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E86MONSoftware
User's Manual
Order #21891B
E86MONSoftware User's Manual, Release
1998 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. rights reserved. part this publication reproduced, stored retrieval system, transmitted form means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, otherwise, without prior written permission Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Use, duplication, disclosure Government subject restrictions forth subdivision (b)(3)(ii) Rights Technical Data Computer Software clause 252.227-7013. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 5204 White Blvd., Austin, 78741. AMD, logo, combinations thereof, Am186, Am188, CodeKit, Comm86, E86, E86MON trademarks Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. FusionE86 service mark Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Microsoft Windows registered trademarks Microsoft Corp. Other product brand names used solely identification trademarks registered trademarks their respective companies.
HAVE QUESTIONS, WE'RE HERE HELP YOU.
customer service network includes U.S. offices, international offices, customer training center. Expert technical assistance available from worldwide staff field application engineers factory support staff answer E86and Comm86family hardware software development questions. Frequently accessed numbers listed below. Additional contact information listed back this manual. AMD's site lists latest phone numbers.
Technical Support
Answers technical questions available online, through e-mail, telephone. AMD's home page www.amd.com follow Service link latest technical support phone numbers, software, Frequently Asked Questions. technical support questions Comm86 products, send e-mail epd.support@amd.com Canada) euro.tech@amd.com Europe UK). also call Corporate Applications Hotline (800) 222-9323 44-(0) 1276-803-299 Toll-free U.S. Canada U.K. Europe hotline
Support
specific information Comm86 products, access home page www.amd.com follow Embedded Processors link. These pages provide information upcoming product releases, overviews existing products, information product support tools, list technical documentation. Support tools include online benchmarking tools CodeKitsoftware-tested source code example applications. Many technical documents available online form. Questions, requests, input concerning AMD's pages sent e-mail webmaster@amd.com.
Documentation Literature Support
Data books, user's manuals, data sheets, application notes, product free with simple phone call. Internationally, contact your local sales office product literature. order literature, call: (800) 222-9323 (512) 602-5651 (512) 602-7639 Toll-free U.S. Canada Direct dial worldwide
Third-Party Support
FusionE86SM partners provide array products designed meet critical time-to-market needs. Products solutions available include emulators, hardware software debuggers, board-level products, software development tools, among others. site Family Products Development Tools order #21058, describe these solutions. addition, mature development tools applications platform widely available general marketplace.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Contents
About E86MONSoftware
E86MON Software Features E86MON Software Documentation About This Manual Suggested Reference Material Documentation Conventions xiii
Chapter
Using E86MON Software
Getting Started. E86MON Software. Architecture More Information.
Chapter
Downloading Files
Downloading .HEX Files Downloading .EXE Files. Upgrading E86MON Software.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Chapter
E86MON Software Commands
E86MON Software Syntax E86MON Software Commands. Begin Download. Comment <Break> Break Key. Breakpoint Compare Memory. Dump Memory Enter Memory 3-10 Fill Memory 3-11 Address 3-12 Math Help 3-13 Information About System. 3-14 Input 3-15 Autobaud Again. 3-16 L/LL Load Load Library 3-17 Move Memory 3-18 Name Arguments. 3-19 Output Word 3-20 Boot Parameters 3-21 Display/Alter Register 3-23 Search List 3-24 Trace 3-25 Write Flash 3-26 Exterminate Flash. 3-27 Upgrade Monitor Restore Flash Lock Monitor 3-28
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix
Notes Terminal Emulators
Appendix
Utilities Included With E86MON Software
MAKEHEX Utility .B-1 EDITMON Utility.B-2
Appendix
Error Messages
Error Messages .C-1
Appendix
Emulation Support
Appendix
Porting E86MON Software Other Environments
Index
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
List Figures
E86MON Software Welcome Screen. Flash Memory Format Memory Format
List Tables
Notational Conventions xiii E86MON Software Vector Description E86MON Software Syntax
viii
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
About E86MONSoftware
E86MON software utility provided with Am186 Am188 family boards that enables download your application code. Currently, this family boards includes Net186, SD186ED, SD186EM, SD186ER, SD186ES, SD188EM, SD188ER, SD188ES demonstration boards, well Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontrollers Customer Development Platform (CDP). E86MON software supports rudimentary debugging. Programs loaded from RAM, E86MON software program on-board Flash memory with application code execute application from Flash memory. E86MON software designed demonstrate capabilities Am186 Am188 devices. more powerful development environment, strongly recommends that developers search Family Products Development Tools order #21058 compilers, linker/locators, real-time operating systems, complete emulation, source-level debuggers, other powerful tools provided Fusion Partners. E86MON software running Am186 Am188 family board enables perform quick prototyping benchmarking simple algorithms, before investing development tools. limited emulator allows download small .EXE files, which developed tested using standard compilers running DOS. Full source code E86MON software provided teaching demonstration aid.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
E86MON Software Features
E86MON software provides features enabling perform following functions: Download programs Flash memory Dump memory Enter memory Search memory Display registers Modify registers breakpoints Trace programs Peripheral input/output
E86MON Software Documentation
This user's manual provides information using E86MON software with Am186 Am188 family boards. These boards already have E86MON software installed on-board Flash memory. using version E86MON software earlier than Version 3.3.x, strongly recommends upgrading most recent version E86MON software using files supplied 3.5-inch disk included board kit. information about upgrading E86MON software, "Upgrading E86MON Software" page 2-5. most recent version E86MON software also available site.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
About This Manual
Chapter "Using E86MON Software" provides detailed startup information description E86MON software architecture. Chapter "Downloading Files" provides instructions downloading .HEX .EXE files from Chapter "E86MON Software Commands" contains description E86MON software syntax followed detailed descriptions E86MON software commands alphabetical listing. Appendix "Notes Terminal Emulators" briefly describes E86MON software with various terminal emulators including PROCOMM PLUS HyperTerm program provided with Windows95. Appendix "Utilities Included With E86MON Software" lists describes utilities included with E86MON software. Appendix "Error Messages" provides alphabetical listing detailed description error messages generated E86MON software. Appendix "DOS Emulation Support" provides description emulation environment supported E86MON software. Appendix "Porting E86MON Software Other Environments" describes port E86MON software customer hardware. standard index also included.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Suggested Reference Material
following documentation interest E86MON software user. Am186 Am188 Family Instruction Manual, order #21267 Am186CC Communications Controller Data Sheet, order #21915 Am186CH HDLC Microcontroller Data Sheet, order #22024 Am186CU Microcontroller Data Sheet, order #22025 Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontrollers Register Manual, order #21916 Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21914 Am186ED Microcontrollers Data Sheet, order #21336 Am186ED Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21335 Am186EM Am188EM Microcontrollers Data Sheet, order #19168 Am186EM/EMLV Am188EM/EMLV Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #19713 Am186ER Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21684 Am186ES/ESLV Am188ES/ESLV Microcontrollers Data Sheet, order #20002 Am186ES Am188ES Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21096 Family Products Development Tools order #21058 current application notes technical bulletins, World Wide page www.amd.com.
Am186ER Am188ER Microcontrollers Data Sheet, order #20732
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Documentation Conventions
E86MON Software User's Manual uses notational conventions shown Table (unless otherwise noted).
Table 0-1. Notational Conventions
Symbol Boldface
Usage Indicates that characters must entered exactly shown, except that alphabetic case only significant when indicated. Indicates descriptive term replaced with user-specified term. Indicates computer text input output example listing. Indicates executable file. Indicates Intel extended file. Encloses required parameter. include information described within angle brackets, type only parameters, angle brackets themselves. Encloses optional parameter. include information described within brackets, type only parameter, brackets themselves. Separates alternate choices list. Only choices entered.
Italic
Typewriter face .EXE .HEX
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
xiii
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Chapter Using E86MON Software
This chapter provides information using E86MON software, well description E86MON software architecture. Note that information this manual based using Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontroller Customer Development Platform with Version 3.3.2 E86MON software. Your screens vary slightly from ones shown this manual. information this chapter applies boards operating factory default settings assumes that have completed board installation procedures listed "Quick Start" chapter applicable board user's manual.
have completed procedures board user's manual, should perform procedures described "Getting Started" page this manual. have completed "Quick Start" procedures, turn page 1-3.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Getting Started
NOTE: Versions E86MON software prior require press Break key, rather than type described step
Invoke terminal emulation program 19200 baud, parity, data bits, stop bit; enable software flow control (Xon/Xoff), supported. more information about terminal emulators, Appendix "Notes Terminal Emulators". Reset board depressing releasing RESET switch board. board LEDs attached with LEDs, LEDs will light they power-up. During first three seconds, type terminal window ensure that E86MON software uses correct baud rate. When E86MON software receives adjusts baud rate necessary) displays welcome message prompt. type character other than type character all, E86MON software still displays welcome message prompt, using incorrect baud rate. Depressing releasing RESET switch gives another opportunity type Before continuing this chapter, should make sure E86MON welcome screen shown Figure your monitor.
Welcome AMD's E86MON! cc86mon:
<Enter> help)
Figure 1-1. E86MON Software Welcome Screen
When E86MON software displays welcome screen prompt, also changes pattern. Previous versions E86MON software simply stop updating display; Versions 3.11 above change display eight alternating patterns E86MON software uses when waiting keyboard input.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
display version number available commands, type press Enter. load monitor extensions, command. version number shown help screen less than 3.3.x, strongly recommends upgrade most recent version E86MON software using files supplied 3.5-inch disk included board kit. detailed information upgrading your E86MON software, "Upgrading E86MON Software" page 2-5. most recent version E86MON software also available site.
E86MON Software
After Am186 Am188 family board powered reset, E86MON software enters three-second delay loop waiting type detected asynchronous serial port within three-second delay, E86MON software does three things, described below: have installed startup program Flash memory, startup vector F7FF:0000 been filled with jump, E86MON software uses startup vector jump your program. Otherwise, have used command store .EXE program Flash memory used AutoRun command mark running startup, then E86MON software executes that program. startup vector F7FF:0000 been filled AutoRun command been used, then after three-second delay loop, E86MON software displays welcome screen prompt, must assume baud rate. SD186ED, SD186ES, SD188ES demonstration boards, Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontrollers Customer Development Platform, E86MON software must also assume which serial port terminal connected. baud rate serial port does match that terminal, nothing, garbled characters. monitor also loads extensions stored Flash memory. change default baud rate serial port using command. Chapter "E86MON Software Commands" description E86MON commands.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
automatic baud rate detection feature useful following circumstances: When user program installed, want invoke monitor instead When programmed baud rate does match terminal baud rate When serial port does match serial port terminal plugged into When programmed speed does match actual speed (the clock divided down from clock) When want wait three seconds monitor boot automatic baud rate detection designed detect baud rates from 2400 115200, success depends type speed. default frequency MHz, Am186CC/CH/CU Microcontroller CDP, SD186, Net186 boards reliably detect baud rates 115200; SD188 demonstration boards reliably detect baud rates 57600. Note that when autobaud feature monitor used, monitor extensions must loaded manually with command. command default baud rate. This especially useful when baud rate high relative type frequency that automatic baud rate detection unreliable.
Architecture
E86MON software remains resident upper sectors Flash memory. user application resides sectors below E86MON software. E86MON software provides debug download functionality while creating virtual reset vector below Mbyte. (Note that some flash devices require reset vector lower memory their sector size. example, Am29F040 fixed sector size 64K, reset vector must located below Mbyte.)
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
processor begins fetching instructions after reset FFFF0h, bytes below memory (see Figure 1-2). user application positioned start from virtual reset (e.g., located that program's boot code resides bytes immediately below monitor, F7FF0h).
Monitor Reset Vector Permanent Variable Storage
FFFFFh FFFF0h
Monitor Program
User Application Start Vector
F8000h F7FF0h
User Application/Monitor Upgrade
F0000h Monitor Extensions Protect-Flash range* E0000h
User Application
Bottom Flash memory
*See protectflash variable definition page 3-22.
Figure 1-2. Flash Memory Format
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
vector table occupies from 3FFh. E86MON software uses vectors shown Table 1-1. other interrupt vectors utilized user application.
Table 1-1. E86MON Software Vector Description
Vector 22h-2Fh
Purpose Single-step interrupt Breakpoint interrupt Reserved future E86MON Serial port interrupt Timer interrupt Serial port interrupt terminate interrupt service interrupt Reserved future E86MON
E86MON reserves from 400h 40Fh internal use, 4096 bytes data stack. corresponding board user's manual determine this location. user area (410h bottom stack) used store downloaded program. format memory illustrated Figure 1-3.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Monitor Stack Data RAM-0FFFh
Application
Used E86MON Software Interrupt Table Reserved
0410h 0400h
0000h
Figure 1-3. Memory Format
Flash memory accessed using Upper Chip Select (UCS) signal, accessed using Lower Chip Select (LCS) signal. Both signals programmed monitor operate with zero wait states default. WaitStates command used DRAM wait states boards populated with Am186CC/CH/CU Am186ED microcontroller device. format memory illustrated Figure 1-3. Peripheral Control Block (PCB) left default space (FF00h). should peripheral register offset FF00h access peripherals.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
More Information.
need more information about: Board hardware Functional Description chapter corresponding board user's manual. Problems with board E86MON software Appendix "Error Messages". Am186 Am188 family microcontrollers appropriate Am186 Am188 microcontroller user's manual data sheet.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Chapter Downloading Files
This chapter explains load files from host evaluation board, upgrade your software. want download .HEX files, page 2-2. want download .EXE files, page 2-4. want upgrade your E86MON software, page 2-5.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Downloading .HEX Files
There four example .HEX files download. files located \OUT subdirectory floppy disk that provided board kit.
AMDDHRY.HEX SECONDS.HEX TESTMON.HEX LEDS.HEX
RAM-based DHRYSTONE benchmark RAM-based seconds counter RAM-based minimal emulator test Flash-memory-based demonstration
source code these files under \SAMPLES subdirectory. E86MON software supports downloading Intel extended .HEX files into Flash memory. .HEX file should contain type extended address records, which specify load address Mbyte address range. last record file should type record. file being downloaded execution should located between 410h start monitor data (see Figure page 1-7). file being downloaded Flash memory execution should located between start Flash memory E0000h (see Figure page 1-5). command shows size location free RAM, well information about size location Flash memory. permissible file have some sections download other sections download Flash memory because E86MON software relocates itself (destroying loaded program) burn Flash when downloading Flash memory. E86MON software reports range error download such file. downloading into Flash memory, should first make sure target download area empty using command erase Flash sectors. Unless storing multiple programs into Flash, easiest this erase application sectors. Note that sectors protected with protectflash variable, command does erase them (see page 3-22). However, they erased with number command, where number sector number. your application requires int21 support, make sure monitor extensions loaded before downloading application (see command).
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
There specific command download .HEX files. Simply start transferring with terminal program ASCII ASCII mode. E86MON software echoes first record receives When E86MON software parses record determines that .HEX file record, E86MON software switches into file transfer mode. type record file switches E86MON software back command mode. While downloading, E86MON software displays eight lines .HEX file being transferred. error encountered during download, error message printed, E86MON software stays download mode until receives Escape character (1Bh). After receiving Escape character, E86MON software prints more detailed error message, then returns command mode. more information E86MON error messages, Appendix "Error Messages". downloading Flash, .HEX file contains type start address record, application code vector F7FF0 been programmed, E86MON software automatically programs jump start address into this vector. subsequent reset sequences, type first three seconds (forcing entry E86MON software), E86MON software notices there valid jump F7FF0, vectors there automatically start application program. MAKEHEX utility with Version 3.3.x monitor changed from previous versions. files built with older (3.2.x) MAKEHEX utility download with Version 3.3.x monitor. Additionally, 3.3.x MAKEHEX files execute 3.2.x monitor. Appendix "Error Messages".
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Downloading .EXE Files
E86MON software download executable files, enabling affordable, readily available, familiar PC-based compilers assemblers develop initial test benchmarking code. E86MON software provides minimal subset interrupt functionality, which fully described Appendix "DOS Emulation Support". Most compilers capable generating .EXE files that work within this environment, long library functions requiring file-based I/O. Unlike some prior versions E86MON software, Versions later support direct downloading .EXE files. Instead, E86MON software supports extensions Intel extended .HEX file format, includes conversion program that converts .EXE files into this extended .HEX file format. convert .EXE file into .HEX file, MAKEHEX utility \OUT subdirectory supplied floppy disk included board kit. example, convert SAMPLE.EXE into SAMPLE.HEX, simply type MAKEHEX SAMPLE (assuming MAKEHEX.EXE path). When have converted .EXE file, downloaded E86MON software described "Downloading .HEX Files" page 2-2. After downloading file, parameters program expects command line) with command, then start execution with command. Alternatively, command before downloading file, program into Flash. Because Flash nonvolatile, program then multiple times (even after power been cycled) with command.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Upgrading E86MON Software
Files used upgrade E86MON software provided \OUT subdirectory floppy disk included board kit. latest version E86MON software also available web. files listed below \OUT subdirectory floppy disk boards SD186ER:
EMON332U.HEX EMON332R.HEX EMON332B.HEX EXTEM332.HEX
Main upgrade file RAM-based version E86MON software Bootable (suitable programming with PROM programmer) version E86MON software Extensions provide support emulator (Int21), command-line editor (additional patterns), help
NOTE: portion filename represents Version 3.3.2. version included your floppy disk vary.
SD186ER board, files are:
EMNR332U.HEX EMNR332R.HEX EMNR332B.HEX EXTEM332.HEX
Main upgrade file RAM-based version E86MON software Bootable (suitable programming with PROM programmer) version E86MON software Extensions provide support emulator (Int21), command-line editor (additional patterns), help
upgrade versions later E86MON (prior versions must upgraded twice-first Version then Version 3.3.x): command erase application Flash sectors. Download EMON332U.HEX, upgrade file, board. necessary type command this; E86MON software automatically recognizes file download when detects colon that starts file. command E86MON software, which running from user Flash memory space.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Type establish communication with monitor. running E86MON software from copy E86MON software application area Flash memory. This verified with command. Type press <Enter> initiate upgrade. software asks this really what want Answer perform upgrade, this your power stable. upgrade aborted before finishes, need send board back have Flash reprogrammed. E86MON software upgraded automatically runs boot copy software. Type within three seconds establish communication with boot copy E86MON software. command remove application copy E86MON software, then download desired .HEX file application area Flash memory.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Chapter E86MON Software Commands
This chapter provides description E86MON software syntax followed detailed descriptions E86MON software commands alphabetical listing. prompt displayed examples assumes board populated with Am186TMCC/CH/CU microcontroller. prompt vary slightly. Note that although uppercase letters used commands, either lower case upper case.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
E86MON Software Syntax
Table shows command parameters most commonly used E86MON software.
Table 3-1. E86MON Software Syntax
Parameter Byte Word Decimal Address
Definition hexadecimal digits hexadecimal digits hexadecimal digits entered typical segment:offset format (e.g., F800:0) refer base monitor, linear address entered hexadecimal digits (e.g., F8000). linear address used, E86MON software interprets first digits segment, last digit offset. Most commands that alter memory also support short addresses. short address address that specifies only offset (1-4 hexadecimal digits). current value register implicitly used segment. Commands that alter memory require specify full address. Addresses contain simple math, example, DS:BX*2+10. Math operators supported include multiplication used, must first operator.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Table 3-1. E86MON Software Syntax (Continued)
Parameter Range
Definition address range specified ways: <address> <space> <address>, specifying address start range address immediately after range, <address> <length>, which explicitly specifies address start range length range. commands listed below interpreted same dump 1024 bytes beginning 16K: 400:0 400:400 D0:4000 400:400 04000 d040000l400 last command shows, spaces only matter where E86MON software would have trouble distinguishing number from beginning next one, commands entered upper lower case.
List
list collection bytes. Each byte specified with hexadecimal digits, with bytes separated spaces, ASCII data specified single double quotes. following command places ASCII string, complete with carriage return line feeds, 16K: 04000 "This quoted string" A,0A Note that other than mandatory digits linear address, numbers require leading zeroes. Also note that commas optional. They used instead with, spaces.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
E86MON Software Commands
Begin Download
Begin download actually command. colon character first character transmitted part Intel extended .HEX file. more information about downloading files, Chapter "Downloading Files".
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Comment
Comment does perform action. used commenting scripts used with E86MON software.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
<Break> Break
When E86MON software receives RS232 break (usually invoked pressing Alt-B Ctrl-Break terminal emulator), will break into debugger. This useful some cases when application appears "hung" because find where executing. However, note that <Break> also used debug E86MON software itself, should careful many times press <Break> without pressing continue program execution. many breaks cause stack overflow within E86MON software.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Breakpoint
Syntax
<address>
Description
Breakpoint command sets breakpoint address overwriting opcode with breakpoint instruction (INT
cc86mon: 0410:0000
After enter command breakpoint instruction reached, message, Stopped breakpoint, current register values displayed:
cc86mon: 410:0000 Stopped breakpoint AX=0000 BX=0000 CX=0000 DX=0000 SP=0400 BP=0000 SI=0000 DI=0000 DS=0041 ES=0041 SS=7F51 CS=0410 IP=0000 cc86mon:
opcode restored when processor encounters re-enters E86MON software. this point, another breakpoint, trace execution using Trace command, resume execution using command.
NOTE: command supported Flash memory space.
Note that only breakpoint active time setting removes previous breakpoint.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Compare Memory
Syntax
<range> <address>
Description
Compare Memory command compares contents memory located address range contents memory beginning address. Only bytes which different shown.
cc86mon: 0410:0000 0410:0002 0410:0003 cc86mon: 410:0 410:4 410:4 0410:0004 0410:0006 0410:0007
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Dump Memory
Syntax
[range|address]
Description
Dump Memory command displays Am186CC/CH/CU microcontroller customer development platform's memory contents address:
cc86mon: 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon: abc"def.,. .;.{.;.
range specified, that range displayed. only address specified, dump begins that address continues bytes. address specified, command dumps bytes beginning where most recent dump command finished.
cc86mon: 0041:0010 0041:0020 0041:0030 0041:0040 0041:0050 0041:0060 0041:0070 0041:0080 0041:0090 cc86mon: .,.,D. /./.$./. .{.{. ./././. .{.{. .;.{.;.{ mmand
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Enter Memory
Syntax
<address> [list]
Description
Enter Memory command alters memory location locations beginning address.
cc86mon: 41:0 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon: 41:0 "Four score seven years ago" cc86mon: 41:0 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon:
Four score even years ago.
list provided, prompted with current value that location:
cc86mon: 41:0 0041:0000
enter value that location, return accept current value, type period exit back main menu. Subsequent memory locations displayed possible alteration until exit typing period pressing Escape key:
cc86mon: 0041:0000 0041:0004 0041:0005 cc86mon: cc86mon: 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon: 41:0 "Six 41:0 41:20
?score even years ago.
3-10
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Fill Memory
Syntax
<range> <list>
Description
Fill Memory command fills contents memory located address range with list bytes quoted characters.
cc86mon: 41:0 "*-Empty.Memory-*" cc86mon: 41:0 41:80 0041:0000 0041:0010 0041:0020 0041:0030 0041:0040 0041:0050 0041:0060 0041:0070 cc86mon:
*-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-* *-Empty.Memory-*
list replicated many times takes fill range. size list does need evenly range; last copy list truncated fit.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
3-11
Address
Syntax
[[=]address]
Description
Address command transfers execution control user program, which runs until encounters breakpoint trace interrupt, press Break key, program exits call. address given command line, that address loaded into CS:IP register pair before transferring control. .HEX file containing start address record downloaded, CS:IP from that record, need explicitly specify address command line.
3-12
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Math Help
Syntax
[word word]
Description
Math word word) command performs five hexadecimal math operations words given:
cc86mon: 3F7+3A=431, 3F7-3A=3BD, 3F7*3A=E5F6 3F7/3A=11, 3F7%3A=1D cc86mon:
Help command (without words) displays help menu:
Boot Monitor Version 3.32 1998/07/22 Copyright 1994-1998 AMD, Austin, Texas, Commands: addr breakpoint range address Move memory range addr Compare memory [arglist] Name .exe arguments [range] Dump memory O[W] word byte|word Output[word] addr [list] Enter memory [varname decimal] Boot Parameters range list Fill memory [reg name '?'] Display/alter regs [[=]addr] address range list Search string [word word] Math help [=address] [word] Trace steps Info about system [mnemonic name] Write .EXE flash I[W] word Input[word] sectnum|A Exterminate flash Autobaud again Upgrade monitor L[G][decimal] Load from Begins download Load Library Comment byte digits word digits addr word:word digits absolute address range addr addr addr length list list bytes quoted characters decimal decimal digits cc86mon:
NOTE: Before command, monitor extensions must loaded (see command page 3-17).
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
3-13
Information About System
Syntax
Description
Information About System command displays information specific evaluation board running E86MON software:
cc86mon: Module Code Segment/Length EXTEMON E000 21C0 E86MON 37FF 773C Free data paragraphs: 377e Current system time: 1442.051 Flash device: sectors: 29F800T 512K bytes organized 256K 8000, 9000, A000, B000, C000, D000, E000, F000 F800, FA00, FC00
Data Segment/Length 37C0 03F0 3F75 08B0
Boot sectors:
Memory block 0041:0000, size 377E, owner 0041 cc86mon:
3-14
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Input
Syntax
<word>
Description
Input command followed word inputs from byte-wide port displays results. followed word inputs from word-wide port displays results. This command also allows read word access processor's Peripheral Control Block, which mapped upper portion space.
cc86mon: Change your terminal desired baudrate, then press 'a'. cc86mon:
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
3-15
Autobaud Again
Syntax
Description
Autobaud Again command causes automatic baud rate detection invoked. When have entered this command, change terminal's baud rate. Am186CC/CH/CU, Am186ED, Am186ES, Am188ES microcontrollers, also connect alternate serial port. When terminal program properly, type re-establish connection with monitor. Note that automatic baud rate detection reliable baud rates that high relative frequency width. frequency MHz, Am186CC/CH/CU, Net186, SD186 boards reliably detect baud rates 115200. SD188 demonstration boards reliably detect baud rates 57600.
ed86mon: Change your terminal desired baudrate, then press 'a'. ed86mon:
3-16
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
L/LL Load Load Library
Syntax
[decimal]
Description
Load command loads previously stored .EXE file from Flash memory RAM. parameters given, list currently stored programs displayed. decimal number given, corresponding program copied from Flash memory RAM. Programs stored Flash memory using command, made bootable with AutoRun command. command equivalent command immediately followed command (e.g., load program).
cc86mon: 8000:0000 cc86mon:L seconds
Load Library (LL) command loads extensions (EXTEM332.HEX) into memory. Loading extensions provides support emulator (Int21), command-line editor (additional patterns). extensions loaded flash, they downloaded using EXTEM332.HEX file supplied E86MON software disk. Chapter "Downloading Files" more information.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
3-17
Move Memory
Syntax
<range> <address>
Description
Move Memory command moves contents memory located address range memory beginning address.
cc86mon: 41:0 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon: 41:0 41:a 41:10 cc86mon: 41:0 0041:0000 0041:0010 cc86mon:
Move this!.
Move this!. Move this!.
3-18
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Name Arguments
Syntax
<ascii>
Description
Name Arguments command allows command-line arguments passed loaded programs. syntax slightly different than debug that actual program name should entered, only arguments. recommends that test programs rely command-line arguments easy forget command.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
3-19
Output Word
Syntax
<word> <byte> <word> <byte>|<word>
Description
Output Word command outputs second parameter (byte word) port given first parameter. word-wide outputs, bytewide outputs.
cc86mon: ff80 abcd cc86mon:
3-20
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Boot Parameters
Syntax
[VariableName DecimalValue]
Description
Boot Parameters command sets displays information about boot parameters system. monitor stores these values Flash memory device between monitor absolute address FFF00. Variables altered around five hundred times before this area becomes full.
cc86mon: baudrate cpuspeed refresh_hz waitstates autorun monitorport protectflash cc86mon: 19200 40000000 64000 000e0000
Note that because cannot execute from Flash memory device while modifying this command moves monitor then back, destroying user program already loaded. E86MON supports following permanent variables: autorun When this non-zero, selects which .EXE program load from Flash memory boot time. command used store .EXE programs into Flash memory. .EXE programs listed using command. This defines default baudrate used detected during 3-second autobaud period boot. (Note that baud rate correct unless cpuspeed also correct.)
baudrate
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3-21
cpuspeed
This defines speed monitor. This required correct default baud rate correct DRAM refresh rate selection (Am186CC/CH/CU Am186ED devices only). also used internal timer tick correctly. internal timer tick used benchmark programs also governs speed patterns. This should only nonzero when monitor running Hamilton-Hallmark "keychain" system. sets various GPIOs correctly this system. When this nonzero, monitor uses LEDs show current status. When this zero, monitor does change LEDs. this zero GPIOs connected other hardware want E86MON software disturbing that hardware. This value useful only Am186CC/CH/CU Am186ED devices. defines rate which refresh cycles occur. default rate KHz, which provides refresh cycles every Note that actual refresh rate correct unless cpuspeed permanent variable matches actual clock speed. This value used only Am186CC/CH/CU Am186ED devices select wait states DRAM.
hhkey
refresh_hz
waitstates
protectflash Locations between this variable monitor upgrade sector (Figure page 1-5) erased command. specific sector still erased with <sector number> command.
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E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Display/Alter Register
Syntax
[RegisterName] [FlagName]
Description
command with parameters displays current state registers flags. also used value register flag bit. examine register, RegisterName. example, prints current value register prompts value. change register without examining RegisterName Word. example, 5000 changes value 5000h. examine flags, This prints current flag values prompts two-letter code change them. Flag names same those used debug. incorrect flag name, E86MON software prompts with list valid flag names. change flag without examining FlagName. example, sets direction flag that direction flag "down". Note that most situations, spaces optional. commands described previous paragraphs could entered RAX, RAX5000, RFDN.
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3-23
Search List
Syntax
<range> <list>
Description
Search List command searches given range list bytes. starting address each occurrence list within range displayed. There display list found within range.
cc86mon: f8000 l200 "AMD" 0/00f8002 cc86mon:
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E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Trace
Syntax
[=address] [word]
Description
Trace command traces steps through execution program. Either single multiple instructions executed using optional word parameter. starting values with optional address parameter. When command entered, Single-Step Flag (TF) Processor Status Flags (FLAGS) register set, stack restored, execution resumed instruction. this point trace interrupt occurs, registers pushed back onto stack, E86MON software prompt displayed. After completion command, address stopped location displayed screen. word parameter entered, trace command displays each address traced.
cc86mon: =410:0 0410:0002 AX=1234 BX=0000 DS=0041 ES=0041 cc86mon: AX=1234 BX=0000 DS=0041 ES=0041 cc86mon: CX=0000 SS=7F51 CX=0000 SS=7F51 DX=0000 CS=0410 DX=0000 CS=0410 SP=03FA IP=0004 SP=03FA IP=0006 BP=0000 SI=0000 DI=0000 BP=0000 SI=0000 DI=0000
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3-25
Write Flash
Syntax
[mnemonic name]
Description
Write Flash command initiates download relocatable .HEX file (generated running host program MAKEHEX executable) Flash memory device. mnemonic name given that program identified later multiple programs stored Flash memory device. Programs stored starting lowest address Flash memory device. command later move program into execution, AutoRun command cause monitor load program boot time.
cc86mon: seconds Begin file transfer (using XON/XOFF) now. Transferring file (Press abort). Device programmed successfully Note flash operation used (overwrote) RAM. cc86mon: 8000:0000 seconds cc86mon:
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E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Exterminate Flash
Syntax
<sector number>
Description
Exterminate Flash command erases sectors application area Flash memory, given, erases them (unless protectflash variable used; page 3-22). command used retrieve information about sectoring Flash memory device. refer first sector, next one, etc.
cc86mon: Erasing flash sector 80000. Erasing flash sector 90000. Erasing flash sector A0000. Erasing flash sector B0000. Erasing flash sector C0000. Erasing flash sector D0000. Erasing flash sector E0000. Protected! (not erased Erasing flash sector F0000.
Note flash operation used (overwrote) RAM. cc86mon:
Note that because cannot execute from Flash memory device while modifying this command moves E86MON software then back, destroying user program already loaded into RAM.
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3-27
Upgrade Monitor Restore Flash Lock Monitor
Syntax
Description
Upgrade Monitor command upgrades boot monitor. used three purposes: upgrade monitor: From monitor that running upgrade location (normally F0000h, depends Flash memory type), type upgrade boot monitor same Flash memory device. restore Flash: From monitor that running boot monitor location (F8000h), type replace dead monitor different Flash memory device boards that support switch from Flash memory device another, such Am186CC/CH/CU, Net186, SD186ED boards). lock monitor RAM: Type then enter prompt. monitor copies itself remains executing from RAM. Extensions relocated RAM. "Upgrading E86MON Software" page more information.
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E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix Notes Terminal Emulators
This appendix provides information using E86MON software with various terminal emulators. Most Windows programs send break using Ctrl-Break. PROCOMM PLUS sends break using Alt-B. HyperTerm program that comes with Windows Windows works with E86MON software, other commercially available programs work better. HyperTerm following problems:
Especially UART FIFO enabled, priority given receive, making difficult abort long dump done error. Shutting UART FIFO helps this dramatically. only abort file transmission seems Disconnect Reconnect. Unfortunately, when this, HyperTerm forgets file open, have exit restart HyperTerm close file. transmitting .HEX files, baud rate seems immaterial HyperTerm. Unless your computer exceptionally fast, transfers 115200 operate faster than 19200. HyperTerm cannot send ASCII file without either stripping adding linefeeds, this limitation does affect version 3.2.1 later E86MON.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix Utilities Included With E86MON Software
This appendix provides description MAKEHEX EDITMON utilities that included with E86MON software.
MAKEHEX Utility
MAKEHEX utility program included with E86MON software both source form executable (.EXE) file. MAKEHEX utility takes .EXE, .COM, .BIN file, creates .HEX file suitable downloading E86MON software. There ways MAKEHEX:
MAKEHEX SAMPLE
This takes SAMPLE.COM, SAMPLE.BIN, SAMPLE.EXE, creates relocatable .HEX file named SAMPLE.HEX. E86MON software loads this file straight RAM, relocates prepares running. Alternatively, command accepts this file stores Flash subsequent copying RAM. second MAKEHEX
MAKEHEX SAMPLE <segment>
segment given, file should contain relocation items. MAKEHEX creates .HEX file which located given segment. This option used build E86MON software itself.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
NOTE: MAKEHEX utility with Version 3.3.x monitor changed from previous versions. files built with older (3.2.x) MAKEHEX utility download with Version 3.3.x monitor. Additionally, 3.3.x MAKEHEX files execute 3.2.x monitor. Appendix "Error Messages".
EDITMON Utility
EDITMON utility program included with E86MON software both source form executable (.EXE) file. EDITMON utility allows editing E86MON software permanent variables inside .EXE file before E86MON software converted using MAKEHEX. EDITMON useful generating file that burned using PROM programmer (e.g., EMON332B.HEX). makefile E86MON software Hamilton-Hallmark Amber reference design uses EDITMON frequency, HHKEY permanent variable. more information EDITMON utility, Appendix "Porting E86MON Software Other Environments".
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix Error Messages
This appendix provides alphabetical listing error messages generated E86MON software.
Error Messages
`permvar' valid permanent variable
permvar name entered command valid permanent variable name. Check spelling again. list valid permanent variables displayed typing command with parameters.
Byte already programmed (erase first)
command clear Flash before programming.
Cannot erase area running from!
usually encounter this error have loaded copy E86MON software into application area running from Press Reset type FFFF0, type within three seconds execute from monitor boot location.
Cannot identify device
E86MON software could identify type Flash board.
Cannot modify flash while executing from
This message should seen during normal operation.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Error Messages (continued)
Cannot modify flash within second monitor invocation FFFF0 restart monitor) Cannot update monitor boot vector must point monitor
application boot pointer does point monitor. command clear application boot vector, download monitor again cause application boot vector filled properly.
Cannot update monitor must update from flash area
monitor executing from correct location (F0000). MAKEHEX reload correct location.
Cannot update monitor hardware init code large
size hardware initialization area EMSTART.ASM) larger than bytes.
Cannot update monitor monitor large
monitor does into space provided.
Erase operation failed
Your Flash device require replacement.
.EXE file does memory
This message sometimes seen SD186ER demonstration boards. make your program smaller.
File error: Invalid segment start record file line number
MAKEHEX utility with Version 3.3.x monitor changed from previous versions. files built with older (3.2.x) MAKEHEX utility download with Version 3.3.x monitor. Additionally, 3.3.x MAKEHEX files execute 3.2.x monitor. Rebuild your file using MAKEHEX utility.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Error Messages (continued)
Flash formatted correctly (use erase)
There enough unused flash available hold relocatable program. Free flash using command.
Help available command load extension with help
sector containing monitor extensions erased (E0000), extensions were installed. Download extensions into Flash.
Insufficient program's requirements
program requested more memory than available target hardware.
Invalid checksum file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
Invalid record file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
Invalid sector number
command determine number sectors device. command only erases application sectors.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Error Messages (continued)
Invalid Segment start record file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
Invalid start location record file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
Memory region range: 1/00f0000 file line number Note flash operation used (overwrote) RAM.
file tried load Flash reserved Flash location.
program loaded
default CS:IP register pair, which when E86MON software entered, whenever program terminates, points code that produces this message when executed.
Non-hex character record file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Error Messages (continued)
Note flash operation used (overwrote)
This simply informational message indicating that contents longer what expect. Flash programming code must executed from because code cannot fetched from FLASH while flash being programmed. Because this, E86MON copied prior flash write operation. This will overwrite prior contents.
Program found flash
program corresponding parameter given command found. command with parameter display list loaded programs.
Program operation failed
Your Flash device require replacement.
Record does start with colon file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
Record Length Incorrect file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
current value 'permvar' does match boot value.
tested permanent variable change, then tried update boot area Flash memory. permanent variables want them (from boot monitor) before running updating E86MON software from application area Flash memory.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Error Messages (continued)
default value 'permvar' cannot updated.
updated boot monitor, changed permanent variable, trying update again. command then download monitor again before update boot monitor.
Unexpected Sentinel
This message indicates error processing Flash vector information.
Unknown record type file line number
This message indicates problem with your .HEX file that line noise encountered during download. Some processor variants, especially early SD186EM SD188EM systems, susceptible minute baud rate variations between board terminal. suspect this case, your terminal program stop bits.
User aborted download file line number
ASCII control character (e.g., escape) received during download.
must running from boot monitor update permanent variables.
running E86MON software from copy from application area Flash memory. Press reset, type FFFF0, type within three seconds from boot area Flash memory.
command requires relocatable file
After entering command, downloaded .HEX file that created from .EXE file using supplied MAKEHEX utility.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix Emulation Support
This appendix provides description emulation environment supported E86MON software. E86MON software supplies minimal emulation environment running converted .EXE files. When AMD-extended .HEX file downloaded, Program Segment Prefix (PSP) generated file. Most PSP's fields that examined programs filled program relocated into RAM. difference from normal environments that default near heap very small, especially SD186ER demonstration boards. heap this problem (e.g., _fmalloc). E86MON software also supports emulation images. When image makes first call, E86MON software enables interrupts serial port timer (which would have been enabled E86MON software jumped straight application vector reset). Then, E86MON software ready provide services. following interrupts supported: 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service Terminate program execution Terminate program execution Character input with echo Character output input (reads code) output (writes code) Direct console input input Display string terminated with Buffered console input Check Keyboard Status Flush execute keyboard function interrupt vector
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service 21h, service
date (returns dummy date) time time version (returns 2.10) interrupt vector File read (only supported console) File write (only supported console) device information (only supported console) Subfunction device data Allocate memory Free memory Resize memory Terminate process with return code
downloaded program attempts invoke unsupported function, execution program halted, E86MON software displays command prompt. this point, examine registers downloaded program determine which unsupported function invoked. many cases, execution function critical operation downloaded program, simply command resume program execution. However, execution unsupported function critical operation downloaded program, must either modify program avoid execution unsupported function, modify E86MON software support this function.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Appendix Porting E86MON Software Other Environments
Although only supports E86MON software Am186 Am188 family boards, assumes liability improper operation software, many customers find advantageous E86MON software initially bringing hardware their designs. Historically, customers wishing E86MON software have modified source code adapt software their designs. However, versions 3.2.1 later E86MON software used bring test most hardware designs without modifying source code, using EDITMON.EXE E86MON software's boot parameters.
using Version 3.2.1 later E86MON software, your \OUT subdirectory contains files EDITMON.EXE EMON332.EXE. following command sequence modifies EMON332.EXE change speed MHz, baud rate 9600:
EDITMON EMON332 CPUSPEED 20000000 EDITMON EMON332 BAUDRATE 9600
When have done this, MAKEHEX.EXE convert EMON332.EXE into EMON332.HEX. want segment parameter MAKEHEX locate E86MON software device image:
MAKEHEX MAKEHEX MAKEHEX MAKEHEX EMON332 7800 EMON332 3800 EMON332 1800 EMON332 512-KByte devices 256-KByte devices 128-KByte devices 64-KByte devices
Before downloading EMON332.HEX device programmer, should ensure that memory programmer erased FFs. this done, E86MON software assume that there application program loaded jump after booting.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
boot, E86MON software automatically determines Flash memory type size (for most Flash devices) automatically determines size. E86MON software programmed into EPROM non-AMD Flash memory device, does perform operations that require programming Flash memory, still perform operations. E86MON software sets cover upper 512K address space, sets cover size lower address space. Flash memory device smaller than 512K, device aliased multiple times throughout upper 512K address space. your application requires upper 512K address space, should first reprogram size match actual Flash size, then program desired address. Otherwise, there need change programming UCS. source code modification E86MON software required, file list README.TXT file help determine which files require modification. Also, feel modifications would beneficial others, please contact submit them possible inclusion subsequent E86MON software versions. information contact AMD, numbers back your manual.
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Index
alter memory command, 3-10 architecture, arithmetic, math command, 3-13 autobaud again command, 3-16 automatic baud rate detection, autorun variable, 3-21 register, 3-23 command parameters, comment statement, compare memory command, conventions, documentation, xiii cpuspeed variable, 3-22 register, 3-23 register, 3-23
data bits setting, register, 3-23 display memory, display/alter register command, 3-23 documentation conventions, xiii description reference material, support, automatically starting, 3-21 command line arguments, 3-19 downloading files, interrupt emulation, load program, 3-17 name program Flash memory, 3-26 download command, downloading files, files, DRAM memory format figure, register, 3-23 dump memory command, register, 3-23
baud rate autobaud again command, 3-16 automatic detection, baudrate variable, 3-21 baudrate variable, 3-21 begin download command, boot parameters command, 3-21 register, 3-23 break key, breakpoint command, register, 3-23
change memory enter, 3-10 fill, 3-11 move, 3-18 CodeKit software,
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Index-1
E86MON software documentation, features, location memory, overview, porting, upgrade, edit memory enter, 3-10 fill, 3-11 move, 3-18 editmon program description, example, emulator, terminal, enter memory command, 3-10 erase flash, 3-27 error messages, register, 3-23 executable files, downloading, execute program, 3-12 extended files, exterminate flash command, 3-27
getting started, command, 3-7, 3-12
help command, 3-13 files, downloading, math command, 3-13 hhkey variable, 3-22
info about system command, 3-14 input command, 3-15 Intel files, interrupting execution, interrupts emulation, vectors used E86MON, input, 3-15 organization, output, 3-20 register, 3-23
features, E86MON software, fill memory command, 3-11 find string memory, 3-24 flags register, 3-23 Flash memory erase, 3-27 format, information, 3-14 flow control setting,
LCS, variable, 3-22 literature support, load command, 3-17
Index-2
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
makehex program description, using, version, math, math command, 3-13 memory Flash organization, 1-5, organization, 1-6, messages, mnemonic name, 3-26 monitor location, 3-14 monitor size, 3-14 move memory command, 3-18
location, 3-14 size, 3-14 refresh_hz variable, 3-22 register command, display/alter, 3-23 reset processing, program, 3-12
sample download files, search list command, 3-24 serial connection, 3-16 break point, register, 3-23 single step, 3-25 register, 3-23 register, 3-23 startup program, status register, 3-23 system, 3-14 stop setting, support, syntax, system information, 3-14
name arguments command, 3-19 name program Flash memory, 3-26
output word command, 3-20
parameters boot, 3-21 command, parity setting, peripheral control block (PCB), port settings, 3-21 porting E86MON software, power-on processing, program autorun, 3-21 load, 3-17 protectflash variable, 3-22
technical support, terminal emulators, third-party support, time, 3-14 trace command, 3-7, 3-25
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
Index-3
UCS, upgrade E86MON software, upgrade monitor command, 3-28 utilities editmon, makehex,
variables, boot, 3-21 version number,
waitstates variable, 3-22 welcome screen, write flash command, 3-26 support,
xon/xoff flow control,
Index-4
E86MONSoftware User's Manual
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