CONTENTS
82077AA SL'S PERPENDICULAR MODE SUPPORT PROGRAMMING PERPENDICULAR MODE
PAGE
INTERFACE BETWEEN 82077AA DRIVE
82077SL DESIGN
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INTRODUCTION
evolution floppy been marked little over decade significant increase capacity accompanied noticeable decrease form factor from early inch floppy disks present inch floppy disks This decade will also remarkable OEMs adopt ``Super'' dense floppies most commonly seen floppies today invariably form factors Each form factor several associated capacity ranges floppies available (single density) (double density) (high density) floppies available (double density) (high density) emerging super dense floppies will evolve installed base floppies latest member this (extra density) floppy pioneered Toshiba cornerstone market acceptance newer drives compatibility older family (formatted) floppy drive allows user format read from write lower density diskettes programs data files bigger demand higher capacity floppies becomes obvious There several higher density drives available from various vendors with capacities well into range introduced drive companies such Insite have introduced drives Both drives require servo-mechanisms accurately position head over right track NEC's drive standard floppy drive interface whereas Insite's interface SCSI based market these floppy drives will remain niche unless they receive more support Initiated Toshiba's research innovation higher density floppy disk media market headed towards super dense floppy drive After
IBM's endorsement (unformatted) floppy disk drives their model model several OEMs have shown growing interest ``super'' dense floppy disk drives latest supports floppy media BIOS vendors like Pheonix Award Quadtel System Soft Microid support newer floppy media
PURPOSE
important consideration implement floppy drive floppy disk controller Intel's highly integrated floppy disk controller 82077AA market supporting floppy drive ingredients necessary fully support these drives Mbps transfer rate perpendicular recording mode This paper deals with discussion what perpendicular mode floppy disk drive implemented system using 82077AA
PERPENDICULAR RECORDING MODE
Toshiba taken floppy doubled storage capacity doubling number bits track Toshiba achieved this innovative magnetic recording mode called vertical perpendicular recording mode This mode utilizes magnetization perpendicular recording medium plane This contrast current mode longitudinal recording which uses magnetization parallel recording plane making bits stand vertical opposed their side recording density effectively doubled Figure perpendicular mode recording only produces sharp magnetization transitions necessary higher recording densities also more stable
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disks utilize barium ferrite coated substrates achieve perpendicular mode magnetization Current disks cobalt iron oxide (Co-g-Fe2O3) coating longitudinal recording barium ferrite ensures good head medium contact stable output durability terms long High coercivity required attain high recording density longitudinal recording medium (coercivity specification disk refers magnetic field strength required make accurate record disk) conventional head could used this case however barium
ferrite disk coercivity conventional ferrite head used combination heads include pre-erase mechanism ferrite ring heads containing erase elements followed read write head These erase elements have deep overwrite penetration ensure complete erasure writing data distance between erase elements read write head about 200mm This distance important from floppy disk controller point view will discussed later sections
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Figure Perpendicular Longitudinal Recording
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PERPENDICULAR DRIVE FORMAT SPECIFICATION
Figures show drive format both double density perpendicular modes recording main difference recording format length Gap2 between field Data field main reason increased Gap2 length preerase head preceding read write head newer floppy drives size data field maintained KBytes standard increase capacity implemented increasing number sectors from Table shows specifications various capacity drives
PERPENDICULAR MODE COMMAND
current 82077AA parts contain ``enhanced'' perpendicular mode command shown Figure This byte command with first byte being command code (0x12H) byte contains parameters required enable perpendicular mode recording former command older 82077 parts) included only WGATE bits This command compatible older mode where only LSBs written enhanced mode allows system designers designate specific drives perpendicular recording drives second byte will referenced byte ease discussion following discusses enhanced perpendicular recording mode
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Figure Conventional Format (MFM)
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Figure Perpendicular Format (MFM) Data
Phase
Remarks
PERPENDICULAR MODE COMMAND Command Command Code WGATE
Figure Perpendicular Mode Command
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Table Specifications FDDs Various Parameters Used Different Kinds FDDs Number Cylinders Sectors Track Formatted Capacity Unformatted Capacity Rotation Speed (rpm) Track Density (tpi) Recording Density (bpi) Data Transfer Rate (Mbps) Length Read Write Length Format Sector Size Density Notation 5876 9870 8717 17432 88MB 34868
following describes various functions programmed bits this high ignored other words only WGATE considered order select drive perpendicular necessary select This refers drive specification bits corresponds These bits considered only During READ WRITE FORMAT command drive selected these commands compared bits match then perpendicular mode will enabled that drive example then drive will configured perpendicular mode This alters Gap2 length required perpendicular mode format WGATE Write gate alters timing allow pre-erase loads perpendicular drives VCOEN timing length Gap2 field (explained above) altered accommodate
unique requirements floppy drives WGATE bits Table describes effects WGATE bits perpendicular command
82077AA SL's PERPENDICULAR MODE SUPPORT
82077AA 82077SL both support recording mode 82077SL power management features included well Both product lines have three versions each which versions support floppy drives 82077AA-1 82077AA 82077SL 82077SL-1 support floppy drives single command puts 82077AA into perpendicular mode This mode also requires data rate Mbps FIFO that unique Intel's 82077AA parts become necessary remove host interface bottleneck higher data rate floppy disk drives downward compatible floppy diskettes following discussion explains implications combination head functionality perpendicular mode command
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Table Effects WGATE Bits Time after Index Pulse Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Length Gap2 Format Field Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Portion Gap2 Written Write Data Operation Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes Gap2 Time Read Operations Bytes Bytes Bytes Bytes
WGATE
Mode
Conventional Perpendicular (Data Rate kbps) Conventional Perpendicular
implementation drives requires understanding Gap2 (see Figures timing requirements unique these drives These requirements dictated design ``combination head'' these drives Rewriting disks drives requires pre-erase erase magnetic flux disk preceding writing read write read write drive does have sufficient penetration shown Figure overwrite existing data conventional drives read write sufficient depth could effectively overwrite older data depicted Figure must noted that necessary write
conventional media drive Kbps perpendicular mode This ensures proper erasure existing data reliable write data pre-erase floppy drives activated only during format write commands Both preerase read write activated same time shown Figure pre-erase precedes read write 200mm This distance translated bytes about bytes data rate Mbps bytes Kbps Whenever read write enabled Write Gate signal pre-erase activated same time
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Figure Head Design Perpendicular Mode
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Figure Head Design Conventional Mode
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conventional drives Write Gate asserted beginning sync field when read write beginning data field controller then writes sync field data address mark data field (see Figure With combination head read write must activated Gap2 field ensure proper write sync field accommodate both distance between pre-erase read write head activation deactivation time Gap2 field expanded length bytes Mbps (see Figure Since density proportional data rate bytes will written Gap2 field Kbps data rate perpendicular mode read back 82077AA controller must begin synchronization beginning sync field conventional mode internal enabled (VCOEN) approximately bytes from start Gap2 field However Mbps perpendicular mode VCOEN goes active after bytes accomodate increased Gap2 field size each case byte cushion maintained from beginning sync field avoid write splices caused motor speed variation should noted that none alterations Gap2 size timing Write Gate timing affect nor-
program flow Once perpendicular command invoked 82077AA behaviour from user standpoint unchanged
PROGRAMMING PERPENDICULAR MODE
Figures show flowchart perpendicular recording mode implemented 82077AA perpendicular mode command issued during initialization shown Figure perpendicular command stores value internally This value used during data transfer commands configuration order deal with perpendicular drives Table shows Gap2 length VCOEN timing Write Gate timing affected also tested this part loop enhanced perpendicular mode enabled setting setting bits corresponding installed perpendicular drive high leaving `00' shown Figure Gap2 length initially conventional length bytes Next bits (GAP WGATE) checked they `00' bits `10' then perpendicular mode disabled conventional mode retained `01' `11' VCOEN
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Figure Perpendicular Command Handling
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Figure During Data Transfer Commands
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activate bytes bytes from start Gap2 field depending value shown Table After this `11' checked true (programmed `01') program exited with only VCOEN timing being perpendicular mode true however Gap2 length perpendicular mode (note this done independent data rate) must noted that bits `11' then user disable precompensation before accessing perpendicular drives other branch flowchart refers setting `00' this case perpendicular command will have following effect bits programmed high then precompensation automatically disabled selected specified drive regardless data rate) VCOEN activate appropriately bits that will enable 82077 configured conventional mode exit program without modifications (shown Figure Next data rate checked Mbps data rate Mbps then Gap2 length bytes otherwise program exited without setting Gap2 bytes must noted that recognized command must high this setting bits will have effect Setting will enable storage Also setting other value than `00' will override anything written bits other words setting value other than `00' enables effect that drives must noted that bits value other than `00' then recommended enhanced command mode other bits should zero Consider following examples 0x84 This command enhanced mode this case high During data transfer command selected will automatically configured perpendicular mode accessed however will configured conventional mode Similarly 0x88 then configured perpendicular mode configured conventional mode Software resets clear this mode
0x03 This command mode user decides this mode then must noted that command issued before every data transfer command Also when used this drives configured perpendicular mode user must also remember disable precompensation data rate Mbps while accessing perpendicular drive system software reset clears command 0x87 this case This called mixed mode should refrained from usage This similar setting 0x03 because setting high overrides automatic configuration this case user aware that precompensation must disabled data rate must Mbps while accessing drive After software reset bits WGATE will cleared will retain their previously values other words after software reset part will 0x84 Evidently this would cause problems therefore recommended this mode used 0x80 this case This effect clearing perpendicular mode command without doing hardware reset Another this would 0x02 this then used temporarily disable perpendicular mode configuration without affecting previously programmed values Software reset following this will reenable previously programmed enhanced mode command Using enhanced perpendicular command removes requirement issuing perpendicular command each data transfer command manually setting perpendicular configuration ``Software'' RESETs (via registers) will only clear values bits will retain their previously programmed values ``Hardware'' RESETs will clear programmed bits including bits status these bits determined issuing dumpreg command checking result byte This byte will contain programmed values bits shown Figure returned this result byte
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Phase
Data
Remarks
DUMPREG COMMAND Command LOCK Eighth Result Byte WGATE
Figure Dumpreg Command
INTERFACE BETWEEN 82077AA DRIVE
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There currently industry-wide standard interface There numerous floppy drive vendors each with their modes interface pins enable perpendicular mode drive interface only varies from manufacturer manufacturer also within manufacturer's product line differences interface mainly originate from configuring floppy drive into mode Depending drive differences create problems daisy-chaining drive with standard drives course laptops this problem since most them single floppy drive Lack industry standard makes necessary look each drive build interface that particular drive following brief discussion about some floppy drives available market these interfaced with 82077AA important note that although manufacturer's name given connection with interface described Intel does guarantee that interface discussed will apply drives from that manufacturer main goal introduce reader interface 82077AA with floppy drive Previously conventional mode drives single Density Select input used floppy drives select between high density density drives high this input enabled high density operation (500 Kbps) whereas enabled density operation (300 Kbps Kbps) This signal
asserted high floppy disk controller depending data rate programmed operation there inputs defined floppy drive manufacturers polarity these inputs enables selected density operation Implementing this requires least defined FDCFDD interface Most floppy vendors have elected take (originally density select) redefine polarity conform these density select inputs another other density select input However density select compatible density select input many floppy drives This precludes user from daisy chaining drives with conventional drives Another problem that second density select varies location FDC-FDD interface from drive drive that BIOS determines what type diskette what type drive trial error system tries read diskette Kbps fails then will data rate higher value retry BIOS does this until right data rate selected This method will still implemented drives some BIOS vendors However drives available today also have media sense pins that relate user what type media present floppy drive This information will also require pins FDC-FDD interface location these pins once again variable from drive drive
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Some manufacturers have circumvented entire standardization problem including auto configuration drive these cases type floppy into drive sensed hole (each diskette hole different locations identifying diskette Then drive automatically sets itself this mode BIOS must obviously floppy disk controller correct data rate which could done media sense read decoded data rate lack extra pins even side floppy connector newer locations some functions migrating pins (previously grounded) Some drive manufacturers have even made this configurable jumpers instance TEAC drives have huge potpourri configurations that would satisfy appetite some most finicky system interfaces
82077AA currently output pins DRATE0 DRATE1 (pins respectively) which directly reflect data rate programmed registers These pins used select correct density drive These also used with combination DENSEL select correct data rate present time 82077AA does support media sense However user could easily make readable directly BIOS following discussion what combination DRATE0 DRATE1 DENSEL could used interface some currently available floppy drives
TEAC 235J-600 Toshiba PD-211 Sony (Old Version) These were among first drives available market Each them mode select input pins polarity required each different data rate shown below Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DRATE1 DRATE0 MODSEL0 MODSEL1
clear from above that DRATE0 MODSEL0 MODSEL1 DRATE1 This would mean taking drate signals onto pins FDC-FDD interface Unfortunately this solution requires inverting gate TEAC recently however come with version called TEAC 235J-3653 this drive there number possible configurations into which drive into however only best interface 82077AA will discussed requirements shown below This shows that HDIN DENSEL (original signal conventional drives) EDIN DRATE0 suggested TEAC spec method straps connected (sets HDIN DC34 (sets EDIN Pins left open Since same polarity conventional drive requirement secondary input connected connect conventional drives) daisy chaining this TEAC drive with conventional drive does cause incompatibility Figure shows TEAC connected 82077AA also shows daisy chaining TEAC drive with conventional drive Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DENSEL DRATE1 DRATE0 HDIN EDIN
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Figure Interfacing 82077AA TEAC 235J-3653
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Panasonic JU-259A (New Version) This Panasonic's drive HDIN signal EDIN signal requirements shown below This type interface allows daisy chaining Panasonic drive with conventional drive DENSEL signal connected DRATE0 should connected Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DENSEL DRATE1 DRATE0 HDIN EDIN
Mitsubishi MF356C (Model 252UG 788UG) There models this drive 252UG DENSEL1 DENSEL0 whereas 788UG DENSEL0 located DENSEL1 located jumpers possible configure drives different polarity density select line following table shows configuration 252UG which jumper setting Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DENSEL DRATE1 DRATE0 DENSEL1 DENSEL0
correct connection requirement DENSEL (from 82077AA DENSEL1 DRATE0 DENSEL0 Although there other configurations this provides best since daisy chaining possible without problem Epson SMD-1060 This drive different modes operation Mode best similar Mitsubishi's drives described above this mode signal connected connected Mode enabled inserting jumpers across (SS01 block) (SS03 block) drive with power separated type connector floppy signals another power supply) 34-pin connector Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DENSEL DRATE1 DRATE0
demonstrated table DENSEL DRATE0 These connections would ensure daisy chaining capability without problems
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Sony MP-F40W-14 dash drives from Sony that handle requirements MP-F40W-14 DENSITY SELECT DENSITY SELECT pins respectively whereas MP-F40W-15 DENSITY SELECT DENSITY SELECT pins respectively obvious from table below daisy chaining easily done 82077AA connected mode tying IDENT low) with either type drive only difference being location DENSITY SELECT Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps DENSEL DENSITY DENSITY Capacity mode DRATE1 DRATE0 SELECT1 SELECT0 (IDENT
drive used mode then DENSITY SELECT1 DENSEL DENSITY SELECT0 DRATE0 drive mode DENSITY SELECT1 DRATE1 DENSITY SELECT0 DRATE0 shown below However daisy chaining possible Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps DENSEL DENSITY DENSITY Capacity mode DRATE1 DRATE0 SELECT1 SELECT0 (IDENT
Toshiba ND3571 Toshiba drive mode selection mode selection This causes daisy chaining problems with conventional drives shown figure below Data Rate Mbps Kbps Kbps Mbps Kbps Capacity DENSEL DRATE1 DRATE0 Mode Mode
DENSEL from 82077 connected DRATE0 connected
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82077SL DESIGN
This section presents design application compatible floppy disk controller 82077SL integrates entire controller design with exception address decode single chip schematic this solution shown Figure chip select 82077SL generated 85C220 mPLD that programmed decode addresses 03F0H through 03F7H when programming equations mPLD Intel's format processed using IPLSII compiler (available from Intel) floppy disk interface provided on-chip output buffers with sink capability outputs from disk drive terminated floppy disk controller with resistor pack 82077SL disk interface inputs contain Schmitt trigger input structure higher noise immunity host interface similar direct connection with on-chip sink capable buffers DB0-7
schematic shows eleven jumpers numbered through table below describes functions these jumpers well their normal connections normal connections allow BIOS work without modification normal mode 82077SL responds DRQ2 DACK2 well IRQ6 Depending type drive interfaced this board DENOUT0 DENOUT1 signals tied With setting default setting DENSEL DRVDEN0 DRATE0 DRVDEN1 PIN6 SELECT used EDIN input should always closed used measure current consumption 82077SL selects between primary secondary address spaces There resistor packs used pullups input signals from floppy drive interface These resistors rated Please note that using older drives pullup some them 150X Most modem drives value order ensure correct value please refer floppy drive specification manual further information please contact your local Intel sales office
Jumper
Description DRQ1 request used with DACK1 DRQ2 request used with DACK2 allow transfers allow transfers
Normal Connection Open Closed Open Closed Open Closed Open Closed
DACK1 acknowledge used with DRQ1 allow transfers DACK2 acknowledge used with DRQ2 allow transfers IRQ5 Interrupt line used generate floppy interrupts IRQ6 Interrupt line used generate floppy interrupts DRV2 Address selection (between address ranges) DENOUT0 Used with DENOUT1 select values DRVDEN1 DENOUT1 Used with DENOUT0 select values DRVDEN1 PIN6 SELECT Used select between EDIN input Connection between power layers
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Figure 82077SL Evaluation Board
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Designer Shah Company Intel Corp Dept Marketing Date April mPLD used 82077SL Evaluation board design 85C220 package OPTIONS PART INPUTS
System Address Inputs
TURBO 85C220
DENOUT0 Maps DRVDEN0 DRVDEN1 appropriate polarity table DENOUT1 Maps DRVDEN0 DRVDEN1 appropriate polarity table ADDSEL Selects between primary secondary address spaces
DRATE0 DRATE0 signal from 82077SL DRATE1 DRATE1 signal from 82077SL DENSEL DENSEL signal from 82077SL OUTPUTS
82077SL chip select signal
DRVDEN1 Drive density signal connected EDIN drive DRVDEN0 Drive density signal connected HDIN drive NETWORK
Inputs
INP(SA9) INP(SA8) INP(SA7) INP(SA6) INP(SA5) INP(SA4) INP(SA3) INP(AEN) ADDSEL INP(ADDSEL) DRATE0 INP(DRATE0) DRATE1 INP(DRATE1) DENSEL INP(DENSEL) DENOUT0 INP(DENOUT0) DENOUT1 INP(DENOUT1) Outputs CONF(CSeq VCC) VCC) VCC)
DRVDEN0 CONF(DEN0eq DRVDEN1 CONF(DEN1eq
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EQUATIONS activated 3F0-3F7 370-377 address spaces CSeq (AEN' SA7' SA3' ADDSEL' AEN' SA3' ADDSEL)' These signals generated DRVDEN0 DRVDEN1 FDC-FDD interface DENOUT1 DENOUT0 DRVDEN0 DRVDEN1 DENSEL DRATE0 DENSEL' DRATE0 DRATE1 DRATE0 DRATE0 DRATE1 DEN0eq DENSEL (DENOUT0' DENOUT1') DENSEL' (DENOUT0 DENOUT1') DRATE1 (DENOUT0' DENOUT1) DRATE0 (DENOUT0 DENOUT1) DEN1eq DRATE1 (DENOUT0 DENOUT1) DRATE0 (DENOUT0' DENOUT1') END$
82077SL Application Note Revision Summary
following changes have been made since revision Table kBps corrected kbps Page Mitsubishi MF356C description modified read ``There models this drive 252UG DENSEL1 DENSEL0 whereas 788UG DENSEL0 located DENSEL1 located jumpers possible configure drives different polarity density select lines following table shows configuration 252UG which jumper setting Figure Arrow added diagram Page Columns corrected line properly

292093 KATEN SHAH APPLICATION ENGINEER September 1992 O

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