Mobile Athlon4 Processor Enhancing World's Most Powerful Micropro
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
Enhancing World's Most Powerful Microprocessor
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. Place Sunnyvale, 94088
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
Introduction: Building Reputation Performance Excellence
Since launch 1999, award-winning Athlonprocessor family outperformed other desktop processors many industry-standard benchmarks delivering optimal blend microarchitectural performance design high-frequency operation. Industry-standard benchmarks1 show that from demanding business-intensive applications visual computing Internet applications, Athlon processor family delivers extreme performance. mobile Athlon processor, formally code-named "Palomino" core, designed boost AMD's processor superiority through continued innovation design technology. Building state-of-the-art Athlon processor microarchitecture, mobile Athlon processor provides additional features capabilities designed enable outstanding performance workstation environment.
Design Enhancements: Does Mobile Athlon4 Processor Generate Industry-Leading Performance Across Different Market Segments?
Processor performance given instruction architecture derived from components: processor microarchitectural performance measured (Instructions Executed Clock) processor frequency. Simply stated: Processor Performance Frequency Other competitive processor designs have made significant sacrifices these components achieve gains other component. mobile Athlon processor, however, continues exhibit Athlon processor family's unique combination microarchitectural performance headroom frequency advances, allowing outperform competitive products. Along these lines, mobile Athlon processor been improved through following enhancements designed deliver further increases performance across different market segments.
mobile Athlon processor's industry-leading performance supported test results from variety integer, floating point, multimedia benchmarks. Visit www.amd.com latest benchmark data.
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
Low-Power Design PowerNow!technology: Achieving Synergy Between Extended Mobile Device Battery Life Architecture's Highest-Performing Processor
mobile Athlon processor first processor available based Athlon processor core. Designed enhance productivity mobile users, mobile Athlon processor extends battery life while maintaining application performance. approaches were used accomplish this goal: PowerNow!technology low-power design enhancements. First, addition PowerNow! technology within mobile Athlon processor builds upon original PowerNow! technology implemented mobile AMD-K6®-2+ mobile AMD-K6-III+ processors. This technology allows processor dynamically modify delivered performance-based application requirements-to enhance system battery life. accomplish this, original PowerNow! technologyenabled dynamic software controls processor voltage frequency based application requirements. mobile Athlon processor featuring PowerNow! technology increases flexibility efficiency this control. more in-depth discussion this advanced power management capability, please reference PowerNow! technology brief Second, microarchitecture circuit implementation were redesigned from current Athlon processor improve overall power consumption given speed grade. microarchitecture end, this meant undertaking analysis which logic functions could minimize unnecessary logic switching avoid power consumption that occurs each time transistor switches from state another. example, case where have circuit designed receive values, perform logical analysis them, then output values, there likelihood that some internal logic performing analysis switching much more often than output values varying. This based changes received input values. intelligently observing which input changes would necessitate output value change, design prevent unnecessary switching internal logic, avoid extra power consumption. Another design enhancement increased custom-designed logic. Customdesigned logic increase frequency while reducing area, transistor count, power consumption. lower level, circuit implementation optimized reduce power
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
consumption decreasing circuit drive strengths certain logic paths. essence, lower drive strength circuit, smaller size transistors necessary implement therefore lower amount power consumed switching those transistors. result, mobile Athlon processor consumes percent less power when operated same frequency current Athlon processor. This increases battery life, provides thermal power headroom necessary scale frequency within thermal limits mobile platforms, thus maximizing overall performance.
Architectural Enhancements: Boosting Processing Power World's Most Advanced Microarchitecture
microarchitecture current Athlon processor family well designed frequency scalability, manipulated mobile Athlon processor simply generate further scalability expense performance. overall redesign largely aimed reducing maximum thermal power requirements, targeting frequency gains when coupled with AMD's advanced processing technology. With industry-leading processor architecture, low-power design, frequency scalability, mobile Athlon processor designed highest overall-performing mobile processor. While frequency factor determining processor performance, useful standalone measurement performance, since processor microarchitectures vary greatly. mobile Athlon processor designed with following enhancements deliver industry-leading performance.
3DNow!Professional Technology: Compatibility with More SIMD-Optimized Software Applications than other Processor World
Outside improvements processor architecture, possible enhance instruction architecture raise achieve more performance given frequency. mobile Athlon processor features 3DNow!Professional technology advancement evolution 3DNow! technology introduced with AMD-K6-2 processor 1998, enhanced 3DNow! technology introduced with Athlon processor 1999. 3DNow! technologies aimed achieving performance
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
optimization through SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) instruction extensions instruction architecture. mobile Athlon processor with 3DNow! Professional technology adds instructions enhanced 3DNow! technology currently supported Athlon processor. These instructions, combined with MMXinteger additions included enhanced 3DNow! technology, offer compatibility with Intel's technology. Table presents breakout 3DNow! technology instruction evolution.
Table processor support SIMD instruction extensions instruction architecture Processor
3DNow!technology version supported Description instructions supported AMD-K6®-2 Processor 3DNow! technology Original 3DNow! technology extensions AthlonProcessor Enhanced 3DNow! technology 3DNow! technology plus MMXextensions (part SSE) plus five DSP/communications extensions Mobile Athlon Processor 3DNow! Professional technology Enhanced 3DNow! technology plus extensions (completing support)
3DNow! technology largely complementary architectural enhancements. implementing them variety ways, software developers able determine they utilize advanced architectural capability enabled SIMD instruction extensions. Examples applications most able benefit from these instruction extensions include speech recognition, video encoding/decoding, graphics generation. Many current software applications that SIMD-optimized different codepaths benefit from 3DNow! technology SSE, depending processor architecture which these applications executed. processor architectures preceding mobile Athlon processor only supported 3DNow! enhanced 3DNow! technology, which yielded following three codepath scenarios developers: Software optimized exclusively processor architectures with 3DNow! technology their 3DNow! technology-optimized codepath processors supporting 3DNow! technology. Software optimized both processor architectures with 3DNow! technology, other industry processor architectures supporting SSE, their 3DNow! technologyoptimized codepath processors supporting 3DNow! technology.
Software optimized exclusively other industry processor architectures supporting SSE, non-optimized codepath processor architectures.
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
Figure Software optimizations supported mobile Athlon4 processor.
Software optimizations supported mobile Athlon processors with 3DNow!Professional technology
Software optimized using enhanced 3DNow! technology
Software optimized using enhanced 3DNow! technology
Software optimized using
With advent 3DNow! Professional technology, mobile Athlon processor seamlessly allow SIMD-optimized software third scenario above recognize support optimized codepath increased performance. recognition support 3DNow! Professional technology performed automatically software applications that industry standard feature flags, provided CPUID instruction, automatically recognize support optimized codepath. This means that with 3DNow! Professional technology's support both 3DNow! technologies, mobile Athlon processor able take advantage performance gains offered more SIMD-optimized software applications than other mobile processor (see Figure only mobile Athlon processor designed benefit from existing software applications supporting 3DNow! technologies, future, software developers will have ability utilize strengths both 3DNow! technologies when optimizing codepaths processor architectures which support 3DNow! Professional technology. mobile Athlon processor enables this advanced level SIMD optimization allowing 3DNow! instructions executed same codepath.
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
Hardware Data Prefetch: Optimized High-Bandwidth (Double Data Rate) Memory-Enabled Systems
Prefetching data from memory into processor cache common technique used enhance processor therefore processor performance. This reduces average latency seen processor accessing memory. past, ability hide memory latency been supported through prefetch instructions introduced 3DNow! technologies. This helpful software applications specifically optimized take advantage capability, offered microarchitectural performance enhancement non-optimized applications. mobile Athlon processor combats this deficiency through hardware data prefetch. This hardware data prefetch mechanism observes memory accesses looking regular access patterns (for example, those present loop-based array data accesses), speculatively fetches cache line with data into processor's cache advance actual data access. mobile Athlon processor automatically optimizes performance existing software that previously been optimized using hardware data prefetch instructions supported 3DNow! Professional technology. Benefits mobile Athlon processor's hardware data prefetching observed more high-end, data-intensive applications that access larger arrays data. Performance also benefits occupying processor instruction execution bandwidth required software prefetching instructions. optimization most effective when coupled with high-bandwidth system memory transfer capability, available processor platforms such those optimized support memory.
Added Performance with QuantiSpeedArchitecture
QuantiSpeedarchitecture, latest technological enhancement awardwinning Athlon processor core, provides extra performance features users need most. heart QuantiSpeed architecture nine-issue, superscalar, fully-pipelined core provide more pathways feed application instructions into execution engines core, allowing processor complete more work given clock cycle. Additional features QuantiSpeed architecture include superscalar, fullypipelined floating point engine, hardware data prefetch, exclusive, speculative Translation Look-aside Buffers (TLBs). Combined, these features help boost overall
Page Mobile Athlon4 Processor January 2002
productivity allow system boot load applications quickly, providing user with effortless computing experience.
Enhancements: Increasing Performance High-End, Data-Intensive Applications
Athlon family processors features advanced, two-level (Translation Look-aside Buffer) structures both data instruction address translation. Athlon processor's ITLB (Instruction TLB) holds entries, DTLB (Data TLB) holds entries, ITLB DTLB each hold entries. further enhance high-end applications that access large amounts data from memory, mobile Athlon processor incorporates three microarchitectural optimizations:
DTLB increases from entries Both ITLB DTLB exclusive architecture entries speculatively reloaded
reduce incidence entry conflicts, mobile Athlon processor increases size DTLB from entries moves two-level ITLB DTLB exclusive architecture design. With exclusive architecture, contain entries that duplicated TLBs, enabling combination sizes larger total available entry space both instruction data TLBs. reducing number conflicts caused holding more entries within processor, performance increases high-end, data-intensive applications that encounter instruction sequences that longer have wait entries reloaded during execution. third enhancement introduced mobile Athlon processor ability enter data misses into speculatively. miss previous Athlon processors, entry would only written into once instruction essentially finished executing. This resulted subsequent instructions waiting completion first-if they were waiting same miss-which observed occur some high-end software applications. mobile Athlon processor allows entries written speculatively before first instruction
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
completed, while preserving proper instruction execution ordering which removes serialization effect results improved performance.
Mobile DuronProcessor
This white paper details features benefits specific mobile Athlon processor. should noted, however, that with exception smaller cache, mobile Duronprocessor featuring 3DNow! Professional technology includes same microarchitectural enhancements mobile Athlon processor.
Conclusion: Industry-Leading Performance Mobile, Desktop, Workstation Server Market Segments
adding these enhancements mobile Athlon processor. Low-power design-Enabling frequency headroom highest processor performance available mobile market PowerNow! technology support-Extending mobile battery life percent increased productivity 3DNow! Professional technology support-Offering compatibility with most SIMD-optimized software applications processor Hardware data prefetch-Increasing performance high-end software applications using high-bandwidth system capability, especially with memory QuantiSpeed technology help boost overall productivity improvements-Increasing performance high-end, data-intensive applications list features already provided award-winning Athlon processor. advanced, fully pipelined superscalar floating point unit High-performance, full-speed, exclusive cache Advanced 266MHz Athlon processor system with data transfer protection
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
Stability Socket infrastructure
.you have created world's most powerful mobile processor, designed meet needs tomorrow's most demanding applications. mobile Athlon processor provides industry-leading processing power cutting-edge software applications including: Multimedia Digital Content Creation Applications-photo video editing, video encoding decoding, image compression, soft DVD, encoding decoding, etc. High-end Applications-digital publishing, speech recognition, CAD/CAM, modeling visualization, digital prototyping, etc. Industry-leading performance across these host other applications, combined with ability enhance battery life mobile device users provide reliability multiprocessing capability demanded workstation server users, created outstanding microprocessor solution available across major market segments.
Overview
global supplier integrated circuits personal networked computer communications markets with manufacturing facilities United States, Europe, Japan, Asia. AMD, Fortune Standard Poor's company, produces microprocessors, Flash memory devices, support circuitry communications networking applications. Founded 1969 based Sunnyvale, California, revenues $3.9 billion 2001. (NYSE: AMD)
2002 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMD, logo, Athlon, Duron, 3DNow! combinations thereof, QuantiSpeed PowerNow! trademarks, AMD-K6 registered trademark Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. trademark Intel Corporation. Other product names used this publication identification purposes only trademarks their respective companies.
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Mobile Athlon4 Processor
January 2002
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