registered trademark Atmel Corporation, 2325 Orchard Parkway, Jose, 95

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BluetoothGeneral Information White Paper
registered trademark Atmel Corporation, 2325 Orchard Parkway, Jose, 95131
Rev. 1993A-11/00
White Paper
Introduction
Bluetooth wireless technology world's shortrange transmission standard small form factor, lowcost, short-range radio links between portable desktop devices. technology promises eliminate confusion cables, connectors protocols confounding communications between today's high tech products. Mobile phones, pagers, laptops, PDAs, digital cameras more, have common structure communicating across their product platforms. Bluetooth wireless technology provides solution continuously increasing need mobile freedom. increase number users, constant shrinking, portable computers, well trend towards replacement desktop computers from portable ones, form ideal market environment solution that eliminates annoying cable limitations regarding flexibility range. Bluetooth low-cost, low-power, secure robust standard short-range connectivity. technology been designed ease use, simultaneous voice data multi-point communications. supports range meters, which increased meters with amplifier. initiative specification belongs Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) (www.bluetooth.com) which founded February 1998. start, consisted Ericsson Mobile Communications, Intel, IBM, Toshiba Nokia Mobile Phones. This group represented diverse market support that needed generate good support technology. With over 2,000 companies part Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), tomorrow's products will fall into categories: those that enabled with Bluetooth those that not. Apart from definition radio link protocols, Bluetooth ensure same interpretation Bluetooth standard future vendors. Therefore, defined number user models prot interoperability verification.
White Paper
Does Work?
Bluetooth system four basic parts: radio (RF) that receives transmits data voice; baseband link control unit that processes transmitted received data; link management software that manages transmission; supporting application software. Bluetooth radio short-distance, low-power radio that operates unlicensed spectrum GHz. This spectrum shared other types equipment (e.g. microwave ovens). order avoid interference, Bluetooth specification employs Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques. Using nominal antenna power dBm, range meters feet). Optionally, range meters (328 feet) achieved using antenna power dBm. Data transmitted maximum gross rate Mbps. Protocol overhead limits practical data rate little over kbps. Interference being range further decrease achievable data rate. Baseband hardware that turns received radio signals into digital form, which processed host application. also converts digital voice data into form that transmitted using radio signal. baseband Figure Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
processor takes care converting data from form another (such voice digital data), compressing putting into packets, taking from packets, assigning identifiers error correction information then reversing entire process data that received. Bluetooth, baseband function called link controller. link manager software runs microprocessor manages communication between Bluetooth devices. Each Bluetooth device link manager, which discovers other remote link managers, communicates with them handle link setup, negotiate features, authenticate encrypt adjust data rate link, dynamically. application software embedded device that operates application over Bluetooth protocol stack (see Figure This software allows PDA, mobile phone, keyboard job. Bluetooth devices must have compatible sections their Bluetooth stack, that Bluetooth devices will able interoperate with each other.
Applications Drivers
Link Control Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP Host Controller Interface Driver Host Controller Interface Transport layer (HCI transport
Host side
Host device boundary (PCMCIA, UART)
Host Controller Interface Transport layer (HCI Transport) Host Controller Interface (HCI) Link Manager Protocol (LMP) Link Controller (LC) Bluetooth (Baseband Processor
device side
Components Bluetooth System
Bluetooth designs require antenna, transceiver baseband controller that meet Bluetooth specification (see Table microcontroller (MCU) link control, link manager Host Controller Interface (HCI) and/or Logical Link Control Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) firmware, well memory store firmware, configuration information short-term operating information also needed. Alternatively, developers choose implement protocols including, microcontroller, implement driver L2CAP machine that hosts Bluetooth chipset. Quite combinations Bluetooth hardware possible. These range from single-chip solutions (RF, Baseband, Microcontroller memory integrated into chip), four-chip solutions (RF, Baseband, Microcontroller memory separate chips). Table Bluetooth V1.0 Specification Summary
Radio Frequency Spread Spectrum Technique Frequencies Rate Transmitting Power Max. Range Max. Gross Rate Max. Practical Rate (ACL-Symmetric) Max. Practical Rate (ACL-Asymmetric) Rate (SCO) Max. Piconet Units Power Save Modes 2.45GHz (ISM band) Frequency Hopping (spaced apart) 1,600 hops/sec (625 dwell time) dBm)/100 dBm) Mbps 433.9 Kbps 723.2 Kbps/57.6 Kbps Kbps master slaves) Hold-Sniff-Park
Atmel Offering
Atmel, Bluetooth member, world's companies that offers systems designers complete, single-vendor Bluetooth solution baseband/ microcontroller, Flash, software firmware. Atmel main chip facilities Colorado Springs, Colorado, Rousset, France Heilbronn, Germany extensive experience refining process technologies achieve system-level integration components Bluetooth standard. Currently, Atmel offers complete three-chip solution: baseband microcontroller functions into chip, transceiver Flash memory. roadmap includes eventual integration these three chips into single-chip solution. Figure Atmel's AT76C551 Bluetooth Module
White Paper
White Paper
Atmel's Bluetooth
Atmel's Bluetooth baseband controller, conjunction with 2.45 transceiver, provides low-chip count solution wide range digital communication devices comp AR7TDMI processor, includes bytes internal SRAM supports three different interfaces: PCMCIA, UART. Some versions will also include 16-bit voice Codec capable either CVSD voice coding. part, Atmel offers T2901, which transceiver with integrated synthesizer VCO. transceiver supports Bluetooth's meter "Pico-Cable" specification features proprietary image rejection mixer advanced closed loop modulation. does require mechanical tuning. Figure ATMEL Bluetooth Firmware Architecture Model Also, Atmel offers T7024, which front supporting Bluetooth's meter "Mega-Cable" specification. chip features POUT typ, noise (2.0 typ), high gain ramp controlled output.
Atmel's Bluetooth Firmware Software
ATMEL provides customers firmware device side. L2CAP Service Discovery Protocols host side made available qualified customers. Software available through transport layer, well drivers PCMCIA UART interfaces. Drivers interface will soon available.
non-critical modules non-critical modules executed executed user mode user mode
Bluetooth Bluetooth Device Device
Bluetooth Bluetooth Link Manager Link Manager Host Host Control Interface Control Interface
Logical Link Logical Link Control Control Adaptation Adaptation Protocol Protocol Bluetooth Device Bluetooth Device Driver Driver
Host Host
Voice Codec driver Voice Codec driver
time-critical modules time-critical modules executed executed interrupt mode interrupt mode
Bluetooth Bluetooth Link Controller Link Controller
driver driver UART driver UART driver PCMCIA driver PCMCIA driver
driver driver UART driver UART driver PCMCIA driver PCMCIA driver
data Path data Path control path control path
Atmel Headquarters
Corporate Headquarters
2325 Orchard Parkway Jose, 95131 (408) 441-0311 (408) 487-2600
Atmel Operations
Atmel Colorado Springs
1150 Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, 80906 (719) 576-3300 (719) 540-1759
Europe
Atmel SarL Route Arsenaux Casa Postale CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland (41) 26-426-5555 (41) 26-426-5500
Atmel Rousset
Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex France (33) 4-4253-6000 (33) 4-4253-6001
Atmel Smart Card
Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride, Scotland (44) 1355-803-000 (44) 1355-242-743
Asia
Atmel Asia, Ltd. Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza Mody Road Tsimhatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong (852) 2721-9778 (852) 2722-1369
Atmel Grenoble
Avenue Rochepleine 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex France (33) 4-7658-3000 (33) 4-7658-3480
Japan
Atmel Japan K.K. Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan (81) 3-3523-3551 (81) 3-3523-7581
Fax-on-Demand
North America: 1-(800) 292-8635 International: 1-(408) 441-0732
e-mail
literature@atmel.com
Site
http://www.atmel.com
1-(408) 436-4309
Atmel Corporation 2000. Atmel Corporation makes warranty products, other than those expressly contained Company's standard warranty which detailed Atmel's Terms Conditions located Company's site. Company assumes responsibility errors which appear this document, reserves right change devices specifications detailed herein time without notice, does make commitment update information contained herein. licenses patents other intellectual property Atmel granted Company connection with sale Atmel products, expressly implication. Atmel's products authorized critical components life suppor devices systems. Bluetooth trademark owned Telefonaktiebolaget Ericsson Sweden licensed Atmel. other marks bearing
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