Distortion Mixer AD831 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM BIAS AD

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Distortion Mixer AD831 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM BIAS AD

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FEATURES Doubly-Balanced Mixer Distortion Third Order Intercept (IP3) Compression Point Drive Required: Bandwidth Input Bandwidths Differential Current Output >200 Single-Ended Voltage Output Single Dual Supply Operation Coupled Using Dual Supplies Ports Coupled Lower Frequency Limit-Operation User-Programmable Power Consumption APPLICATIONS High Performance RF/IF Mixer Direct Baseband Conversion Image-Reject Mixers Modulators Demodulators PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Distortion Mixer AD831
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
BIAS
AD831
filtering. When building quadrature-amplitude modulator image reject mixer, differential current outputs AD831s summed connecting them together. integral noise amplifier provides single-ended voltage output drive such impedance loads filters, amplifier inputs, converters. small signal bandwidth exceeds MHz. single resistor connected between pins sets gain. amplifier's offset allows such direct-coupled applications direct-to-baseband conversion quadrature-amplitude demodulation. mixer's noise figure 10.3 using output amplifier optimum source impedance. Unlike passive mixers, AD831 insertion loss does require external diplexer passive termination. programmable-bias feature allows user reduce power consumption, with reduction compression point third-order intercept. This permits tradeoff between dynamic range power consumption. example, AD831 used second mixer cellular two-way radio base stations reduced power while still providing substantial performance improvement over passive solutions.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
AD831 distortion, wide dynamic range, monolithic mixer such applications down conversion receivers, second mixer base stations, direct-to-baseband conversion, quadrature modulation demodulation, doppler-shift detection ultrasound imaging applications. mixer includes driver low-noise output amplifier provides both user-programmable power consumption 3rd-order intercept point. AD831 provides third-order intercept point power, thus improving system performance reducing system cost compared passive mixers, eliminating need high power driver attendant shielding isolation problems. ports coupled when mixer operating from supplies coupled when operating from single supply minimum. mixer operates with inputs high MHz. mixer's output available either differential current output single-ended voltage output. differential output from pair open collectors coupled transformer capacitor provide output bandwidth. down-conversion applications, single capacitor connected across these outputs implements low-pass filter reduce harmonics directly mixer core, simplifying output
Drive Output Referred Third Order Intercept Point Single-Ended Voltage Output High Port-to-Port Isolation Insertion Loss Single Dual Supply Operation 10.3 Noise Figure
REV.
Information furnished Analog Devices believed accurate reliable. However, responsibility assumed Analog Devices use, infringements patents other rights third parties which result from use. license granted implication otherwise under patent patent rights Analog Devices. Analog Devices, Inc., 1995 Technology Way, P.O. 9106, Norwood. 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703
AD831-SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter INPUT Bandwidth
unless otherwise noted; values assume load.)
Units
Conditions Signal Level, 10.7 High Side Injection Figure
Compression Point Common-Mode Range Bias Current Input Resistance Capacitance OUTPUT Bandwidth Conversion Gain Output Offset Voltage Slew Rate Output Voltage Swing Short Circuit Current INPUT Bandwidth Maximum Input Level Common-Mode Range Minimum Switching Level Bias Current Resistance Capacitance ISOLATION BETWEEN PORTS DISTORTION NOISE Order Intercept Order Intercept Compression Point Noise Figure, POWER SUPPLIES Recommended Supply Range Quiescent Current1
NOTES Quiescent current programmable. Specifications subject change without notice.
Coupled Differential Common Mode
Single-Ended Voltage Output, Level dBm, Terminals Connected Measurement; Input Switched Unity Gain
V/µs
Input Signal Level 10.7 High Side Injection Differential Input Signal Coupled Differential Common Mode
10.3
MHz, 10.7 MHz, 10.7 MHz, 10.7 dBm, MHz, 10.7 Output Referred, Input Output Referred, Input BIAS Matched Input, MHz, 10.7 Matched Input, MHz, 10.7 Dual Supply Single Supply Best Order Intercept Point Performance BIAS Open Circuited
REV.
AD831
Supply Voltage Input Voltages RFHI, RFLO LOHI, LOLO Internal Power Dissipation2 1200 Operating Temperature Range AD831A -40°C +85°C Storage Temperature Range -65°C +150°C Lead Temperature Range (Soldering sec) +300°C
NOTES Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" cause permanent damage device. This stress rating only functional operation device these other conditions above those indicated operational section this specification implied. Exposure absolute maximum rating conditions extended periods affect device reliability. Thermal Characteristics: 20-Pin PLCC Package: 110°C/Watt; 20°C/Watt. Note that 110°C/W value package measured while suspended still air; mounted board, typical value 90°C/W conduction provided AD831's package being contact with board, which serves heat sink.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
CONFIGURATION 20-Lead PLCC
BIAS
AD831
VIEW (Not Scale)
DESCRIPTION
Mnemonic BIAS
Description Positive Supply Input Mixer Current Output Amplifier Negative Input Ground Negative Supply Input Input Input Negative Supply Input Positive Supply Input Local Oscillator Input Local Oscillator Input Positive Supply Input Ground Bias Input Negative Supply Input Amplifier Output Amplifier Feedback Input Amplifier Output Common Amplifier Positive Input Mixer Current Output
ORDERING GUIDE
Model AD831AP
Temperature Range -40°C +85°C
Package Description 20-Lead PLCC
Package Option P-20A
CAUTION (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges high 4000 readily accumulate human body test equipment discharge without detection. Although AD831 features proprietary protection circuitry, permanent damage occur devices subjected high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper precautions recommended avoid performance degradation loss functionality.
WARNING!
SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV.
AD831-Typical Characteristics
THIRD ORDER INTERCEPT
SECOND ORDER INTERCEPT
FREQUENCY
1000
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure Third-Order Intercept Frequency, Held Constant 10.7
Figure Second-Order Intercept Frequency
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
FREQUENCY
1000
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure IF-to-RF Isolation Frequency
Figure LO-to-RF Isolation Frequency
LO-to-IF LO-to-IF
RF-to-IF RF-to-IF RF-to-IF RF-to-IF RF-to-IF RF-to-IF
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
FREQUENCY
1000
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure LO-to-IF Isolation Frequency
Figure RF-to-IF Isolation Frequency
REV.
AD831
1.00 0.75
COMPRESSION POINT
0.50
GAIN ERROR
0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50
-0.75 -1.00
FREQUENCY
1000
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure Compression Point Frequency, Gain
Figure Gain Error Frequency, Gain
COMPRESSION POINT
COMPRESSION POINT
FREQUENCY 1000
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure Compression Point Input, Gain
Figure Compression Point Frequency, Gain
MIXER OUTPUT TRANSFORMER COUPLED FIGURE
THIRD ORDER INTERCEPT
COMPRESSION POINT
MIXER PLUS AMPLIFIER,
LEVEL -10dBm 10.7MHz
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
Figure Third-Order Intercept Frequency Held Constant
Figure Input Compression Point Frequency, Gain Single Supply
REV.
AD831-Typical Characteristics
1200 1000 INPUT RESISTANCE INPUT CAPACITANCE
THIRD ORDER INTERCEPT
INPUT RESISTANCE Ohms
LEVEL -10dBm 10.7MHz 20kHz FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
Figure Input Third Order Intercept, Single Supply
Figure Input Impedance Frequency,
62.4 62.2
SECOND ORDER INTERCEPT
62.0 61.8 61.6 61.4 61.2 61.0 60.8 60.6 60.4 60.2 FREQUENCY LEVEL -10dBm 10.7MHz 20kHz
NOISE FIGURE
FREQUENCY
Figure Input Second Order Intercept, Single Supply
Figure Noise Figure Frequency, Matched Input
REV.
INPUT CAPACITANCE
AD831
THEORY OPERATION
AD831 consists mixer core, limiting amplifier, noise output amplifier, bias circuit (Figure 17). mixer's input converted into differential currents highly linear, Class voltage-to-current converter, formed transistors resistors resulting currents drive differential pairs input through high gain, noise limiting amplifier that converts input into square wave. This square wave drives differential pairs produces high level output IFN-consisting difference frequencies inputs-and series lower level outputs caused harmonics frequency mixing with input. on-chip network supplies bias current inputs when these coupled; this network disabled when AD831 coupled.
When integral output amplifier used, pins connected directly pins AFP; on-chip load resistors convert output current into voltage that drives output amplifier. ratio these load resistors resistors provides nominal unity gain from expression gain, decibels,
Equation
where
amplitude fundamental component square wave conversion loss small signal gain AD831 when input
driven fully positive negative.
18mA
18mA BIAS
LOCAL OSCILLATOR INPUT
LIMITING AMPLIFIER CURRENT MIRROR
INPUT
BIAS
BIAS
BIAS CURRENT
36mA 12mA 27mA
Figure Simplified Schematic Diagram
REV.
AD831
mixer open-collector outputs (differential currents) pins IFP. These currents used provide nominal unity RF-to-IF gain connecting center-tapped transformer (1:1 turns ratio) pins shown Figure
OUTPUT
Low-Pass Filtering
MCLT4-1H VPOS 18mA
18mA
simple low-pass filter added between mixer output amplifier shunting internal resistive loads equivalent resistance about with tolerance 20%) with external capacitors; these attenuate component down-conversion application (Figure 20). corner frequency this one-pole low-pass filter RCF)-1) should placed about octave above difference frequency Thus, frequency might chosen, using MHz)-1 nearest standard value.
89.7
LOCAL OSCILLATOR INPUT
INPUT
LIMITING AMPLIFIER
BIAS
BIAS CURRENT
36mA
AD831
View
BIAS
Figure Connections Transformer Coupling Output
Programming Bias Current
Because AD831's port Class-A circuit, maximum input proportional bias current. This bias current reduced connecting resistor from BIAS positive supply (Figure 19). normal operation, BIAS left unconnected. lowest power consumption, BIAS connected directly positive supply. range adjustment normal operation total current minimum power consumption.
Figure Low-Pass Filtering Using External Capacitors
Using Output Amplifier
AD831's output amplifier converts mixer core's differential current output into single-ended voltage provides output high peak into load (+10 dBm). unity gain operation (Figure 21), inputs connect open-collector outputs mixer's core connects VFB.
OUTPUT
AD831
View
VPOS
1.33k BIAS
0.1µF
AD831
View
BIAS
NOTE ADDED RESISTOR
Figure Programming Quiescent Current
Figure Output Amplifier Connected Unity Gain Operation
REV.
AD831
gains other than unity, amplifier's output connected attenuator network VFB; this determines overall gain. Using resistors (Figure 22), gain setting expression
Equation
51.1
OUTPUT
AD831
View
BIAS
OUTPUT
AD831
View
Figure Connections Driving Doubly-Terminated Bandpass Filter
BIAS
Figure Output Amplifier Feedback Connections Increasing Gain
Driving Filters
Higher gains achieved, using different resistor ratios, with concomitant reduction bandwidth this amplifier (Figure 24). Note also that Johnson noise these gain-setting resistors, well that terminating resistors, ultimately reflected back mixer's input; thus they should small possible, consistent with permissible loading amplifier's output.
COMPRESSION POINT
output amplifier used driving reverse-terminated loads. When driving bandpass filter (BPF), example, proper attention must paid providing optimal source load terminations achieve specified filter response. AD831's wideband highly linear output amplifier affords opportunity increase RF-to-IF gain compensate filter's insertion termination losses. Figure indicates output amplifier's impedance (voltage source) output drive doubly-terminated bandpass filter. typical loss insertion loss reverse-termination) made inclusion feedback network that increases gain amplifier When constructing feedback circuit, signal path between should short possible.
FREQUENCY
1000
Figure Output Amplifier Compression Point Gains (Gains Respectively)
REV.
AD831
APPLICATIONS
Careful component selection, circuit layout, power supply decoupling, shielding needed minimize AD831's susceptibility interference from radio stations, etc. bench evaluation, recommend placing components shielded using feedthrough decoupling networks supply voltage. Circuit layout construction also critical, since stray capacitances lead inductances form resonant circuits potential source circuit peaking, oscillation, both.
Dual-Supply Operation
Figure shows connections dual supply operation. Supplies should higher than power dissipation.
input AD831 shown connected impedance matching network assumed source impedance Figure shows input impedance AD831 plotted frequency. input circuit modeled resistance parallel with capacitance. capacitors (CF) connected from provide low-pass filter with cutoff frequency approximately downconversion applications (see Theory Operation section this data sheet more details). input connected single-ended because limiting amplifier provides symmetric drive mixer. minimize intermodulation distortion, connect pins shortest possible path. connections shown unity-gain operation. frequencies less than MHz, AD831's power satisfactory operation. Above MHz, specified power must used.
0.1µF
82pF 82pF
0.1µF
51.1
INPUT
OUTPUT
AD831
View
0.1µF
0.1µF
BIAS
0.1µF
51.1
0.1µF
INPUT
Figure Connections Dual-Supply Operation Showing Impedance Matching Network Gain Driving Reverse-Terminated Filter
-10-
REV.
AD831
Single Supply Operation
Figure similar dual supply circuit Figure Supplies should higher than power dissipation. Figure both ports driven single-ended terminated.
0.1µF 82pF
single supply operation, terminal "ground" reference output amplifier must biased supply voltage, which done resistors must ac-coupled load.
82pF
51.1 0.1µF
INPUT
OUTPUT
0.1µF
AD831
View
BIAS
0.1µF 0.1µF 51.1
0.1µF
0.1µF
INPUT
Figure Connections Single-Supply Operation
REV.
-11-
AD831
Connections Quadrature Demodulation
AD831 mixers have their inputs connected parallel have their inputs driven phase quadrature (Figure provide demodulated in-phase quadrature
outputs. mixers' inputs connected parallel single termination resistor used mixers located close proximity board.
0.1µF
0.1µF
DEMODULATED QUADRATURE OUTPUT 0.1µF
AD831
View
0.1µF
BIAS
0.1µF
51.1
0.1µF
INPUT 51.1 0.1µF
INPUT
0.1µF
DEMODULATED IN-PHASE OUTPUT 0.1µF
AD831
View
0.1µF
BIAS
0.1µF
51.1
0.1µF
INPUT
Figure Connections Quadrature Demodulation
-12-
REV.
AD831
Table AD831 Mixer Table, Supplies,
Level -9.0 dBm, Frequency 130.7 MHz, Data File imdTB10771 Level dBm, Frequency Temperature Ambient Supply 4.50 VPOS Current VNEG Current Intermodulation Table harmonics (rows) harmonics (columns). First absolute value nRF-mLO, second sum. -31.6 -31.6 -45.3 -45.3 -54.5 -54.5 -67.1 -67.1 -53.5 -53.5 -73.6 -73.6 -73.8 -73.8 -32.7 -32.7 -28.5 -48.2 -42.4 -57.1 -65.5 -63.1 -53.6 -62.6 -68.4 -57.7 -73.5 -73.9 -73.8 -35.7 -35.7 -37.2 -26.7 -39.4 -49.4 -57.5 -46.0 -69.9 -72.9 -73.8 -70.8 -68.6 -72.7 -63.4 -73.2 -21.1 -21.1 -41.5 -28.0 -57.6 -42.5 -50.6 -63.7 -69.9 -71.2 -72.3 -72.8 -73.1 -73.5 -72.6 -73.8 -11.6 -11.6 -30.4 -27.2 -44.9 -51.1 -62.6 -60.6 -69.6 -70.1 -70.7 -73.4 -73.8 -73.6 -74.6 -72.6 -19.2 -19.2 -34.3 -33.2 -42.4 -46.2 -55.8 -69.6 -74.1 -72.6 -71.1 -73.2 -73.0 -73.1 -74.9 -73.7 -35.1 -35.1 -25.2 -34.3 -40.2 -58.1 -59.7 -72.7 -69.7 -73.5 -74.3 -73.3 -72.9 -72.4 -73.6 -73.5 -41.9 -41.9 -40.1 -44.8 -40.2 -61.6 -55.2 -73.5 -58.6 -72.7 -73.0 -72.5 -74.4 -73.7 -74.5 -72.9
Table AD831 Mixer Table,
Supplies,
Level -9.0 dBm, Frequency 130.7 MHz, Data File imdTB13882 Level dBm, Frequency Temperature Ambient Supply 5.00 VPOS Current VNEG Current Intermodulation table harmonics (rows) harmonics (columns). First absolute value nRF-mLO, second sum. -37.5 -37.5 -45.9 -45.9 -46.4 -46.4 -45.1 -45.1 -35.2 -35.2 -63.4 -63.4 -67.3 -67.3 -36.5 -36.5 -29.1 -45.2 -39.4 -53.0 -40.0 -56.0 -39.0 -45.3 -53.0 -41.1 -66.3 -65.8 -61.6 -46.5 -46.5 -41.2 -38.7 -47.6 -35.7 -67.0 -50.0 -48.7 -48.1 -54.1 -62.4 -53.6 -67.2 -37.8 -66.3 -33.0 -33.0 -41.1 -22.9 -61.5 -38.4 -43.0 -48.9 -64.6 -58.4 -54.1 -67.3 -66.5 -67.5 -54.6 -72.9 -13- -17.0 -17.0 -38.5 -28.4 -53.7 -42.3 -60.9 -57.8 -53.5 -56.1 -53.7 -67.0 -58.8 -72.9 -62.5 -71.4 -23.0 -23.0 -29.0 -35.3 -43.5 -53.7 -47.9 -57.0 -55.7 -63.8 -57.9 -69.4 -63.3 -71.2 -71.7 -70.7 -34.2 -34.2 -31.7 -34.3 -41.5 -52.8 -50.7 -71.8 -53.5 -70.5 -66.6 -73.2 -61.7 -71.7 -55.2 -72.1 -45.6 -45.6 -47.4 -52.4 -41.8 -66.3 -41.0 -67.4 -51.1 -67.6 -64.3 -72.9 -71.4 -73.2 -57.1 -73.1
REV.
AD831
Table III. AD831 Mixer Table, Supplies,
Level -20.0 dBm, Frequency 130.7 MHz, Data File G1T1K 0771 Level dBm, Frequency Temperature Ambient Supply 3.50 VPOS Current VNEG Current Intermodulation Table harmonics (rows) harmonics (columns). First absolute value nRF-mLO, second sum. -30.3 -30.3 -50.3 -50.3 -48.4 -48.4 -66.7 -66.7 -66.9 -66.9 -78.0 -78.0 -78.4 -78.4 -45.2 -45.2 -29.7 -49.4 -41.0 -55.7 -52.9 -59.7 -65.9 -71.5 -76.3 -69.7 -78.3 -78.5 -78.3 -35.7 -35.7 -33.7 -28.2 -47.4 -51.4 -58.2 -50.0 -67.2 -78.1 -73.6 -78.1 -76.7 -78.3 -76.9 -78.2 -16.1 -16.1 -47.9 -24.4 -49.9 -34.7 -45.0 -64.5 -62.8 -74.2 -77.6 -78.2 -78.6 -78.2 -78.7 -78.2 -21.6 -21.6 -37.5 -26.0 -48.8 -49.8 -57.0 -62.8 -58.2 -77.5 -70.8 -78.1 -78.8 -78.1 -79.0 -77.9 -22.3 -22.3 -33.8 -47.4 -38.5 -48.6 -68.4 -73.4 -71.5 -74.4 -70.2 -78.0 -75.4 -78.0 -79.1 -77.9 -32.0 -32.0 -32.0 -35.9 -40.7 -68.5 -55.5 -74.0 -72.9 -77.9 -75.8 -77.9 -78.1 -77.9 -78.6 -77.8 -36.4 -36.4 -45.2 -49.7 -51.0 -67.9 -47.7 -71.8 -63.5 -77.5 -78.1 -77.9 -79.0 -77.8 -78.9 -77.5
Table AD831 Mixer Table,
Supplies,
Bias Resistor,
Level -20.0 dBm, Frequency 130.7 MHz, Data File G1T1K 3881 Level dBm, Frequency Temperature Ambient Supply 3.50 VPOS Current VNEG Current Intermodulation table harmonics (rows) harmonics (columns). First absolute value nRF-mLO, second sum. -34.1 -34.1 -46.6 -46.6 -41.3 -41.3 -53.9 -53.9 -66.9 -66.9 -77.4 -77.4 -78.9 -78.9 -60.6 -60.6 -27.3 -48.8 -37.8 -58.8 -47.9 -52.5 -61.4 -65.8 -69.7 -73.3 -78.6 -79.0 -78.8 -52.3 -52.3 -35.2 -28.7 -40.1 -47.6 -59.5 -65.2 -73.7 -70.6 -76.6 -72.9 -73.8 -78.7 -77.9 -78.7 -16.6 -16.6 -41.8 -20.7 -52.2 -41.7 -41.8 -62.5 -68.1 -76.9 -75.2 -77.4 -78.8 -78.6 -78.0 -78.6 -14- -12.8 -12.8 -29.8 -32.9 -57.9 -54.2 -61.2 -64.2 -60.3 -76.8 -65.4 -77.7 -79.2 -78.6 -79.3 -78.3 -26.0 -26.0 -29.1 -39.2 -38.6 -50.4 -58.1 -73.8 -71.0 -78.6 -70.0 -78.5 -73.6 -78.4 -79.5 -78.3 -45.0 -45.0 -35.3 -38.2 -45.8 -64.1 -57.5 -72.3 -63.4 -78.3 -73.6 -78.4 -74.9 -78.2 -79.3 -78.1 -38.8 -38.8 -49.0 -47.8 -47.7 -64.9 -54.0 -72.6 -62.3 -78.1 -68.7 -78.2 -79.3 -78.2 -79.3 -78.0 REV.
AD831
6632A PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY 8656B SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR 6632A PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY
ZFSC-2-1 COMBINER 8656A SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR
AD831
FIGURE
8561E SPECTRUM ANALYZER
9920 IEEE CONTROLLER 9121 DISK DRIVE
FLUKE 6082A SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR
IEEE-488
Figure Third-Order Intercept Characterization Setup
6632A PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY ZFSC-2-1 8656B SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR
6632A PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY
AD831
FIGURE
8656B SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR
ZFSC-2-1 USED MOVE SPECTRUM ANALYZER MEASUREMENTS
8561E SPECTRUM ANALYZER
8656B SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL GENERATOR
Figure Isolation Characterization Setup
REV.
-15-
AD831
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown inches (mm).
20-Lead PLCC (P-20A)
0.056 (1.42) 0.042 (1.07) IDENTIFIER VIEW
0.025 (0.63) 0.015 (0.38)
0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07)
C1879a-10-6/95
0.021 (0.53) 0.013 (0.33) 0.330 (8.38) 0.290 (7.37) 0.032 (0.81) 0.026 (0.66)
0.050 (1.27) 0.020 (0.50)
0.356 (9.04) 0.350 (8.89) 0.395 (10.02) 0.385 (9.78) 0.110 (2.79) 0.085 (2.16) 0.040 (1.01) 0.025 (0.64)
-16-
REV.
PRINTED U.S.A.
C1879a-10-7/95
0.048 (1.21) 0.042 (1.07)
0.180 (4.57) 0.165 (4.19)

Distortion Mixer AD831 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM BIAS AD

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