Signal Processing Solutions System-on-a Programmable-Chip Designs
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Signal Processing Megafunctions
Signal Processing Solutions System-on-a Programmable-Chip Designs
Signal Processing Proven Performance Portfolio
performance, high-throughput signal coding schemes, modulation functions, traditional signal processing algorithms. choose blocks from comprehensive signal processing portfolio standard functions create entire SOPC. Alternatively, individual signal processing functions systems that need focused performance enhancements. signal processing reusable; instantiate each function multiple times different designs. Hardware Acceleration Existing Designs Signal processing integrated easily into datapath pre- post-processor implement computationally rigorous routines, leaving processor center original design. Adding high-performance attack bottlenecks both ends existing processes allows software engineers leverage existing software code while enjoying benefits hardware acceleration (see Figure
Figure Hardware Acceleration Processor Systems
Signal Processing Solution Signal Processing Solution
systems with increasing performance requirements, rapid technology changes. Altera® signal processing intellectual property (IP) megafunctions complete portfolio proven, high-performance standard functions created help engineers meet these design challenges implement solution using single Altera programmable logic device (PLD). Each function portfolio-including MegaCore® Altera Megafunction Partners Program (AMPP functions-has been rigorously
ireless digital signal processing (DSP) engineers face difficult challenge: design communications infrastructure
tested meets exacting requirements IEEE world wide communications standards. Today, millions business users consumers powered Altera's signal processing download signal processing functions from MegaStoreweb site functions have user-friendly, wizard-driven graphical user interface (GUI) that provides intuitive, flexible environment customize meet system's requirements (see Figure
Figure Intuitive Customization
Convolutional Encoder
ReedSolomon Encoder
Processor Memory
Filter
Hardware Acceleration
Existing Software
Hardware Acceleration
Signal Coding
Altera provides variety signal coding functions encryption, forward error correction (FEC), cyclic redundancy code (CRC) checking (see Figure Encryption Altera's data encryption standard (DES) cores certified National Institute Standards Technology (NIST) used applications requiring electronic code book (ECB) triple-DES encryption. Using encryption makes easy implement operating mode proprietary preprocessing encryption stream. addition core, Altera Rijndael, SHA-1, cores.
Complete High-Performance Solution Market
Altera provides extensive portfolio drop-in wireless functions. signal processing portfolio includes everything need build systemon-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) solutions using high-
Altera Corporation
Figure Typical Transmitter Using Signal Processing
Forward Error Correction
Encryption
Basic Math Functions Transforms
Filters
Mappers
Numerically Controlled Oscillator QPSK
Cyclic Redundancy Code Check
Comparator Shift Registers
Signal Coding
Hardware Blocks
Modulation
Antenna
When starting design, communications systems engineers must weigh trade-off between data reliability throughput. Using modern techniques, receivers correct data that corrupted during signal transmission, thereby increasing effective data bandwidth, shown Figure
Figure Signal Coding Block Diagram
implemented Altera less than device. with signal processing functions, performance compromised; maximum data throughput increased from typical processor rate Mbps over Mbps. Turbo: Specified third-generation partnership project (3GPP) third-generation wireless infrastructure, turbo convolutional codes complex difficult easily implement processors. However, Altera's signal processing solution allows designers easily implement
Data
Outer Encoding Encryption/ CRC/FEC
Inner Encoding
Noisy Channel
Inner Decoding
Outer Decoding Decryption/ CRC/FEC
Data
turbo convolutional codes. Supporting data rates excess Mbps, turbo decoder features max-logMAP algorithm maximum error correction includes 3GPP-compliant interleaver. Altera first vendor offer
Reed-Solomon: Reed-Solomon advanced error correction technique that widely used data communication, storage, mobile computing. efficient Reed-Solomon algorithm uses polynomials redundancy transmitted data. Implementing ReedSolomon functionality using processors expensive unsuitable high-performance applications. signal processing portfolio provides wide range Reed-Solomon encoders decoders, including discrete, streaming, continuous, erasures-support. Implemented Altera PLD, parameterized Reed-Solomon solution provide 10-Mbps throughput cost less than high-performance Reed-Solomon decoding Mbps less than (using EP20K100E device operating MHz). Viterbi: High-performance, area-optimized 100-Mbps Viterbi decoding convolutional decoding) with flexible constraint lengths, soft bits, traceback length
3GPP-compliant turbo encoders decoders off-theshelf mainstream products. Other Coding Techniques Altera provides general-purpose functions such cyclic redundancy code (CRC) checkers specialized application-specific coding techniques such color space converters.
Hardware Blocks
Signal processing hardware blocks include filter transform functions basic building blocks, shown Figure Filters Digital filters such finite impulse response (FIR) infinite impulse response (IIR) filters offer more than times performance processors when implemented PLDs. Altera's compiler
Altera Corporation
Figure Reference Design Using Altera
I-Input yout
same provide faster design cycles higher performance, well power board space savings.
Cosine_mult
Altera Raised Cosine Filter cosine phi_inc
Integrated Design Environment
Altera provides integrated design environment
streamline your design flow.
Signal
Carrier Phase Increment
sine yout
Parameters with MegaWizard Plug-Ins Altera MegaWizard Plug-Ins provide customizing integrating into your design flow using tool. plug-ins graphically demonstrate functionality allow easy customization designs easy modification existing designs, shown figure With MegaWizard Plug-Ins, efficiently customize functions your design environment, saving time money.
Figure Compiler MegaWizard Plug-Ins
SIne_mult
Q-Input
Altera Raised Cosine Filter1
compiler signal processing functions reduce design time from weeks hours. Fast Fourier Transform Functions Traditionally performed processors, complex functions performed PLDs using parallel instantiations take advantage hardware acceleration. Altera signal processing portfolio contains several parameterizable functions integrate your design PLD. Basic Building Blocks Basic building blocks such adders, multipliers, counters, comparators, dividers available through standard library parameterized modules (LPM). Parameterizable functions instantiated easily using MegaWizard® Plug-In manager.
Modulation Demodulation
Designing modulators demodulators such quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), m-ary phase shift keying (MPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK) easy using Altera's compiler, constellation mapper/demapper, numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO) functions. Altera provides reference designs direct digital synthesis (DDS) QAM, that easily modify meet customized specifications. Using programmable logic implement your modulation scheme lets test your design hardware build design. Using power digital logic, signals cleanly modulated intermediate frequency (IF), digitally filtered, readied transmission. Single-chip integration modulator ability integrate signal coding techniques customized logic onto Both Altera AMPP partners offer parameterized functions with MegaWizard Plug-Ins. demonstration various MegaWizard Plug-Ins, visit signal processing page MegaStore site. Third-Party System-Level Tools Signal processing integrates easily into third-party system-level design tool flow. Mega Wizard Plug-Ins output graphical symbols Altera Hardware Description Language (AHDL), VHDL, Verilog files easy integration into custom designs. They also generate high-level simulation output files MATLAB Simulink software well VHDL Verilog simulation models.
Altera Corporation
Figure MATLAB/Simulink Interface
download functions from MegaStore site evaluation. Simply search desired follow download instructions.
Development Boards
Board-level verification essential successful design. support development verification SOPC designs, Altera partners provide variety development prototyping boards that speed system design allowing application software development begin concurrently with hardware development. Additionally, hardware designers verify functionality quickly effectively. complete listing development boards found MegaStore site.
Signal Processing Applications
Signal processing functions ideal highEasy Verification with advanced designs, verification process essential. verify functionality Altera Quartus® MAX+PLUS® software tools generate post place-and-route VHDL Verilog netlist files that imported into simulation tool. Altera also provides functional simulation models, allowing test prior synthesis. download functional simulation models from MegaStore site. facilitate verification process, system simulation models MATLAB Simulink provided with many cores. These models, which reflect parameters set, these popular design tools with simple keystrokes (see Figure performance, high-throughput applications. These applications, which would normally require several processors, placed into single highly flexible, high-performance PLD. Wired Signal processing ideal communications applications requiring high throughput such access multiplexers (DSLAMs), those requiring flexible modulation schemes such cable broadcasting. Media storage applications, such mass storage (magnetic optical), digital video disc, digital tape applications require robust algorithms. Wireless Broadband signal processing communications solution ideal rigorous high-throughput requirements wireless broadband applications. performance advantages parallel processing coupled with traditional flexibility programmable logic make signal processing ideal emerging areas such third-generation wireless, digital audio video broadcasting, multi-channel multipoint distribution services (MMDS), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Using designers quickly adapt changing standards such Wireless 802.11a, Wireless Broadband Working Group 802.16, HiperLAN/2. building blocks these applications require FEC, modulation,
Test-Drive Functions Risk-Free
Altera offers no-risk MegaCore function evaluation through OpenCore® feature. OpenCore feature lets compile simulate using Quartus MAX+PLUS software. verify functionality quickly easily, well evaluate size speed before making purchase decision. After licensing output EDIF, VHDL, Verilog netlist files, create programming configuration files Altera PLDs.
OpenCore
Altera Corporation
filtering, encryption-all areas addressed Altera's signal processing portfolio. 10-Gbps Solution ITU-T G.709 ITU-T G.709 defines network node interface optical transport network operating 2.5, Gbps, specifies Reed-Solomon section. Altera 10-Gbps single-chip solution available today. Altera continuous Reed-Solomon decoder runs over MHz, yielding 760-Mbps throughput. Altera's signal processing Reed-Solomon decoder able achieve Gbps using Reed-Solomon decoder cores parallel-each decoder positioned process every fourth code word. Reed-Solomon continuous decoder requires 2,460 logic elements (LEs) embedded system blocks (ESBs). With addition buffer memory minimal control logic, Altera's Reed-Solomon core enables 2.7-Gbps throughput 10,500 ESBs. This solution easily fits into APEXEP20K300E device. Further leveraging advantages dedicated hardware, Altera's signal processing Reed-Solomon decoder implement 10-Gbps throughput only single APEX EP20K1500E.
major blocks required implement OFDM system, shown Figure Proven Solutions Examples complete systems using from signal processing portfolio include:
Third-generation wireless CDMA basestations Digital video basestations Wireless broadband modems Global system mobile communication (GSM)-Edge
basestations
prototyping platforms MMDS basestations Professional recorders Multimedia satellite ground stations VDSL modems Video processing systems Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)
basestations Performance Advantages over Processors Programmable logic offers compelling performance advantages over processors. Programmable logic thought array elements, each which configured complex processor routine. These processor routines then linked together serial (the same processor would execute them), they connected parallel. parallel, they offer many times performance processor executing hundreds instructions once. Algorithms that benefit from this type performance increase include FEC, modulation/demodulation, encryption (see Figure Time-to-Market Advantages over ASICs ASSPs company with product typically makes profit first months production, before competition enters drives down prices. ASIC
OFDM
OFDM recently surged popularity wireless systems. Broadcast applications such terrestrial digital video broadcast, digital audio broadcast (DAB), "last-mile" connectivity applications such MMDS wireless local area networks have adopted standardized behind OFDM modulation method choice. With high-performance, parameterizable fast Fourier transform (FFT), well Reed-Solomon Viterbi functions, Altera's signal processing portfolio contains Figure Complete System Solution Typical OFDM Transmitter
Data
Forward Error Correction Coder
Interleaver
Constellation Mapper
Buffer
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
Parallel Serial
Cyclic Prefix Insertion
Shaper Filter
OFDM Modulator
Altera Solution Altera Solution Non-PLD Solution
Altera Corporation
Figure Signal Processing Advantage
Traditional Processor
Serial Operation
Flexibility
Programmable Logic Device
Parallel Operation
System specification changes, fixes, additional customer
Engine
requirements obsolete expensive ASIC. With programmable logic, systems upgraded field, eliminating costly recalls lost sales.
Memory
MegaStore
Altera's MegaStore site
features information technology system overviews provides searchable list available from Altera AMPP partners. Literature, board-level
Sequential (Serial) Operation
Parallel Operation
Clocks
Clock
implementations provide same performance functions implemented programmable logic, development lead times stretch year from design start. This programmable logic solution shortens development time, improving time-to-market.
demonstrations, simulation models, evaluation tools available site (see Table
Table Signal Processing Functions
FUNCTION
Color Space Converter (PLSM-CSC) Filter Compiler (PLSM-FIR) Numerically Controlled Oscillator Compiler (PLSM-NCO) Cyclic Redundancy Code Checker (PLSM-CRC) Symbol Interleaver/Deinterleaver (PLSM-INLV) Reed-Solomon Compiler, Encoder (PLSM-RSENC) Reed-Solomon Compiler, Decoder (PLSM-RSDEC2) Turbo Encoder Function (PLSM-TURBO/ENC) Turbo Decoder Function (PLSM-TURBO/DEC) Viterbi Compiler, High-Speed Parallel Decoder (PLSM-HC-VITERBI/HS) Viterbi Compiler, Low-Speed/Hybrid Serial Decoder (PLSM-HC-VITERBI/SS) Compiler (PLSM-IIR) Constellation Mapper/Demapper (PLSM-SYMMAP) 8b10b Encoder Decoder (PLSM-ED8BIOB) FFT/IFFT Processor (PLSM-HC-FFT) ARCTAN Hadamard Transform Processor (PLSM-HADAMARD) Reed-Solomon Decoder Minicore (PLSM-RSDEC/MINI) High-Speed Rijndael Encryption/Decryption (PLSM-RIJNDAEL/HS) Low-Speed Rijndael Encryption/Decryption (PLSM-RIJNDAEL/LS) Secure Hash Algorithm (PLSM-SHA1) Message Digest Algorithm (PLSM-MD5) Adaptive Equalizer (PLSM-HC-EQUALIZER)
SOURCE
Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation Altera Corporation HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera
PRODUCT FAMILY
APEX, APEX FLEX®, ACEXTM, MercuryAPEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX Mercury APEX, APEX APEX Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury
Altera Corporation
Table Signal Processing Functions (continued from page
FUNCTION
CORDIC U-Law A-Law Companders Logarithm Function Square Root Function Encryption Processor (PLSM-HC-DES) BIST Jitter Measurement Function (X_DES) Digital Encryption Function Encryption Core 256-Point Convolutional Interleaver Adaptive Equalizer Sync Detector Trellis-Coded Modulator Discrete Cosine Transform FFT/IFFT High Performance 64-Point FFT/IFFT Latency 64-Point Floating-Point Operator Library Image Processing Library Laplacian Edge Detector Rank Order Filter Library JPEG Encoder Decoder Functions Adaptive Filters Filter, Cascadable, Adaptive Convolutional Encoder Codec Filter Library Filter Library Multi-Standard ADPCM Encoder/Decoder QPSK Equalizer Reed-Solomon Decoder Reed-Solomon Encoder Viterbi Decoder Convolutional Interleaver Complex Multiplier/Mixer Linear Feedback Shift Register Binary Pattern Correlator Digital Modulator Digital Receiver Early-Late-Gate Symbol Synchronizer Numerically Controlled Oscillator Viterbi Decoder (Dual Constraint Length) TC1000 Turbo Decoder Turbo Product Code
SOURCE
HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera HammerCores Altera Fluence Technology CAST Inc. Sciworx Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Amphion Semiconductor Ltd. Ktech Telecommunications, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. Nova Engineering, Inc. TurboConcept TurboConcept
PRODUCT FAMILY
APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10KA, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 10K, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX 6000, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, MAX®, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, MAX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury APEX, APEX FLEX, ACEX, Mercury
Altera Offices Altera Corporation Innovation Drive Jose, 95134 Telephone: (408) 544-7000 http://www.altera.com
Altera European Headquarters Holmers Farm High Wycombe Buckinghamshire HP12 United Kingdom Telephone: (44)
Altera Japan Ltd. Shinjuku i-Land Tower 5-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, 6-Chome Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1332 Japan Telephone: (81) 3340 9480 http://www.altera.com/japan
Altera International Ltd. 2102 Tower Gateway, Harbour City Canton Road, Tsimshatsui Kowloon Hong Kong Telephone: (852) 2945 7000
Copyright 2001 Altera Corporation. ACEX, Altera, AMPP, APEX, APEX FLEX, FLEX 10K, FLEX 6000, MegaStore, MAX, MAX+PLUS, MAX+PLUS Mercury, MegaCore, MegaWizard, OpenCore, Quartus, Quartus specific device designations trademarks and/or service marks Altera Corporation United States other countries. Other brands products trademarks their respective holders. specifications contained herein subject change without notice. rights reserved. M-GB-SIGNAL-01
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