Cecilia Contenti Ribarich Applications Engineer, International Re

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Cecilia Contenti Ribarich Applications Engineer, International Re

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Digitally Addressable DALI Dimming Ballast
Cecilia Contenti Ribarich
Applications Engineer, International Rectifier, Lighting Group, 101S Sepulveda Blv. Segundo, 90245-4382 tel. (310)726-8927, fax. (310)726-8846, email: cconten1@irf.com
presented APEC 2002
Abstract: digitally addressable digital dimming ballast
been developed. conforms DALI standard requiring very parts operates very power. Applications include building management studio lighting where desired control single groups lamps conserving energy, performing lamp maintenance creating prefect light quality. design includes digital dimming ballast, code micro-controller platform control ballast
ballast control, receiving status information from ballast control sending status information back user. This allows complete precise control entire lighting environment. typical digital dimming solution includes ASIC sending receiving instructions from micro-controller optocouplers isolating control input (Figure ASIC contains necessary functions controlling lamp brightness well digital interface communicating with micro-controller.
INTRODUCTION Digitally addressable lighting slowly emerging popular means controlling complete lighting environments wide variety different applications. Individual control each lamp enables user precisely deliver correct amount light when where required. Managing light this manner allows massive reduction global energy consumption lighting. Industrial environments conserve total energy required lighting while actually increasing light quality certain areas given times. complete digital dimming system includes dimming ballasts digital control unit converting information from Ethernet connection communication protocol required micro-controller each ballast (Figure Applications this system include building management studio lighting where desired control single groups lamps conserving energy, performing lamp maintenance creating precision lighting effects.
Line Neutral Earth
Ethernet
Net-to-DALI Converter
Digital Dimming Ballasts
Net-to-DALI Converter
Digital Dimming Ballasts
Net-to-DALI Converter
DIGITAL DIMMING
Digital Dimming Ballasts
Digital dimming ballasts include filter, rectifier, power factor correction, ballast output stage (Figure digital ballast also includes micro-controller sending receiving information digitally. microcontroller functions include storing ballast address, receiving user instructions, setting reference
Figure Typical digital dimming system.
Digital Dimmable Electronic Ballast
Line Neutral Earth Filter Rectifier
Power Factor Correction
Ballast Output Stage
Lamp
Digital Control Input
Isolation
MicroController
Ballast Control
Figure Digital dimming ballast block diagram.
This approach requires four primary which include power factor controller micro-controller ASIC driver output stage.
Digital Dimmable Electronic Ballast
on/off, level fade time. Various operating parameters changed stored dynamically within ballast memory. example, scene levels different groups ballasts. Also, maximum brightness, minimum brightness, power-on light level failure light level several other features desired. Another feature ability diagnose problems such lamp failures. DALI provides levels brightness between minimum maximum levels also includes logarithmic dimming curve (Figure This gives larger increments brightness high levels smaller increments levels. result dimming curve which appears linear human eye.
Power Factor Correction
Line Neutral Earth
Filter
Rectifier
Ballast Output Stage
Lamp
Digital Control Input
OptoIsolator
MicroController
ASIC
High/Low Side Driver
Figure Typical digital dimming ASIC solution.
standard solution also exists that includes IR2159 Dimming (Figure With this approach total number been reduced three IR2159 also includes driver circuitry ballast output stage.
Digital Dimmable Electronic Ballast
Lamp Brightness
Line Neutral Earth Filter Rectifier
Power Factor Correction
Figure DALI logarithmic dimming curve with brightness levels
Ballast Output Stage Lamp
IRPLDIM2 REFERENCE DESIGN Microchip Jointly developed solution digitally addressable digital dimming ballasts. conforms DALI standard. fully-functional digitally addressable dimming ballast designed (Figure built tested performance.
Digital Control Input
OptoIsolator
MicroController
IR2159
Figure Digital dimming solution using IR2159 Dimming
III. DALI system known Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) exists Europe which been widely adopted several companies process becoming standard. This two-wire system with defined digital communication protocol sending receiving instructions. DALI includes bitstream definition both forward backward going messages (standard prlEC929). DALI allows communication with ballasts once, groups ballasts maximum) individual ballasts maximum). functions performed include
Figure IRPLDIM2: Digitally Addressable DALI Dimming Ballast
This reference design high efficiency, high power factor, digital dimming electronic ballast designed drive rapid start fluorescent lamp. design contains active power factor correction circuit universal voltage input well ballast control circuit using IR2159. design also includes PIC16F628 micro-controller isolation circuit connecting Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI). Other features include filtering, transient protection lamp fault protection (Figure input stage designed high power factor harmonic distortion using generic IR2159 Dimming Ballast used provide smooth dimming control lamp (phase control method, patented IR). IR2159 also includes 0-to-5V analog dimming input, which convenient interfacing micro-controller. PIC16F628 micro-controller used digital control section. PIC16F628 acts interface between IR2159 ballast controller DALI. Data transmitted ballast from DALI PIC16F628 collects data through isolation circuit. PIC16F628 then interprets data sends appropriate signals IR2159 necessary sends information back DALI. PIC16F628 also performs lamp fault detection disables IR2159 lamp fault present.
Filter Line Input Rectifier Output Stage
Programmable Ignition High precision Digital Dimming Logarithmic Dimming Diagnostic fault control Lamp Fault Protection Brownout Protection Phase control dimming Optically Isolated Communications This good example merging digital technology (innovative software tricks) with high voltage analog technology (innovative hardware tricks) face modern market issue energy saving, reducing complexity cost with user-friendly design-development reduce design time customers adopting this solution. CONTROL BALLAST MICRO-CONTROLLER communication between micro-controller IR2159 done with four signals (Figure These signals used digital dimming (RB3), turning ballast (RB4), fault detection (RB5 RB6). microcontroller controls IR2159 following pins: shutdown (active high), FMIN used fault detection fault mode) control brightness. micro-controller receives lamp information signal Lamp -out, connected lamp.
Lamp
Micro
light level Fade time Fade rate On/Off
Ballast Control
Half Bridge Driver
Lamo Lamp Fault
RDIM
Lamp
Dimming Feedback Preheat Feedback
IR2159
data signal from network micro
RA118 RA017
Serial Port RS232-toDALI converter
IR2159
PIC16F62
VCC13
PIC16F628
OptoIsolation
Fault condition actual level light status ballast
RA716 RA615 VDD14 RB713 RB612 RB511 RB410
FMIN
Lamp Fault
Interface with Optos
data signal from micro network
TURN TURN
Figure IRPLDIM2 Digitally Addressable Dimming Ballast.
Digital Signal CMOS DALI Signal
1.25V 2.5V
main advantages this solution are: component count (only components!) power, power standby innovative Shut-down communication method (this makes possible from without additional input) Fast easy design customers adopting this solution (modifying code micro changing ballast section with Ballast Designer software) Some others features are: Interface DALI wires) High Power Factor/ High Frequency Operation Programmable Lamp Filament Preheating
3.75V
Figure Micro-controller/IR2159 Communication
shutdown signal (RB4) enables disables IR2159. When high, lamp IR2159 disabled with minimal current flowing. When low, lamp PIC16F628 control this line determines lamp should based fault conditions user requested settings from DALI. There signals used fault detection, lamp -out (RB6), fault (RB5). lamp-out signal indicates presence lamp lamp fault. When lamp removed lamp -out signal pulled pull-up resistor
software forces IR2159 shutdown. When lamp changed, this goes Volts, micro-controller turns IR2159 again lamp re-starts automatically. Other fault conditions indicated fault signal (pin FMIN IR2159). fault signal indicates that IR2159 fault state (the IR2159 turns automatically fault conditions such fault, overcurrent, failure strike line will remain this FAULT state until reset. IR2159 requires 0.5-volt 5-volt analog voltage DIM) perform dimming, thus volts corresponds power level volts corresponds 100% power level. PIC16F628 provides pulse width modulated signal that filtered with single network (R25 C17). This provides analog voltage dimming. micro change voltage from 0.5V changing duty cycle therefore generate different voltage levels IR2159. conform digital dimming requirements, output logarithmic rather than linear. Since human much more sensitive lower light levels than high levels, logarithmic output appears linear. Therefore PIC16F628 programmed produce logarithmic voltage IR2159 drives lamp power (Figure 10).
Logarithmic Voltage Output
DALI INTERFACE/MICRO-CONTROLLER Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface optically isolated from micro-controller. Figure shows connections between DALI micro-controller. wires from DALI converted four signals. four transmit signal (RB2) receive signal (RX_DALI). other signals communications-enable (RB0) signal receive-drive (RB1) signal. transmit signal receive signal directly correlate levels seen Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface. receiving higher voltage logic DALI translated volt logic microcontroller, transmission, volt logic translated higher voltage logic DALI.
DALI
ENABLE TX_DALI
RECEIVE-DRIVE
RX_DALI
Voltage Output
MICRO-CONTROLLER
Digital Input
Figure DALI/ Micro-controller communication.
Logarithmic Power Output
Digital Input Power Output
Figure Dimming Characteristics.
micro-controller also change fade time controlling speed which duty cycle changes. relation between light level level tuned according specific needs. minimum light level changed adjusting RMIN, maximum level changed adjusting RMAX. RMIN sets lower phase boundary corresponding minimum lamp power when VDIM 0.5V, RMAX sets upper phase boundary corresponding maximum lamp power when VDIM RMAX must after RMIN.
ballast achieves very power controlling communications circuit with communication-enable signal receive-drive signal. During normal operation PIC16F628 enables communication circuitry with communication-enable signal. With this signal there enough current, less than 100uA, indicate when data being sent ballast, enough current accurately transfer data. Upon detection (done built into PIC16F628) receive-drive asserted raise current above 500uA achieve good signal transfer across isolation. receive-drive signal only enabled long enough transfer data; then disabled (waveforms Figure 12). This method strongly reduces power/current use. comparator built into PIC16F628 used thre shold detection incoming data. signal used threshold comparator. With shutdown there some unique power conditions. With shutdown line lamp ignited, PIC16F628 derives power from charge pump IR2159. charge pump provides enough current micro-controller internal frequency 4MHz during normal operation. When shutdown line asserted IR2159 disabled, charge pump longer functioning. Current drawn directly from high
voltage line through high value resistor. microcontroller sleep during this time minimize current draw power dissipation. receive data, which requires significant current, PIC16F628 wakes starts charge pump IR2159 long enough process command, typically less than 25ms, long enough ignite lamp (waveforms Figure 12). Doing this unique management minimizes power dissipation during shutdown.
Software written controlling ballast from software graphical user interface performing DALI functions (Figure 15). sends commands serial cable RS232-to-DALI converter which then communicates with ballast two-wire connection.
Receive
Receive-drive signal Communicationsenable Figure Graphical user interface digital dimming software.
Figure Communication Signals between micro-controller/DALI
VII. REFERENCE DESIGN TOOLS Reference Design (Figure consists these following items: IRPLDIM2 DALI Ballast RS232-DALI Bridge DALI with software design information
ballast software system successfully performed DALI functions while giving high-performance dimming well. encloses: Layout files, schematics, Users manual, micro-controller code software drive ballast adapt ballast different lamp types configurations software (www.irf.com) that will give BOM, schematic Layout files when selecting kind lamp, number lamps lamp configuration (Figure 16).
Figure Graphical user interface software.
CONCLUSIONS digitally addressable digital dimming ballast been developed which conforms DALI standard. This reference design (IRPLDIM2) high efficiency, high power factor, digital dimming electronic ballast designed drive rapid start fluorescent lamps. Some features are: component count (only 92!)
Figure Reference Design Setup.
power, innovative communications Shut-down method Fast easy design customers adopting this solution (modifying code micro adapting ballast section with software)
APPENDIX Schematics
Reference CPH, CVDC C11,
Description
Bridge Rectifier, 1000V Capacitor, 0.47uF, 1206 Capacitor, 0.01uF, 1206 Capacitor, 0.33uF, 275VAC Capacitor, 0.1uF, 400VDC Capacitor, 0.1uF, SMT1206 Capacitor, 0.22uF, SMT1206 Capacitor, 10uF, 450VDC,105C Capacitor, 4.7uF, 25VDC, 105C Capacitor, 10uF, 25VDC, 105C Capacitor, 220pF, 1206 Capacitor, 1nF, 1206 Capacitor, 1nF, 1KV, 1812 Capacitor, 10nF, 1600VDC Capacitor, 47nF, 1206 Capacitor, 1uF, 1206 Y-Capacitor Diode, 1N4148, DL35 Diode, 1N4148 Diode, 600V Zener Zener 5.6V Zener Inductor, 1x10mH, 0.7A Inductor, 2.0mH, 2.0Apk Inductor, 2.0mH, 2.0Apk Transistor Mosfet Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, 5.1K Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, 32.4K Ohm,SMT1206 Resistor, 680KOhm, 1206 Resistor, 7.5K Ohm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, SMT1206
CVCO RFMIN
OPTO
OPTO
APPENDIX IRPLDIM2E Bill Materials Lamp Type: T8/36W, Line Input Voltage:
IR2159
PIC16F628
CVDC RVDC CVCO RFMIN RMAX RDIM RIPH RMIN
FMIN
RDIM, R12, R20, R35,
RIPH RVDC RMIN RMAX
R13, R14, R21, R16, R10, R26, R25,
R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R06, R07,
Resistor, Ohm, 1206 Resistor, 100KOhm, 1206 Resistor, 820KOhm, 1206 Resistor, Ohm, SMT1206 Resistor, Ohm, Watt Resistor, 0.68 Ohm, Watt Resistor, 100K Ohm, Watt Resistor, Resistor, Resistor, Ohm, SMT1206 Resistor, Ohm, 0.5W Resistor, KOhm, SMT1206 Resistor, 360KOhm, SMT1206 Resistor, KOhm, 1206 Resistor, KOhm, 1206 Resistor, 75K, 1206 Resistor, KOhm, SMT1206 Resistor, Ohm, Watt FACTOR Dimming Ballast Controller Mini-flat package Photo coupler Micro-controller PDIP SOT23 Transistor 200V Mini Bridge Rect Connector, terminal Connector, terminal Phone Connector RJ11 Jumper Resistor, Ohm, 1206

Cecilia Contenti Ribarich Applications Engineer, International Re

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