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BluetoothFront T7024 Design Guide
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Information contained this paper intended provide product description. Such description does constitute assured characteristics legal sense, those design hints provide information regarding delivery conditions availability. Atmel Germany GmbH makes representation that interconnection circuits described herein will infringe existing future patent rights, descriptions contained herein imply granting licenses make, sell equipment constructed accordance therewith. information presented this paper believed accurate reliable. However, responsibility assumed Atmel Germany GmbH use. Part publication reproduced without special permission condition that author source quoted that copies such extracts placed disposal after publication. Written permission should obtained from publisher complete reprints translations. reserve right amend information without prior notice, including issue letters patent.
Publisher: Atmel Germany GmbH P.O.B. 3535 74025 Heilbronn Phone 7131 67-2594 7131 67-2423 http://www.atmel-wm.com
Note: Bluetooth Bluetooth logos trademarks owned Bluetooth SIG, Inc., U.S.A. licensed Atmel Corporation
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Table Contents
General Information.5 Reference Design PSSO20 Package Reference Design HP-VFQFP-N20 Package Power Amplifier.9 Low-Noise Amplifier Switch Driver Application Board Connectors S-Parameter Data Reference Designs.12 Load Pull Data Reference Designs.15
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General Information
T7024 single supply front designed especially applications frequency band. front consists power amplifier (PA), noise amplifier (LNA) switch driver diode antenna switch. T7024 compliant with TDMA systems such Bluetooth, DECT, 802.11 FHSS WLAN, home standards. However, since operated same time, T7024 also open other modulation systems when antenna switch needed. block diagram T7024 shown figure. designed three stage amplifier with analog input control (RAMP) simplified control
output power. This control also used switch power down mode. designed deliver (200 output power with high efficiency typically 35%, however, power added efficiencies about reached with HP-VFQFP-20 package. stage amplifier frequency range with typical noise figure digital controls. control toggles between diode switch, other control switches antenna switch from current saving standby mode active mode. diode switch activates external antenna switch. current consumption antenna switch controlled with external resistor.
LNA_OUT
RX_ON
V1_PA
V2_PA
V2_PA V3_PA_OUT
standby Control
SiGe 7024 SWITCH_OUT R_SWITCH LNA_IN VS_LNA V3_PA_OUT V3_PA_OUT
Figure Block diagram
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RAMP
PA_IN
Reference Design PSSO20 Package
typical application board support circuitry T7024 PSSO20 package depicted figures 2-4. reference design consists four-layer printed circuit board. upper layer contains lines most connections. internal layers used ground connections some connections made backside application board. lines input output lines with width spacing ground layer. Gerber file with information printed circuit available request.
Figure Photograph T7024 application board PSSO20 package.
LNA_OUT
PA_IN
LNA_SUPPLY 100pF 100pF 3.9nH 5.6nH 3.9pF 15pF 3.3pF 56pF 15nH 56pF 2k7R 390R DIL-Switch LNA_IN PA_OUT 1.8pF 0.8pF 1.5pF 10pF
Figure Layout T7024 application board PSSO20 package
PA_SUPPLY
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V1_PA
100p
3.9nH 5.6nH 3.9p
V2_PA ramp
100p T7024
harm. termination selected with DIL-switch pin-diode replaced applicationboard Switch 1.8p
15nH 10p1n
VS_LNA V3_PA
Figure Schematic T7024 application board PSSO20 package
Reference Design HPVFQFP-N20 Package
typical application module support circuitry T7024 HP-VFQFP-N20 package depicted figures reference design consists four-layer printed circuit board where upper layer contains lines most connections. internal layers used ground connections some connections made backside application board. lines input output 50ohm lines with width spacing ground layer. Gerber file with information printed circuit available request.
Figure Photograph T7024 application board HP-VFQFP-N20 package
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LNA_OUT
PA_IN
2.2pF
100pF 100pF
15pF 3.3pF 56pF
2.2pF 10pF
0.8pF
1.8pF
390R LNA_IN PA_OUT
Figure Layout T7024 application board HP-VFQFP-N20 package
V1_PA
2.2p 100p
V2_PA
100p
T7024
ramp harm. termination
selected with DIL-switch
1.8p
18nH
pin-diode replaced applicationboard Switch VS_LNA V3_PA
Figure Schematic T7024 application board HP-VFQFP-N20 package
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Power Amplifier
power amplifier T7024 designed three stage amplifier. input stage amplifier coupled PA_IN, therefore blocking capacitor necessary input port. However, external matching circuit should designed optimum performance power amplifier. power amplifier nominal input power dBm. therefore recommended that input circuit designed this value. This done matching circuits application boards. difference between input matching circuits T7024 PSSO20 package T7024 HP-VFQFP package result from fact that performance changes with different packages. supply voltage collector first amplifier stage connected V1_PA. Since collector internally matched simplified device, additional matching needed. supply voltage collector second stage using transmission line. both reference designs, capacitor with high value should placed near connectors. blocking this stage with capacitor done after length approx. using transmission line. Finally, third stage uses three output connectors open collector. reference design PSSO20 package, recommended that short stub with length used harmonic termination. This harmonic termination necessary achieve output power, however, shorting second harmonic reduces losses output transistor therefore increases power added efficiency (PAE). other output connectors (pin connected each other. output matching, capacitor ground blocking capacitor should used. Make sure that capacitor ground placed very close output connectors. feeding inductor should also placed near output. reference design HP-VFQFP package uses actually short stubs with length harmonic terminations. output matching, capacitor ground blocking capacitor should used. Make sure that capacitor ground blocking capacitor placed very closed output connector. Finally, feeding inductor should also placed near output Since capacitors play major role good match Ohms both reference designs,
recommended that capacitors with high factor used. design output matching circuit correct s-parameter test network analyzer. measurement output matching with network analyzer results wrong values, since measurement done without input output stage output stage sensitive input power bias, which also changes with input power. output matching only designed using load pull setup, with which possible measure output power load impedance. load pull setup available, described matching with capacitors used transform output impedance approx. +j17 output pins) load PSSO20 package. output impedance output HP-VFQFP-N20 package approx. GHz. measured load pull data summarized figures output matching power amplifier includes loads which used harmonic terminations. schematic, these lines labeled "harm. termination". harmonic termination consists open pin, which internally connected output. these harmonic terminations results increased power added efficiency power amplifier. effect this harmonic termination influences output impedance power amplifier. These effects included reported reference designs. Please note, that important only design optimum input output matching, also design right termination supplies, optimum output power power added efficiency from three stages amplifier separated application board allowing access each collector stage, blocking capacitors needed each stage. However, final design blocking functionality combined reduce space costs. output power current consumption regulated with ramp connector, which also used switch standby mode with quiescent current typically below ramp voltage between 1.75 usual operating mode power amplifier. higher ramping voltage results higher output power operating point output power reached approx. 1.75 ramp signal. ramp control circuit T7024 designed operate with control voltage input signal ramp input. However, also possible current input signal.
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Low-Noise Amplifier
noise amplifier (LNA) T7024 stage amplifier with internal matching 2.45 GHz. supply, input, output, control signals, ground connections. order achieve good noise figure, recommended that some blocking capacitors used supply LNA. input coupled internal circuitry. blocking capacitor therefore necessary input. This blocking capacitor should also used matching input port. capacitor used reference designs both matching Ohms noise matching. output internal blocking capacitor, therefore external blocking necessary. Since output only minor
influence noise figure, sufficient design output network with good match Ohms. controlled together with switch driver using RX_ON control pin. high signal switches from standby state with quiescent current active state. RX_ON signal toggles between (RX_ON high) switch driver (RX_ON low), since switch driver used simultaneously, further design considerations next paragraph.
Switch Driver
switch driver T7024 front used realize antenna switch. switched current source used this purpose. supply also used switch driver. switch driver turned with control signals high RX_ON low. typical application switch driver shown following figure
T7024
SWITCH
match
match
supply
antenna
Figure Antenna switch with T7024
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operation antenna switch follows. switch driver receive mode (RX_ON high), switch port draws current. this case, diodes seen high impedance. this case, input connected directly antenna. transmit mode RX_ON signal toggled low. switch port draws current ground diodes switched impedance. hand, output connected directly antenna, other hand, quarter wavelength transmission line between diodes transforms short capacitor switch connector open diode line. Therefore, input separated from output high output power delivered input. switch current adjusted between approx. using reference resistor R_SWITCH pin.
However, antenna switch realized application board order allow good access input output. used application board instead diode visualization purposes.
Application Board Connectors
application uses four female connectors signals out, out. connections made with connectors, with lines ramp, ground supply voltages three amplifier stages V1_PA, V2_PA, V3_PA, connector with lines supply voltage, ground, switch current, (power RX_ON. connectors depicted figure
Connector (top view, cable leaves direction, upper left corner application board) VS_LNA (red) (blue) RX_ON (yellow) connected Switch (green) ground (black)
Connector (top view, cable leaves right direction, right side application board)
V1_PA (yellow) V2_PA (green) RAMP (Coax)
board)
Ground (black) Ground (black) Ground (black) V3_PA (red) V3_PA(red) board)
Figure connectors application board
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S-Parameter Data Reference Designs
following S-parameter diagrams measured with described reference designs. However, reference plane calibration shifted input output pin. test power dBm, test power input dBm.
T7024 HP-VFQFP-N20:
Markers 18.056 -14.909 2.40000 18.257 -13.646 2.45000 18.800 -12.161 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter date input, HP-VFQFP-N20 package
T7024 HP-VFQFP-N20:
Markers 29.999 7.2109 2.40000 37.463 16.459 2.45000 47.840 23.676 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter date output, HP-VFQFP-N20 package 12.0
T7024 HP-VFQFP-N20:
Markers 57.678 33.381 2.40000 59.650 36.945 2.45000 61.980 40.143 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter date input, HP-VFQFP-N20 package
T7024 PSSO20:
Markers 63.189 -1.1504 2.40000 61.566 -12.740 2.45000 41.990 -17.947 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter data input, PSSO20 package
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T7024 PSSO20:
Markers 14.313 39.973 2.40000 20.834 55.268 2.45000 40.277 72.930 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter data output, PSSO20 package
T7024 PSSO20:
Markers 29.337 -11.646 2.40000 28.811 -11.017 2.45000 28.032 -10.463 2.50000
Start: Stop:
Figure Measured S-parameter data input, PSSO20 package
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Load Pull Data Reference Designs
Load pull measurements power amplifiers made using load pull system. measurements were calibrated output pins power amplifier order output impedance measurement results summarized following table figures output power amplifier uses three pins. However, used harmonic termination. Therefore, during load pull measurement, load output pins been changed. depicted results impedances
seen output transistor optimum power power added efficiency. PSSO20 Package Frequency 2.45 2.48 Load Impedance 15.0 16.8 12.7 12.8 12.0 11.7 11.9 10.3 HP-VFQFP-N20 Package Load Impedance 22.0 28.6 19.5 28.8 16.2 21.4 14.8 24.7
Figure Measured output impedance output, PSSO20 package (reference: ohm)
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Figure Measured output impedance output, HP-VFQFP-N20 package (reference: ohm)
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