eCash Evaluation demonstrates speed, reliability, security SHA-1 based

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eCash Evaluation demonstrates speed, reliability, security SHA-1 based

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DSECASH eCash Evaluation
eCash Evaluation demonstrates speed, reliability, security SHA-1 based iButton eCash system. provided eCash debit board complete stand-alone module that will perform monetary debits fast 100ms. eCash debit board serial interface that allows microprocessor monitor provide manual control debit process. Utilizing serial interface, this demo could easily integrated into real eCash access control system.
Figure eCash Evaluation Board
EVALUATION CONTENTS
DS1963S Coprocessor user tokens DS1961S User tokens DS9093A black, blue DS1402-DR8 iButton Blue receptor DS9097U-S09 1-Wire serial port adapter initialization coprocessor user tokens Serial cable Connects eval board serial port computer monitor eval board eCash evaluation board Instruction sheet
FEATURES
Stand-alone eCash evaluation circuit board with display Audible feedback. Supports both DS1963S DS1961S SHA-1 iButtons debit tokens. Once initialized, DS1963S coprocessor debit board keeps money secret secure Secure eCash debits 100ms (approximate). Javaprograms (compatible with Windows Linux) provided download initialize eCash coprocessors tokens well monitor evaluation board. Evaluation board used component larger control system (Service Control Unit). Complete firmware source provided portable code. Schematic design list components eval board provided. Evaluation board used eCash code development with onboard single-cycle 8051 compatible DS89C420.
ORDERING INFORMATION
PART DSECASH DESCRIPTION eCash Evaluation
REQUIREMENTS:
external supply eCash evaluation board must provided. Power supply requirements: AC/DC, 9-20 200mA minimum. Power Connector below recommendations. Internet connection required initialization monitoring software.
iButton 1-Wire registered trademarks Dallas Semiconductor. Blue trademark Dallas Semiconductor. Java trademark Microsystems. Windows registered trademark Microsoft Corp.
10/21/04
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
INTRODUCTION
primary purpose eCash Evaluation demonstrate SHA-1 iButtons showing fully qualified, SHA-1 authenticated, monetary debit ~100ms using file security standards described other Dallas Semiconductor Application Notes (see White Paper table below). Applications that this targets include: vending, parking meters, toll booths, phones, public transportation, gaming, others requiring either secure payment user authentication. following Application Notes dealing with iButton 1-Wire devices follows recommended start with White Paper "1-Wire SHA-1 Overview"):
Table SHA-1 Application Note List
White Paper 1-Wire SHA-1 Overview White Paper Glossary 1-Wire SHA-1 Terms White Paper 1-Wire SHA-1 Devices Secure? White Paper Devices Used Small Cash Systems Note 150: Small Message Encryption using Devices Note 151: Dallas Digital Monetary Certificates Note 152: iButton Secrets Challenges Note 154: Passwords Authentication Note 156: DS1963S 1-Wire Users Guide Note 157: iButton Overview incorporates display, coprocessors (the DS1963S DS1961S), external 1-Wire, serial port. board operated independently after initialization coprocessors user tokens. also connected configuration, monitoring, control. developer take already existing embedded system, some simple serial code control eCash board, quickly running with iButton-based debiting system, using eCash evaluation board subassembly larger system. this, serial port connector have been made available demo board testing bench development. Since firmware's source provided with kit, developer also free extend capabilities system and/or customize operating instructions software available online: Java programs, eCashInit.java eCashMonitor.java included software downloads. eCashInit program initializes iButtons coprocessors user tokens, eCashMonitor program communicates directly with evaluation board through included serial cable.
BASIC CONFIGURATION
properly setup configure eCash evaluation board, first step download configure software. Once that done, then hardware configured basic SHA-1 monetary debits shown. Optionally, evaluation board's firmware extended/ehanced/re-written developer loaded onto board's processor.
Software Configuration
Prior first-time use, recommended that software associated with installed configured first. Afterwards, initialization SHA-1 iButtons take place using software. least iButton will need setup coprocessor user token. This done easily with Java Runtime Environment (JRE) pre-installed. been installed, please visit http://java.sun.com download install one. With Java correctly installed, both eCashInit eCashMonitor programs setup Java "Web Start" programs. advantages "Web Start" technology that every time programs run, background process checks updates program automatically downloads installs them from website. Java "Web Start" page both these programs found following URL: This page contains complete download, installation, troubleshooting instructions.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Manual Software Installation
some reason, manual installation eCash software necessary, instructions available below. Specifically, sections entitled RXTX Instructions, eCashInit Setup Instructions, eCashMonitor Setup Instructions. RXTX Instructions Both included Java programs, eCashInit eCashMonitor, require RXTX installed RXTX cross-platform serial library used eCashInit eCashMonitor communicate DS9097U eCash eval board. installation RXTX performed automatically through Java "Web Start" process, but, just case manual install necessary, binaries Win32 build included download (available from above URL: Specifically, RXTX binaries found software/rxtx folder download. platform other than 32-bit Windows used, binaries and/ source RXTX downloadable from http://www.rxtx.org. eCashInit Setup Instructions Before running eCashInit program, first install either through "Web Start" mentioned above (recommended) install hand. Again, "Web Start" version found compile hand, follow instructions below. compile eCashInit: javac -classpath "<path 1-Wire API>/lib/OneWireAPI.jar;." *.java eCashInit: java -classpath "<path 1-Wire API>/lib/OneWireAPI.jar;." eCashInit Please note that OneWireAPI.jar downloaded from eCash Kit's Java Start page: also found 1-Wire Java Software Development (SDK) located following address: Setting RXTX OneWireAPI.jar handled automatically when installing/running program with Java "Web Start". eCashMonitor Setup Instructions Similar eCashInit program above, either installed through "Web Start" mentioned above (recommended) installed hand. compile hand, follow instructions below. compile eCashMonitor: javac -classpath "<path 1-Wire API>/lib/OneWireAPI.jar;." *.java eCashMonitor: java -classpath "<path 1-Wire API>/lib/OneWireAPI.jar;." eCashMonitor Note that eCashMonitor program still development. used monitor evaluation board eCash transactions being performed should properly translate 'events' output them plain English (i.e. whenever token debited, should properly display debit amount current balance that token). list commands available eCash board, section entitled APPENDIX ECASH PROCESSOR.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Initializing iButtons Coprocessors User Tokens
With DS9097U 1-Wire adapter plugged into serial port DS1402-DR8 Blue plugged into adapter, eCashInit Java program. following Window appears, asking which port with DS9097U:
Figure eCashInit Start Screen
Follow steps presented select appropriate port. Click when finished.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation next window appear gives choice between tabs. Selecting first starts process creating SHA-1 coprocessor. Take DS1963S iButton, snap into Blue Dot, follow instructions. When finished, snap coprocessor into iButton clips provided evaluation board. Note that type user token (DS1961S DS1963S) needs specified. screen capture below.
Figure eCashInit Coprocessor Initialization Screen
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation second eCashInit program starts user token initialization process. Follow instructions create user token. user token actually carries monetary value, needs specified during initialization process. user token either DS1961S DS1963S. Click "Initialize Now" button finish creating user token. below screen shot.
Figure eCashInit User Token Initialization Screen
Hardware Configuration
hardware setup eCash evaluation board requires that least coprocessor user token created before beginning (see Software Configuration). Once created, plug coprocessor into iButton clip eCash evaluation board. Next, unplug DS1402-DR8 Blue from 1-Wire adapter, plug into RJ11 socket eval board. Finally, power eCash evaluation board plugging adapter. should look like picture below.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Figure Hardware Setup
Please note that user token iButton easier handle when snapped into fob. Four fobs come with kit. difficulty encountered when snapping iButton into fob, then please note that plastic loosened with warm water enough that iButton snaps easily. Please make effort keep water away from iButton. eCash system should setup. debit from system, just touch user token iButton Blue watch debit take place screen.
Quick Start
Plug DS9097U Blue Select DS1963S DS1961S user tokens. Initialize DS1963S token type specific coprocessor. Initialize user tokens selected step above. coprocessor into iButton clip eCash board. Plug Blue into eCash board. Power eCash board. eCash board power-on default will fully autonomous debit. Debit user iButtons, view result LCD.
EVALUATION USAGE
Many experiments performed with evaluation kit. Here suggestions: Experiment Installation Overview above. Experiment Remove DS9097U from Plug straight through serial cable from eCash board. eCashMonitor program. Change view different operation modes eCash board. Debit iButtons using various modes eCash board, monitor status. Experiment Optionally recycle DS1963S user tokens make both types coprocessors. Clip both coprocessors into eCash board support both user token types. Debit both single DS1963S DS1961S's with eCash board, view results LCD.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation Experiment Optionally connect some other host/micro using RS232 port development connector implement eCash serial protocol. Experiment firmware loader jumper development eCash evaluation board. Experiment firmware source code design integrate eCash functionality into different board.
FIRMWARE
firmware running evaluation board comes pre-loaded. However, have made available download package, with source, that developers extend modify functionality evaluation board. firmware built using Keil compiler. Both versions 5.10 7.05 compiler were tested. makefile builds necessary files links them. Unfortunately, Keil linker returns error status after linking when issues warnings (just warnings about unused segments). Execute 'make' with '-i' option ignore this error convert binary '.hex' file, ready load DS89C420 eCash board. Keil compiler unavailable developer, pre-built file been included download well.
Loader Instructions
firmware loader program simple command-line serial loader. built tested Windows using Cygwin shell. Cygwin provides POSIX interface (just like Unix/Linux) serial I/O, either Cygwin another Unix needed compile this application. Cygwin available download from: http://www.cygwin.com/ build loader: load420 load420.c loader: ./load420 COM1 ./Firmware/ecash.hex After loader process completes, board software ready performing eCash debits.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Firmware State Diagram
Figure below firmware state diagram.
Figure Firmware State Diagram
Poll Token Arrival Authenticate Token Verify Cert. Auth. Auth. Fail Success Update Sign Cert. Updated Timeout Occurred? Write Fail Write Cert. Token Written
None
Gone Wait Token Departure
Present
Verify Fail Vend Product Update Status Verified
Verify Write Token
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
description evaluation board's hardware components found sections below. Covered items Development Connector, RJ11 "Customer" 1-Wire Interface, Serial Interface, Firmware Load Enable Jumper, Power Connector.
Development Connector
(Insulation Displacement Connector) spacing. development connector used remotely monitor control eCash evaluation board.
Figure Connector
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Table Connector
Signal RESET INT0 INT1 P3.4 CUST Description power reset micro coprocessor 1-Wire data Serial port receive Serial port transmit Interrupt DS89C420 Interrupt DS89C420 Port input/output customer 1-Wire data signal ground
RJ-11 1-Wire Interface
Figure below "Customer" 1-Wire Interface. This 1-Wire interface designed external board accessible user "customer". provides place DS1402-DR8 Blue plugged thus allowing customers easy access make contact with their user tokens debiting purposes.
Figure RJ-11 "Customer" 1-Wire Interface
Looking into Female RJ11 Connector
Table RJ-11 "Customer" 1-Wire Interface
Signal name Description
OW_GND no-connect no-connect
output Power ground 1-Wire Data 1-Wire ground return
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Serial Interface
Figure Table below Serial Interface out. standard, straight-through serial cable (included this kit) used connect evaluation board serial port. above-mentioned eCashMonitor program then used communicate with board. Appendix Advanced. This 1-Wire interface designed external board accessible user "customer". provides place DS1402-DR8 Blue plugged thus allowing customers easy access make contact with their user tokens debiting purposes.
Figure Serial Interface
Table Serial Interface
Signal name Description
no-connect RX12 TX12 no-connect no-connect no-connect no-connect
RS232 Receive RS232 Transmit Data Terminal Ready Ground
Figure Firmware Load Enable Jumper
Table Firmware Load Enable Jumper
State Description
JUMPER JUMPER
Firmware loading controlled RS232 serial interface Firmware loading disabled (default)
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Power Connector
Power supply requirements: AC/DC, 9-20 200mA Recommendations: Stancor Model STA-300R (Newark Electronics Stock 84F2081, Allied Electronics Stock 928-9895)
Figure Power Connector
DSECASH INFORMATION
more information about DSECASH, including software downloads, please consult kit's page located website
TECHNICAL SUPPORT RESOURCES
Dallas Semiconductor MAXIM provides many technical support resources developers. addition data sheets, provide large number application notes white papers, software development tools, webbased discussion forum where technical questions posted follow-up. iButton Product Data Sheets: 1-Wire Product Data Sheets: Application Notes White Papers: Software Development Tools SDK's: Post technical questions web-based discussion forum: http://discuss.dalsemi.com/
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
SCHEMATICS
below some board schematics. Schematics covered are: Processor Piezo, Coprocessor 1-Wire Customer, Power Supply, RS232 Serial Interface.
Figure Processor Piezo
PIEZO SOUNDER BUZ1 BUZ2 SEL1 SEL2 SEL3 P1.6 RESET P3.3 TIMER P3.5 LCDENABLE P3.7 22pF 22pF P1.0/T2 P1.1/T2EX P1.2/RXD1 P1.3/TXD1 P1.4/INT2 P1.5/INT3 P1.6/INT4 P1.7/INT5 RESET P3.0/RXD0 P3.1/TXD0 P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD (IN) (OUT) DS420-44PIN P0.0 (AD0) P0.1 (AD1) P0.2 (AD2) P0.3 (AD3) P0.4 (AD4) P0.5 (AD5) P0.6 (AD6) P0.7 (AD7) PROG PSEN P2.0 (AD8) P2.1 (AD9) P2.2 (AD10) P2.3 (AD11) P2.4 (AD12) P2.5 (AD13) P2.6 (AD14) P2.7 (AD15) P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7
LCD1 P3.7 LCDENABLE CONTRAST DATA/CMD READ/WRITE ENABLE BACKLIGHT BACKLIGHT
PSEN P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7
22.118
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Figure Co-Processor 1-Wire Customer
COPI 2N7002 100pF 100pF COPO CO-PROCESSOR BAT54S CO-PROCESSOR
CUSTI 2N7002 100pF 100pF CUSTO BAT54S CUST 1-WIRE CUST
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Figure Power Supply
1N4002 POWER1 1N4002 1N4002 100uF 1N4002 7805 VOUT 22uF 22uF .1uF .1uF
Figure RS232 Serial Interface
PSEN
DTR5
74HC125
PROGRAM
.1uF RX12 TX12 DTR12
RESET
74HC125
P3.7
74HC125
74HC125
DTR5
T1IN T1OUT T2IN T2OUT R1OUT R1IN R2OUT R2IN C1C2B+ VC2VBC2BV+ MAX203
Female
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
APPENDIX ECASH PROCESSOR
purposes eCash processor offload difficult 1-Wire operations dedicated microprocessor. eCash processor eCash evaluation board utilizes DS1963S internal 1-Wire network perform SHA-1 authentication signing service data. This speed advantages also securely keeps secrets stainless steel iButton package. Alternately, firmware written ported many different processors. There three main operating modes eCash processor: Autonomous, Lock-Step, Manual. Autonomous mode allows eCash processor work without interaction with host processor. However, status information will sent serial interface when event occurs. Lock-Step mode allows eCash processor 1-Wire authentication and/or debiting work allows host approve steps process. Manual mode allows host instruct eCash processor individual operation. Manual mode commands also used while eCash processor Autonomous Lock-Step mode.
Figure eCash Processor Application Example
Service Control Unit eCash Evaluation Board
Optional Serial Interface iButton Reader
Host System (microprocessor)
eCash processor
External 1-Wire
Internal 1-Wire
Coprocessor DS1963S
Coprocessor DS1961S
Speed considerations: Autonomous fastest, Lock-Step next full Manual mode slowest overhead constraint serial communication before each 1-Wire operation.
Table Mode Flags
Sequence (and Operation Description Automatic 1-Wire polling user token Automatic read authentication Automatic debit
Automatic Pulse
Automatic update Enable Overdrive operation used used
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation These autonomous operations enable disabled with manual command. inbound command format different types: `get' `set'. format provides single character designator. parameter provides single character designator also data field preceded with length character.
Table Inbound Format
Format
SX<D>
Description command where character designator command where one-character designator represents data payload that command requires. length command inconsistent with format then will disregarded.
Example: parameter data Example: SQ3ABC Sets parameter with three character data field ABC. There types outbound messages. first type result command provides byte designator data length followed data. second message type asynchronous event. event also type designator, length data.
Table Outbound Format
Format RXhh<D> EXhh<D> Description Response command designator with data following length Event type occurred with data following length
Example: EQ04ABCD Event type occurred four characters data provided `ABCD'. Example: RQ01Z Response type occurred character data provided `Z'. Table lists `get' `set' commands.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Table Commands
Command Format Description time last debit last message sent (response event). Read pages(specified Coprocessor specified with return status (dump Memory State Table Read pages(specified user token firmware version coprocessor, more then coprocessor, command select
Table Commands Command Description
Format SAzy SFaaaa SGhhaaa. SIppx SLxy SMhhhh SPhh SShh STxb SUhh SYhh Enables (y=1) disables (y=0) mode flag (z=0 AutoPolling, AutoReading, AutoDebiting, Pulsing bit, Update LCD, Overdrive Speed) Abort Lock-Step event (z=0 Arrival, read, Debit) Enable/Disable enable, disable) CRC16 packets sent from eCash processor host. inverted CRC16 calculated over entire packet appended character value. service filename (ASCII file name, extension always dec) text message (aaa.) length (hex, 16). length then clear display. port `pp' value `x'. Acknowledge Lock-Step event next autonomous operation done poll, read, debit) Enable/Disable (y=1 enable, disable) Lock-Step state. (x=0 Arrival, Read, Debit). Will reset current Lock-Step status debit amount (hhhh number hundredth unit) coprocessor number read pages from (x=0 DS1963S coprocessor DS1961S coprocessor) coprocessor page read with command page number) Soft Reset eCash processor, will reset event when complete Play beep (Sound) with number beeps) Toggle port where 4-bit ascii-encoded nibbles. user token page read page number) debit timeout value seconds
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation Note that Status State below does contain state information. State information that read directly omitted (e.g. version).
Table Status State
Designator Length (hex) Example Data (hex) ABCD eCash Demo V0.8 0102 020000 1800000000001122 Description Autonomous operation mode flags ASCII encoded byte) (See Table CRC16 enable flag enabled, disabled) Time last debit milliseconds ASCII Service filename Current text message Lock-step acknowledge flags (see Table Amount debit composed ASCII-encoded bytes, representing amount debit (LSB first) Coprocessor number selected (0=DS1963S 1=DS1961S) Page number read from current coprocessor Port number pulse ASCII encoded byte) Page number read from user Token Coprocessor Debit timeout seconds Status flags (see Table
Table Acknowledge Flags
Flag (bit position) Description Ack_PollEnabled Ack_PollWaiting Ack_ReadEnabled Ack_ReadWaiting Ack_DebitEnabled Ack_DebitWaiting Don't Care Don't Care
Table Status Flags
Flag (bit position) Description Stat_Poll Stat_Read Stat_DebitCert Stat_UpdateToken Stat_Verify Stat_WaitUntilGone Don't Care Don't Care
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation
Table Events Code Operation Description
Soft reset complete 1-Wire arrival reporting, data 1-Wire departure reporting, data Automatic read select pages from user Authenticated service data bytes) Authenticated monetary balance service data Debited final balance pulse after completion then pulse completion Status displayed LCD, length variable Error (see Table
Length Data Payload Format
10RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 10RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR 40AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA5 5AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55AA55 AA55AA55 10CTCMCMMBMBMBIDID 06MBMBMB 06MBMBMB 0155 010A
Table Error Codes
Code (hex) Description valid token found during poll Tear occurred, device contents have changed Tear occurred, device contents unknown state Tear occurred, been applied. Retry verification. Failed erase coprocessor scratchpad. Failed find account file Failed challenge from coprocessor During Read: Failed issue challenge token During Verify: Failed issue challenge token Failed read token's account data, data Failed compute Device failed authentication Money file signature failed validation Failed update device Insufficient funds debit. Failed erase scratchpad.
DSECASH: eCash Evaluation Example Responses: (CR's spaces added clarity) RS63 DLSM iButton eCash 01000 18F6AA0200000043 RD0268

eCash Evaluation demonstrates speed, reliability, security SHA-1 based

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