Architecture World's First Seventh-Generation Processor: Deliveri

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Architecture World's First Seventh-Generation Processor: Deliveri

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World's First Seventh-Generation Processor: Delivering Ultimate Performance Cutting-Edge Software Applications
ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
Place Sunnyvale, 94088
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
Introduction: World's Most Powerful Microprocessor
Athlonprocessors members family seventh-generation processors designed meet computation-intensive requirements cutting-edge software applications running high-performance desktop systems, workstations, servers. With introduction Athlon processor with performance-enhancing cache memory, continues deliver superior solutions high-performance computing. Athlon processors world's most powerful processors, outperforming Intel's Pentium® processor delivering highest integer, floating point multimedia performance applications running system platforms.1 Athlon processors provide industry-leading processing power cutting-edge software applications, including digital content creation, digital photo editing, digital video, image compression, video encoding streaming over Internet, soft DVD, commercial modeling, workstation-class computer-aided design (CAD), commercial desktop publishing, speech recognition. They also offer scalability "peace-of-mind" reliability that managers business users require networked enterprise computing. Athlon processors feature industry's first seventh-generation microarchitecture, which designed support growing processor system bandwidth requirements emerging software, graphics, I/O, memory technologies. high-speed execution core includes multiple instruction decoders, dual-ported large 128KB split-L1 cache, large 256KB2 512KB cache, three independent integer pipelines, three address calculation pipelines, industry's first superscalar, fully pipelined, out-of-order, three-way floating point engine. Athlon processor's microarchitecture incorporates enhanced 3DNow!technology, high-performance cache architecture, 200MHz, 1.6-Gigabyte/sec system bus-the first kind system platforms. Based AlphaEV6 interface protocol licensed from Digital Equipment Corporation, Athlon processor system combines latest technological advances, such point-to-point topology, source synchronous packet-based transfers, low-voltage signaling, provide most powerful, scalable available processor. Athlon processors deliver superior system performance cost-effective, industry-standard form factors. Athlon processors compatible with motherboards based AMD's Socket form factor, which leverage commonly available chassis, power supply, thermal solutions. Additionally, Athlon processors
Athlon processor's industry-leading performance supported test results from variety integer, floating point, multimedia benchmarks. Visit www.amd.com latest benchmark data. Athlon processor Model includes on-die, full-speed, 16-way, 256KB cache.
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
manufactured AMD's robust 0.18-micron aluminum process technology Austin, Texas AMD's leading-edge HiP6L 0.18-micron process technology featuring copper interconnects newest facility, Dresden, Germany. approximately 37-million-transistor Athlon processor size 0.18-micron technology.
Table Processor Architecture/Technology Competitive Comparison Seventh Generation
Feature
Operations clock cycle Integer pipelines Floating point pipelines Full decoders cache size cache size System speed Peak bandwidth outstanding transactions Clock technology enhancement instructions Total instructions Single-precision SIMD operations clock Cache/prefetch controls Streaming controls DSP/comm extensions Multiprocessing support Max. system processors transistors
Intel Previous Generation
Pentium Processor
32KB Internal, 256KB 100MHz MB/s 1.06 GB/s processor Common clock Yes, shared Unlimited chipset) million
Athlon Processor
128KB Internal, 256KB 400+ GB/s+ processor Source synchronous (Clock forwarding) Enhanced 3DNow!technology Yes, point-to-point Unlimited chipset) million
Includes estimates Intel 0.18-micron Pentium processors.
Superior Seventh-Generation Athlon Processor Architecture
Athlon processors based seventh-generation microarchitecture that technologically superior previous sixth-generation architectures, such Pentium Pentium Xeon processors. (See Table Competitive Comparison, previous
Page Athlon Processor Architecture August 2000
page.) Athlon processors feature superpipelined, nine-issue superscalar microarchitecture optimized high clock frequency. Athlon processors have large dual-ported 128KB split-L1 cache (64KB instruction cache 64KB data cache); full-speed on-die 256KB cache; large multi-level, 512-entry Translation Look-aside Buffer (TLB); two-way, 2048-entry branch prediction table; multiple parallel instruction decoders; multiple integer floating point schedulers independent superscalar, out-of-order, speculative execution instructions. These elements packed into aggressive processing pipeline that includes 10-stage integer 15-stage floating point pipelines. innovative Athlon processor architecture implements instruction internally decoding instructions into fixed-length "Macro-Ops" higher instruction throughput increased processing power. Athlon processors contain nine execution pipelines-three address calculations, three integer calculations, three execution MMXinstructions, 3DNow! technology, floating point instructions.
Figure AthlonProcessor Architecture Block Diagram Athlon processors binary-compatible with existing software backward compatible with applications optimized 3DNow! instructions. Using data format single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) operations based instruction model, Athlon processors produce many four, 32-bit, single-precision floating-point results clock cycle. enhanced 3DNow! technology implemented Athlon processors include integer multimedia instructions
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
software-directed data movement instructions optimizing such applications digital content creation streaming video Internet, well instructions DSP/communications applications. Athlon Processor Microarchitecture Summary:
industry's first nine-issue, superpipelined, superscalar processor microarchitecture designed high clock frequencies Multiple instruction decoders Three out-of-order, superscalar, fully pipelined floating point execution units, which execute (floating point), 3DNow! instructions Three out-of-order, superscalar, pipelined integer units Three out-of-order, superscalar, pipelined address calculation units 72-entry instruction control unit Advanced dynamic branch prediction
Enhanced 3DNow! technology with instructions enable improved integer math calculations speech video encoding improved data movement Internet plug-ins other streaming applications 200MHz Athlon processor system (scalable beyond MHz) enabling leading-edge system bandwidth data movement-intensive applications High-performance cache architecture featuring large split 128KB cache, highspeed cache 256KB (full-speed, on-chip) dedicated snoop tags, large multilevel, 512-entry Translation Look-aside Buffer
High-Performance Cache Design
Athlon processor's high-performance cache architecture includes integrated dual-ported 128KB split-L1 cache with separate snoop port; integrated fullspeed, 16-way set-associative, 256KB cache using 72-bit (64-bit data 8-bit ECC) interface; multi-level split 512-entry Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB). Athlon processor's large integrated full-speed cache comprised separate 64KB, two-way set-associative data instruction caches which four times larger than Pentium processor's cache (128KB 32KB). featuring larger cache, applications running Athlon processors perform significantly faster since more instruction data information local processor. data cache also eight banks provide maximum parallelism running multiple applications. supports concurrent accesses 64-bit loads stores. instruction cache contains predecode data assist multiple, high-performance instruction decoders. Both instruction data caches dual-ported contain dedicated snoop ports eliminate system
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
coherency traffic, common systems with many devices, from interfering with application performance. Athlon processor with performance enhancing cache memory includes integrated, full-speed, 16-way set-associative, 256KB cache. Previous Athlon processors contain controller which operates maximum frequency compatible with latest industry-standard SRAMs. integrating cache onto processor, cache always operates same frequency processor, thereby minimizing delays incurred waiting external data from slower bus. newer Athlon processor's cache 16-way set-associative, twice that cache Intel Pentium processor (16-way 8-way). Higher associativity dramatically improves application performance since more local application data resides high-speed cache memory instead system memory. Finally, integrated cache tags improves performance quickly indicating whether critical application data located within cache. Having integrated tags especially important processors which utilize external SRAMs cache. application data determined reside cache early enough, then processor immediately request this data from slower system memory, instead checking this data external cache first, then, having request this data from system memory. robust multi-level, 512-entry, split cache significantly improves performance systems configured with large physical memory storage, typically found server environments, caching important translation information used operating systems application software that access large physical memory storage. Thus, cache architecture Athlon processor enables high instruction-execution rates minimizing effective memory latency system snoop responses, provides large spatial locality data transaction-based applications multiprocessing operating systems. architecture also supports high-bandwidth data transfers from execution resources, contributes significant performance gains extremely fast operation data-intensive software programs. Athlon processor's cache architecture first incorporate systembased MOESI (Modify, Owner, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid) cache control protocol multiprocessing platforms. Since system logic manages memory coherency throughout system specifying cache state transitions, either using MESI MOESI cache coherency protocol, filtering unnecessary processor snoops, Athlon processors designed deliver exceptional performance both uniprocessor multiprocessor system configurations. Athlon processor cache architecture also supports error correction code (ECC) protection, which required feature high reliability business desktop systems, workstations, servers. Thus, Athlon
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
processor's cache architecture provides features required high-performance computing from desktop server configurations.
Industry's First 200-MHz System Platforms
200MHz Athlon processor system bus-the fastest front-side implementation platforms-leverages high-performance Alpha system interface technology significantly boost system performance provide ample headroom today's tomorrow's applications. licensing Alpha interface from Digital Equipment Corp., answered industry challenge deliver reliable, high-speed system interface that offers unprecedented performance platforms without sacrificing legacy compatibility. flexible Athlon processor system provides advanced features, such source synchronous clocking high-speed operation, point-to-point topology peak data bandwidth independent number processors, packet-based transfers maximum transaction pipelining, large 64-byte burst data transfers, protection data instructions, low-voltage swing signaling low-cost motherboard implementations, ability address more than terabytes physical memory. 200MHz system implemented Athlon processor capable delivering peak data transfer rate Gbytes/sec-compared only 1.06 Gbytes/sec today's Intel's bus. AMD's 200MHz system also provides 64-byte burst transfers, while Intel supports only 32-byte transfers. With source synchronous clocking capability, Athlon processor's front-side scalable operate beyond MHz. Intel uses common clock, which limited operating frequency transport delay limits. With source synchronous clocking, sender data also sends clock that transport delay negligible. AMD's advanced system technology, along with Socket infrastructure, enables costeffective scalable system superior that Slot 1/Slot 2-based systems. (See "AMD Athlon Processor System Bus" white paper more details.)
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
Table 200-MHz AthlonProcessor System Advantages Seventh Generation
Feature
Number pins operating frequency Data width Data integrity Clock technology Peak bandwidth Multiprocessing Max. system processors Dedicated snoop channel Cache Control Policy Outstanding transactions Machine check architecture Physical memory support Burst transaction size
Intel Previous Generation
Pentium Processor
bits 8-bit Common 533MB/s 1.06 GB/s Yes, shared Unlimited chipset) MESI processor byte
Athlon Processor
bits 8-bit Source synchronous GB/s+ Yes, point-to-point Unlimited chipset) MOESI MESI processor byte
*The size supported physical memory depends specific processor chipset implementation.
Athlon processor system offers significant advantage multiprocessor systems: high-frequency point-to-point bus, with conflicting traffic, rather than shared used architecture (see Table Other advanced system features that enable Athlon processor system deliver superior multiprocessor performance include dedicated snoop port reduce snoop traffic interruptions, large 64-byte cache line transfers (twice size Slot Slot designs), MOESI cache control protocol, 8-bit error data integrity. combining AMD's system high-performance cache design, Athlon processor manage transaction-based applications with ease enable superior data throughput dataintensive applications, such video servers transaction-based systems. Ultimately, Athlon processor system gives system designers flexibility design broad range reliable, powerful system platforms, from highend desktop systems uniprocessor multiprocessor workstations enterprise servers. When powered Athlon processor, these platforms will able take advantage high-bandwidth peripherals, such digital video, cable modems, ADSL, IEEE-1394, Gigabit Ethernet, without limiting system performance.
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
Leading-Edge Floating Point Multimedia Technology
Athlon processor offers most powerful, architecturally advanced floating point engine ever delivered microprocessor. Athlon processor's threeissue, superscalar floating point capability based three pipelined, out-of-order floating point execution units, each with 1-cycle throughput. Athlon processor's floating point engine offers twice peak floating point computation rate three times peak floating point instruction rate Pentium processor, performance rivals that many RISC processors used workstations servers. (For more details, "AMD Athlon Processor Floating Point Capability" white paper. three execution units (Fmul, Fadd, Fstore) Athlon processor's floating point pipeline handle (floating point) instructions, instructions, enhanced 3DNow! instructions. Using data format single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) operations based instruction model, Athlon processor deliver many four 32-bit, single-precision floating point results clock cycle. Athlon processor includes enhanced version 3DNow! technology designed take multimedia performance heights. enhanced 3DNow! technology implemented Athlon processor includes AMD's original 3DNow! instructions (the industry's first instruction superscalar SIMD floating point techniques accelerate performance), well following additional instructions: instructions that improve multimedia-enhanced integer math calculations used such applications speech recognition video processing
instructions that accelerate data movement more detailed graphics functionality Internet browser plug-ins other streaming applications, enabling richer Internet experience instructions that enhance performance communications applications, including soft modems, soft ADSL, MP3, Dolby Digital surround sound processing. This functionality unique Athlon processor supported Intel's Pentium processor.
enhancing 3DNow! technology, kept instruction design simple, powerful. AMD's goal designing additional 3DNow! instructions provide powerful SIMD performance while enabling ease implementation software developers. relatively instructions enhanced 3DNow! technology allow developers adopt this technology optimize their applications quickly. (See "Enhanced 3DNow! Technology Athlon Processor" white paper more details.)
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
Athlon processor's superscalar floating point engine significantly boost performance FP-intensive applications desktop systems workstations. Applications that have been optimized enhanced 3DNow! technology will even faster Athlon processor-based platforms. Performance benefits include higher resolution same frame rates higher frame rates digital video action games, higher-quality digital video, more realistic sound, richer experience. Examples applications that stand benefit from leading-edge floating point multimedia processing capabilities Athlon processor include: Advanced imaging software processing digital imaging Enhanced Internet browsing using next-generation browser features Architectural rendering systems CAD/CAE software packages Near real-time MPEG-2 video encoding/editing higher quality video Speech recognition browsing word processing Financial modeling trading software Realistic software, including games flight simulators.
Socket Infrastructure Support
Athlon processor designed enable high-performance computing solutions desktop, workstation, server configurations. Socket infrastructure designed Athlon processor based optimized, high-performance platforms. result, systems built using Athlon processor common system-level mechanical components, well system assembly techniques. Athlon processor-based systems also available cases, heatsinks, fans, other basic system components. development partners delivering full line optimized infrastructure products (chipsets, motherboards, drivers, BIOS) that support Athlon processor. provide initial infrastructure Athlon processor-based platforms, developed AMD-750chipset, complete system logic solution featuring system peripheral controllers designed deliver enhanced performance Athlon processor. Major third-party chipset suppliers, including Technologies, Acer Laboratories Inc. (ALi), delivering high-performance chipsets optimized Athlon processors. Optimized BIOS support Athlon processors available leading thirdparty suppliers, including American Megatrends, Inc., Award Software International, Phoenix Technologies. major motherboard vendors provide production availability high-quality, high-performance motherboards. With AMD's release Athlon
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processor reference logic board design chipset infrastructure partners, stage high-volume, cost-effective production Socket infrastructure based 200MHz Athlon processor system bus.
Summary: Powering Next Generation Computing Platforms
Athlon processors latest microarchitecture innovations system technology deliver industry's highest performance x86-compatible platforms. Current Athlon processor-based systems include high-end desktop products uniprocessor workstations servers. Future Athlon processor-based systems planned include scalable, high-performance multiprocessing workstation server platforms. size multiprocessing system determined chipset architecture designed match platform's computation needs. Forthcoming optimized chipsets planned enable multiprocessing system designs based more Athlon family processors. Athlon processors compatible with versions Microsoft® Windows®, including Windows Windows Windows 2000, well other leading operating systems, such Unix, Linux, OS/2 Warp, Novell NetWare. processors also compatible with existing installed base more than 60,000 software packages. addition, numerous existing forthcoming software packages either currently optimized planned optimized enhanced 3DNow! technology other architectural features implemented Athlon processors. High-performance Athlon processor platforms provide level performance data movement capabilities next generation computationintensive software growing fields digital imaging, Internet, enterprise computing, CAD/CAE packages, scientific/technical applications, gaming.
Overview
(NYSE: AMD) global supplier integrated circuits personal networked computer communications markets. produces microprocessors, flash memories, integrated circuits telecommunications networking applications. world's second-leading supplier Windows compatible processors, shipped more than million microprocessors, including more than million Windows compatible CPUs. Founded 1969 based Sunnyvale, California, sales marketing offices worldwide manufacturing facilities Sunnyvale; Austin, Texas; Dresden, Germany; Bangkok, Thailand; Penang, Malaysia; Singapore; Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan. revenues $2.9 billion 1999.
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000
Cautionary Statement
This White Paper contains forward-looking statements, which made pursuant safe harbor provisions Private Securities Litigation Reform 1995. Forward-looking statements generally preceded words such "expects," "plans," "believes," "anticipates," "intends." Investors cautioned that forward-looking statements this white paper involve risks uncertainties that could cause actual results differ materially from current expectations. Forward-looking statements this white paper about Athlon processor involve risk that will able produce processor volume required customers timely basis; that successful developing infrastructure support processor; that third parties provide infrastructure solutions support processor; that processor will achieve customer market acceptance; that software applications will optimized with processor. urge investors review detail risk uncertainties company's Securities Exchange Commission filings, including most recently filed Form-10K.
AMD, logo, Athlon combinations thereof, 3DNow! AMD-750 trademarks, AMD-K6 registered trademark Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, Windows registered trademarks Microsoft Corporation. trademark, Pentium registered trademark Intel Corporation. Alpha trademark Digital Equipment Corp. Other product names used this publication identification purposes only trademarks their respective companies.
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Athlon Processor Architecture
August 2000

Architecture World's First Seventh-Generation Processor: Deliveri

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