Watt High Fidelity Audio Amplifiers Utilizing Wideband Feedback Design

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Watt High Fidelity Audio Amplifiers Utilizing Wideband Feedback Design
Prepared Andrew Hefley Audio Engineering Consultant
AN1308
INTRODUCTION
Over past decades many types solid state, high fidelity audio amplifier design approaches have been tried. Many these designs have used large amounts negative feedback ensure closed-loop harmonic distortion. main contributors this type distortion output devices. Other contributors this harmonic distortion drivers, devices preceding output devices high voltage gain stage, also referred transconductance stage. side effect high open-loop gain that wide bandwidth very difficult achieve with gain stages, therefore most these high gain designs have open-loop bandwidth less than kilohertz. This means there need even more than necessary gain mid-band (referring audio band) distortion number closed-loop condition. audio band defined with mid-point from kHz. found that large amounts negative feedback increased (transient intermodulation distortion). approach dealing with this problem amplifiers lower open-loop voltage gain sections increase open-loop bandwidth kHz. loss feedback (and increased closed-loop distortion) inspired different solutions output section well voltage gain section. approach change distortion specification; however, this produce optimal results. better solution multiple output devices keep current excursion each device, stay within linear range gain. This been popular approach with some manufacturers; however, more costly solution. Other approaches high feedback, linearized, unity gain output stages. This done with either bipolar devices with power MOSFETs. This note focuses pair complementary Motorola bipolar power output transistors,
2SC3281 2SA1302. These devices have better linearity than devices previously targeted this type application. amplifier circuits presented topology that fully complementary design with dual differential input. Other parameters sought after wide open-loop bandwidth, (greater than audio band) minimal amount negative feedback, less).
BASIC AMPLIFIER DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
conservative design approach taken with effort made keep circuitry design simple. purpose this note show that feedback design with wide bandwidth yield quite distortion without special distortion cancelling circuitry localized feedback loops. Design Description Watt Amplifier block diagram watt amplifier shown Figure This design begins with MPS8099 MPS8599 complementary pair input stage. These devices rated volts, giving them adequate margin nominal volt supply. These devices arranged dual differentials. simplicity, current sources used. volt zener with resistors supplies approximately 2.25 current each pair. This scheme supplies enough current achieve bandwidth necessary first stage while keeping bias currents enough acceptable amount input voltage offset error. attempt eliminate coupling capacitor feedback loop, offset important when trying couple feedback. input impedance amplifier primarily determined 33.2K resistor used input return path ground. That, coupled with coupling capacitor, sets corner frequency approximately
MOTOROLA INC., 1992
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Figure Watt High Fidelity Audio Amplifier
Figure Watt High Fidelity Audio Amplifier
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TRANSCONDUCTANCE STAGE
PROTECTION OUTPUT STAGE
INPUT INPUT STAGE
FEEDBACK OUTPUT
OUTPUT STAGE PROTECTION
TRANSCONDUCTANCE STAGE
Figure Block Diagram Watt Amplifier
second stage voltage gain, sometimes referred transconductance stage, made darlington pair. input devices darlington pairs MPSW06 MPSW56 respectively. Both these devices also rated volts. These devices operated common collector mode with their collectors grounded minimize Miller effect. Idling current approximately with emitter resistors which turn idling currents 2SC3298B 2SA1306B. Because idling currents approximately watts each these devices, small heat sink required keep case temperatures down. 2SC3298B 2SA1306B devices rated volts which more than adequate handle nominal voltage swings volts this stage amplifier. transconductance stage loaded both output stage pair 2.7K resistors. These resistors voltage gain this stage. Looking input stage second stage respectively, their gains approximately
18.5 input stage second stage thus giving overall gain about 52.5 Compensation networks used outputs both stages provide good gain phase margin closed-loop condition. closed-loop gain approximately volt sensitivity giving amplifier closed-loop gain 27.8 output stage complementary darlington configuration. This stage utilizes three 2SC3281 devices three 2SA1302 devices connected parallel. These driven complementary pair consisting MJF15030 MJF15031. output devices rated amps volts with power dissipation ratings watts. drivers amp, volt transistors with power dissipation ratings watts. voltage ratings adequate handle volt nominal supply voltage. drivers output devices have excellent gain linearity which helps minimize amount feedback needed achieve distortion number.
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MPS650 MPS750 devices used current limit protection. Both devices rated amps giving them excellent saturation gain characteristics discussion current limiters choice number output devices used discussed Output Transistors section. Design Description Watt Amplifier block diagram watt amplifier shown Figure design watt gain stages very similar watt amplifier with minor exceptions. higher power supply voltages, cascode configuration used input stage. level shifter portion cascode tied volt zener supplies which used input current resistors. additional change paralleled pre-drivers, transconductance stage transistors. This accommodates increased
current needed bring dual 2.7K load increased base current requirement output stage higher supply voltage. benefit small increase voltage slew rate. extra device also increases open-loop gain approximately This turn helps closed-loop distortion that increased because increase closed-loop gain. This done keep sensitivity amplifier full power volt. Another change cascode (series output stage). effectively doubling number output devices without increasing voltage seen operation, second breakdown will concern. outside, slave devices, driven series resistive divider network tied output amplifier. This divider network forces string output devices share voltage power delivered load.
TRANSCONDUCTANCE STAGE
SLAVE PROTECTION OUTPUT STAGE
INPUT INPUT STAGE
FEEDBACK OUTPUT
OUTPUT STAGE PROTECTION
SLAVE
TRANSCONDUCTANCE STAGE
Figure Block Diagram Watt Amplifier
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POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
There number formulas philosophies pertaining selection size power transformer supply filters audio amplifier. selection these components affects supply regulation amount ripple amplifier will under varying load conditions. specification that come into widespread over past decade concept called dynamic headroom. Dynamic headroom measure difference power amplifier deliver continuously power deliver dynamically defined Federal Trade Commission. measured range from amplifier operating full class mode class type amplifier with poor supply regulation. Over years designers have found that they prefer lower dynamic headroom, which make certain "rules thumb" work well provides acceptable performance. transformer selection, take expected full power performance watts, example, watts watt amplifier, double This could considered worst case load power supply even though under typical operating conditions this level output will never seen. doubling power rating, (Volt-Ampere) rating becomes rating transformer selected. ratings typically based temperature rise 65°C, which equates regulation approximately resistive load equal rating transformer. This does equate regulation performance amplifier application. supply voltages derived rectified diodes that charge supply filters these only occur during voltage peaks sine wave input. transformers were chosen watt watt amplifiers respectively. avoid cost custom transformers, standard off-the-shelf toroidal transformers were chosen. These transformers were then modified. achieve exact voltage required designs, several extra turns were added secondary winding (see Figures 34). Cost becomes issue choosing amount filtering needed. practice, amount filtering looked terms stored energy, joules. Typically joules stored energy watts output power sufficient. watt amplifier, maximum output power watts ohms. This equates joules stored energy. power supply watt amplifier pair 10,000 filter capacitors with volts across each capacitor. Using formula 1/2CV2, this equates
joules stored energy. watt amplifier maximum output power ohms. Based previous discussion, joules stored energy required. power supply watt amplifier contains four 4,700 filter capacitors with volts across each capacitor. This equates joules stored energy.
OUTPUT TRANSISTORS
There number considerations addressed when selecting output transistors high fidelity audio amplifier design. considerations complementary pair type device packaging, i.e., plastic metal. Newer designs using plastic packages their simplicity mounting thermal performance equalling older metal packages such TO-204 (TO-3). Other areas design importance include breakdown voltage, power dissipation, safe operating area (SOA), current gain linearity, present, there limited number complementary devices rated volts plastic packages. Additionally, very these devices have good current gain linearity beyond amp. Most these devices have second breakdown points that usually fall between volts. They classified watt transistors, operate efficiently only volts; then their power handling capability drops rapidly. output devices that were selected 2SC3281 2SA1302 transistors. These complementary devices rated volts, amps, have power dissipation ratings watts. They packaged TO-3PBL package, high power plastic package with isolated mounting hole excellent thermal characteristics. thermal resistance junction-to-case this package less than 0.83°C watt with maximum junction temperature, equal 150°C. current gain adequate beyond amps collector current, greater than second breakdown point greater than volts. With these specifications these devices ideal under type load conditions voltages expected seen distortion wideband linear amplifier designs. Operating characteristics these devices shown Figures through Setting Current Limits Setting current limits output stage audio amplifier easy task. Calculation used find starting point, however actual results must determined through experimentation. There limitations consider when dealing with power handling
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OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OUTPUT DEVICES
2SA1302
1000 CURRENT GAIN 100°C 25°C 25°C COMMON EMITTER CURRENT GAIN 1000
2SC3281
COMMON EMITTER 100°C
25°C 25°C
0.03
0.03
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
Figure Current Gain
Figure Current Gain
TRANSITION FREQUENCY (MHz) TRANSITION FREQUENCY (MHz) COMMON EMITTER 25°C
COMMON EMITTER 25°C
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
Figure Current-Gain Bandwidth Product
Figure Current-Gain Bandwidth Product
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
(CONTINUOUS) OPERATION 25°C *SINGLE NONREPETITIVE *PULSE 25°C CURVES MUST DERATED LINEARLY WITH INCREASE TEMPERATURE
COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
(PULSED)*
(PULSED)* (CONTINUOUS) OPERATION 25°C *SINGLE NONREPETITIVE *PULSE 25°C CURVES MUST DERATED LINEARLY WITH INCREASE TEMPERATURE
VCEO 1000
VCEO 1000
VCE, COLLECTOR-EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
VCE, COLLECTOR-EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure Active Region Safe Operating Area
Figure Active Region Safe Operating Area
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r(t), EFFECTIVE TRANSIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE (NORMALIZED)
0.07 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01
0.05 0.02 0.01 SINGLE PULSE 0.02 0.03 0.05 1000 P(pk) DUTY CYCLE, RJC(t) r(t) 0.83°C CURVES APPLY POWER PULSE TRAIN SHOWN READ TIME TJ(pk) P(pk) RJC(t)
TIME (ms)
Figure Thermal Response Output Devices
ability transistor: average junction temperature second breakdown. class output stage, output devices really duty cycle situation. bias current needs added calculated current that load present device. higher frequencies peak power considerably higher than average power. frequencies duration that side output stage endure during load condition several hundred milliseconds, which nearly constitutes condition. examining thermal response curve output devices Figure actual value frequency condition determined multiplying specified value r(t) 0.9. With this information, there three more parameters that connect transistor junction surroundings thermal resistance from transistor junction case transistor, thermal resistance mounting interface, thermal resistance heat sink air. Figure shows load conditions entire output stage watt amplifier. load line ohm, degree load indicates need amps collector current dropping amps collector current when collector voltage drops volts. Figure also shows peak currents lower resistive load conditions. Most loudspeakers present load impedance less than ohms; however, most don't present reactive load less than ohms. shown Figure reactive load handled easily resistive loads ohms present problem. constant power curve shown watts drawn along line where current limits were this amplifier. this power shared between devices, they will each required dissipate watts point where power will limited current limiters. limiting power linearly from watts 25°C 150°C, case temperature rise approximately 60°C. This determined from Figure power derating curve. allowing case temperature rise this limit, power output will have limited watts,
112.5 watts. With this number information known about thermal response device, allow peak power dissipated each transistor reach watts. This means that under operating conditions where temperature less than 60°C, output devices will operating safely. Examining safe operating area curves Figures seen that above volts, power output devices dissipate, begins drop. Using volts reference, power dissipation dropped from watts volts about volts, watts. power derating curve (Figure shows reduction power dissipation temperature increased with derating factor dropping even lower second breakdown derating. 60°C point this curve 85%, watts. This implies that output devices only safe total power dissipation watts when operating three devices full supply voltage watt amplifier. This where current limiters fully protect output devices. shown load line plots Figures protection provided current limiters allows power reach watts volts. fully reactive load degrees will never seen loudspeaker current limits need experimentation. Figures show photos current limit, protection circuit tested into capacitor. Although Figures show that output devices capable more than their published specifications, recommended that exceed published limits shown manufacturer's data sheets interests achieving long term reliability. Measurements protection circuit shown Figures show actual current limit points amplifiers when driving large capacitive loads frequency approximately measured, limits about higher than needed load conditions outlined. type current limiters used begins limit current slightly lower than their final value causing substantial distortion form compression before final limit value reached.
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CURRENT OUTPUT TRANSISTORS (AMPS)
CURRENT LIMIT WATT CONSTANT POWER CURVE
LOAD LINE
RESISTIVE RESISTIVE CURRENT LIMITATION POWER SUPPLY LIMITATION RESISTIVE
VOLTAGE ACROSS OUTPUT TRANSISTORS (VOLTS)
Figure Load Lines Watt Amplifier
CURRENT OUTPUT TRANSISTORS (AMPS)
CURRENT LIMIT WATT CONSTANT POWER CURVE
LOAD LINE
RESISTIVE RESISTIVE CURRENT LIMITATION RESISTIVE
VOLTAGE ACROSS OUTPUT TRANSISTORS (VOLTS)
Figure Load Lines Watt Amplifier
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POWER DERATING FACTOR SECOND BREAKDOWN DERATING
THERMAL DERATING
Figure Output Current Limit Watt Amplifier
CASE TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure Power Derating Factor Output Devices
Series Connected Output Devices discussed previously, second breakdown transistor severely limit power dissipation capability that device. When supply voltages amplifier greater than volts, output devices pushing their limits. configuring output devices series-parallel configuration obtain increase output power from devices rather than configuring them parallel. load lines watt amplifier indicate constant power curve watts, which twice that watt amplifier. There twice number output devices connected series-parallel configuration resulting same watt criteria each watt amplifier. Since these devices more than volts each operation, second breakdown concern. Although devices operated series connected output stage, operation similar bridge configuration impedance performance diminished. This amplifier does current limit when driving load where watt amplifier does not.
Figure Output Current Limit Watt Amplifier between devices heatsink. This allows optimum heat transfer (less than 0.1°C inch extrusions watt amplifier gives output stage ability dissipate about watts while keeping temperature rise less than above room temperature 25°C). This based 1.8°C rise inch piece making inch piece about 0.77°C Tests have shown that with watt amplifier running full power, heatsinks stayed below 60°C. Operation with flowing across heatsinks will give improved performance over convection numbers published heatsink manufacturer. addition blowing across heatsinks will allow amplifier operate load continuously.
HEATSINK REQUIREMENTS
Choosing right heatsink very important. Regardless requirements size, shape, form factor cosmetics, bottom line heat transfer terms degrees centigrade watt (°C/W). heatsink chosen these amplifiers standard aluminum extrusion made AHAM INC., model #6071 shown Figure tree shaped extrusion weighing pounds foot. surface area 31.7 square inches linear inch convection heat transfer rating 1.8°C inch piece. design this heatsink lends itself well configuration used mounting output driver devices. using board clamp devices heatsink, mounting hardware eliminated. Another advantage having heatsinks board mounted that output transistors need electrically isolated from their mounting. This allows nothing thermal compound
EVALUATION BOARD DESCRIPTIONS
Watt Amplifier watt amplifier constructed double-sided 0.062 glass epoxy printed circuit board measuring inches inches. components included board with exception power transformer bridge rectifier. Grounding done with star method; each point circuit that connected ground trace running input connection. This helps reduce ground loops give optimum noise performance. power supply center connected close center between supply filter capacitors physically possible.
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This keeps power supply ripple balanced possible. input devices transconductance stages grouped close physically possible board. This helps reduce parasitics. Table shows actual measured performance watt amplifier. Plots measurements shown Figures through stability this amplifier measured output amplifier room temperature. measurements were made room temperature. this parameter critical, servo loop could added reduce output offset. schematics power supply amplifier shown Figures components used construction this amplifier listed Table
Watt Amplifier watt amplifier also constructed double sided 0.062 glass epoxy printed circuit board measuring 13.5 inches inches. Other than addition additional output devices additional heatsinks, this board identical watt amplifier. Table shows actual measured performance watt amplifier. Plots measurements shown Figures through schematics power supply amplifier shown Figures components used construction this amplifier listed Table
2.490 63.246
2.400 60.960 .130 3.302
6071
T.R. H.D.S. 2.22 LB/1 1.8°C 31.7
1.250 31.750 2.360 59.944 2.625 66.675
.100 2.540 .255 DIA. 6.477
INCHES
Figure Heatsink Profile
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Table Specifications Watt Amplifier
Parameter Output Power into load Output Power into load Power bandwidth ohms Total Harmonic Distortion Noise ohms Total Harmonic Distortion Noise ohms Voltage Slew Rate output offset voltage Rise time Input Impedance Input Sensitivity rated output Input Sensitivity watt ohms Output Impedance Damping Factor Output Noise weighted Output Noise weighted Signal Noise weighted Signal Noise weighted Short Circuit current Peak output current Open-loop bandwidth Open-loop voltage gain Closed-loop voltage gain Performance watts watts kHz* .03% .05% 1.18 volts milliohms 52.5 27.8 Referred ohms Input shunted with ohms Input shunted with ohms Referred watt ohms 2.83 volts Referred watts ohms 28.3 volts Peak Resistive load load, source impedance ohms, (small signal, inside output termination network) load (small signal) load 25°C full scale output voltage with load watts ohms 28.3 volts Source impedance ohms kHz, watt watts kHz, watt watts Notes
*Output power above must limited duty cycle prevent over stressing output termination network.
Table Specifications Watt Amplifier
Parameter Output Power into load Output Power into load Power bandwidth ohms Total Harmonic Distortion Noise ohms Total Harmonic Distortion Noise ohms Voltage Slew Rate output offset voltage Rise time Input Impedance Input Sensitivity rated output Input Sensitivity watt ohms Output Impedance Damping Factor Output Noise weighted Output Noise weighted Signal Noise weighted Signal Noise weighted Short Circuit current Peak output current Open-loop bandwidth Open-loop voltage gain Closed-loop voltage gain Performance watts watts kHz* .04% .09% 1.07 volts 0.076 milliohms 56.7 31.3 Referred ohms Input shunted with ohms Input shunted with ohms Referred watt ohms 2.83 volts Referred watts ohms volts Peak Resistive load load, source impedance ohms, (small signal, inside output termination network) load (small signal) load 25°C full scale output voltage with load watts ohms volts Source impedance ohms kHz, watt watts kHz, watt watts Notes
*Output power above must limited duty cycle prevent over stressing output termination network.
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WATT AMPLIFIER MEASUREMENTS
1.78
V/div
Figure Square Wave Rise Time Full Scale
Figure Square Wave Full Power
V/div
T/div
Figure Square Wave Full Power
Figure kHz, Full Power, Harmonic Distortion 0.018%
T/div
T/div
Figure kHz, Full Power, Harmonic Distortion 0.028%
Figure Full Power, Harmonic Distortion= 0.016%
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T/div
Figure kHz, Watt, Harmonic Distortion 0.014%
TERMINAL STRIP
THERMAL BREAKER 60°C
Notes: Bifilar turns magnet wire added secondary transformer Notes: increase voltage needed obtain required voltage.
Figure Watt Amplifier Power Supply Schematic
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2.21 22.1 1000 2SA1306B MPSW56 1N4148 10,000 MPS650 1N5252B MJF15030 330P 330P 1N4148 MPSW06 10.0 MPSA06 22.1 MJF15031 2SA1302 2SA1302 2SA1302 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 SPEAKER 2SC3281 2SC3281 2SC3281 330P 33.2 MPS8099 MPS8599 330P 1000 MPS8099 MPS8599 27.4 1N4148 INPUT 1N5252B 2SC3298B 1N4148 MPS750 2.21 22.1 -52V 10,000
Figure Watt Amplifier Schematic
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WATT AMPLIFIER MEASUREMENTS
1.90
T/div
V/div
Figure Square Wave Rise Time Full Scale
Figure Square Wave Full Power
V/div
T/div
Figure Square Wave Full Power
Figure Full Power Harmonic Distortion 0.019%
T/div
T/div
Figure Full Power Harmonic Distortion 0.037%
Figure Full Power Harmonic Distortion 0.023%
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T/div
Figure kHz, Watt, Harmonic Distortion 0.026%
TERMINAL STRIP
THERMAL BREAKER 60°C
Notes: Bifilar turns magnet wire added secondary transformer Notes: increase voltage needed obtain required voltage.
Figure Watt Amplifier Power Supply Schematic
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2.21 11.5 1N4752A MPSW56 22.1 2SA1306B 22.1 2SA1306B 1N4148 -81V MJF15030 MPS650 MJF15030 1N4148 MPS8099 MPS8599 MPS8099 MPS8599 39.2 22.1 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 2SC3281 2SC3281 2SC3281 0.47 0.47 0.47 4700 4700 2SC3281 2SC3281 2SC3281 MPS8099 33.2 INPUT 2SA1302 10.0 SPEAKER MPSA06 MJF15031 +81V MPS750 MJF15031 2SA1302 2SA1302 2SA1302 0.47 0.47 0.47 4700 4700 2SA1302 2SA1302 1N4752A 11.5 2.21 MPSW06 2SC3298B 22.1 1N4148 MPS8599 1N4148 2SC3298B 22.1
Figure Watt Amplifier Schematic
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Table Electrical Parts List Watt High Fidelity Amplifier Board
Designators C10, C15, C90, Q20, Q24, R11, R15, R17, R25, R27, R30, R33, R48, Description General Purpose Bridge Rectifier 1000 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor Leakage, Less than Polypropolyne Capacitor Mica Capacitor Ceramic Capacitor 10,000 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor (35.5 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor Mica Capacitor Mica Capacitor Signal Diode turns airwound wire, 1.625 diameter Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Resistor 2.21 Resistor Resistor Resistor 22.1 Resistor metal oxide Resistor carbon film Resistor 33.2 Resistor Resistor carbon film Resistor carbon film Resistor 27.4 Resistor Resistor metal oxide Resistor metal oxide Resistor Resistor Resistor 20%, Trim Potentiometer 20%, Trim Potentiometer metal oxide Resistor carbon film Resistor watt watt watt watt Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic EVM-QOGA01B15 EVM-QOGA01B12 ERG-3SJ150 watt watt Panasonic Panasonic ERG-3SJ272 ERG-2SJ332 watt Panasonic ERG-3SJ222 volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola MPS8099 MPS8599 MPSW56 MPSW06 2SA1306B 2SC3298B MPS750 MPS650 MJF15030 2SC3281 MJF15031 2SA1302 MPSA06 volt volt volt volt 1N4148 Panasonic Panasonic S1JU103Z ECE-A1AGE101 volt volt volt Rating Manufacturer General Instruments Panasonic Panasonic Part Number KBPC35-02 ECE-A1JGE102 ECE-A50Z470
Note: resistors watt with tolerance unless otherwise noted. Note: capacitors volt with tolerance unless otherwise noted.
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Table Electrical Parts List Watt High Fidelity Amplifier Board (continued)
Designators R60, R72, R90, R94, Fuse Breaker Heatsinks, Output Heatsinks, pre-drivers Description 0.47 non-inductive Resistor metal oxide Resistor metal oxide Resistor 20%, Trim Potentiometer carbon film Resistor Resistor toroidal power transformer volt, Zener Diode slo-blo volt 60°C thermal breaker Aluminum Extrusion, inches long Aluminum Extrusion, inches long socket plated Elmwood Sensors Aham Inc. Aham Inc. #6071 #4405 watt Toroid Corp. Motorola 636.332 1N5252B Rating watt watt watt watt watt Manufacturer Allen Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic ERG-3SJ47R ERG-3SJ100 EVM-QOGA01B52 Part Number
Note: resistors watt with tolerance unless otherwise noted. Note: capacitors volt with tolerance unless otherwise noted.
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Table Electrical Parts List Watt High Fidelity Amplifier Board
Designators C15, C90, Q15, Q16, Q23, Q24, R11, R15, R17, R25, R27, R30, R33, R35, Description General Purpose Bridge Rectifier 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor Leakage, Less than Polypropolyne Capacitor Mica Capacitor Ceramic Capacitor 4,700 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor 35.5 20%, Electrolytic Capacitor Mica Capacitor Mica Capacitor Signal Diode turns airwound wire, 1.625 diameter Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Transistor Resistor 2.21 Resistor 11.5 Resistor Resistor 22.1 Resistor metal oxide Resistor carbon film Resistor 33.2 Resistor Resistor carbon film Resistor carbon film Resistor 39.2 Resistor Resistor metal oxide Resistor metal oxide Resistor Resistor Resistor 20%, Trim Potentiometer 20%, Trim Potentiometer metal oxide Resistor non-inductive Resistor watt watt watt watt Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic EVM-QOGA01B15 EVM-QOGA01B12 ERG-3SJ150 watt watt Panasonic Panasonic ERG-3SJ272 ERG-2SJ392 watt Panasonic ERG-3SJ432 volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola Motorola MPS8099 MPS8599 MPSW56 MPSW06 2SA1306B 2SC3298B MPS750 MPS650 MJF15030 2SC3281 MJF15031 2SA1302 MPSA06 volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt volt 1N4148 Panasonic Panasonic S1JU472Z ECE-A1AGE101 Rating Manufacturer General Instruments Panasonic Panasonic Part Number KBPC35-02 ECE-A1JGE470 ECE-A50Z470
Note: resistors watt with tolerance unless otherwise noted. Note: capacitors volt with tolerance unless otherwise noted.
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Table Electrical Parts List Watt High Fidelity Amplifier Board (continued)
Designators R37, R45, R57, R72, R74, R90, R94, Fuse Breaker Heatsinks, Output Heatsinks, pre-drivers Description Resistor carbon film Resistor 0.47 non-inductive Resistor metal oxide Resistor metal oxide Resistor 20%, Trim Potentiometer Resistor ,5%, carbon film Resistor Resistor toroidal power transformer volt, Zener Diode slo-blo volt 60°C thermal breaker Aluminum Extrusion, inches long Aluminum Extrusion, inches long socket plated Elmwood Sensors Aham Inc. Aham Inc. #6071 #4405 watt Toroid Corp. Motorola 660.502 1N4752A watt watt watt watt watt watt Allen Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic ERG-3SJ47R ERG-3SJ100 EVM-QOGA01B52 Rating Manufacturer Part Number
Note: resistors watt with tolerance unless otherwise noted. Note: capacitors volt with tolerance unless otherwise noted.
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Motorola reserves right make changes without further notice products herein. Motorola makes warranty, representation guarantee regarding suitability products particular purpose, does Motorola assume liability arising application product circuit, specifically disclaims liability, including without limitation consequential incidental damages. "Typical" parameters vary different applications. operating parameters, including "Typicals" must validated each customer application customer's technical experts. Motorola does convey license under patent rights rights others. Motorola products designed, intended, authorized components systems intended surgical implant into body, other applications intended support sustain life, other application which failure Motorola product could create situation where personal injury death occur. Should Buyer purchase Motorola products such unintended unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify hold Motorola officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, distributors harmless against claims, costs, damages, expenses, reasonable attorney fees arising directly indirectly, claim personal injury death associated with such unintended unauthorized use, even such claim alleges that Motorola negligent regarding design manufacture part. Motorola registered trademarks Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
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Watt High Fidelity Audio Amplifiers Utilizing Wideband Feedback Design

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