Analog Devices Solutions Bulletin Page Othello- Performance Break
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Communications
Analog Devices Solutions Bulletin
Page Othello- Performance Breakthrough Chipsets Fully Integrated Power Solutions GSM/DCS/PCS Accuracy Leaders Battery Charger Controllers Highly Integrated IF-to-Digital Narrowband Receiver Mixed-Signal Front Ideal Broadband Modems Amps Offer Precision High-Dynamic Measurements Industry Leader Low-Jitter, Low-Phase Solutions Revolutionary Method Achieving Higher Frequency Output TigerSHARCDSP Offers Flexibility High Performance True "Software Radios" Wireless Infrastructure Applications Family Driving ADCs/DACs Offers Wide Dynamic Range First Line Driver Deliver Signals within Full Rate ADSL Line Driver Offers Power-Down Feature Low-Power Crosspoint Switch Drives Backplanes Directly
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ails.
projected that 2004 there will approximately billion cellular phone users worldwide. Handheld devices-such PDAs with wireless audio, video, data connections Internet-are also expected ubiquitous. And, time this Solution Bulletin reaches your desk, there will likely close million broadband connections Internet, satisfying voracious appetite fast, reliable connections individuals businesses alike.
What these hundreds other communications devices-from wireless devices such pagers, cellular base stations, automotive toll tags wired equipment central office Internet backbones-all have common need high-speed, high-performance analog, digital, mixed-signal, digital signal processing signal chain. over years, succeeded developing these critical communications solutions like Analog Devices. Whether designer looking most complete chipsets GSM, CDMA cellular base stations, innovative signal chain blocks circuits, highest-performing discrete amplifiers converters, Analog Devices help your quest provide best products today's demanding communications market. course, pages isn't enough cover everything that we've learned years. That's invite visit www.analog.com/bulletins/comms learn more. while you're there, order your copy Communications Solutions Kit. you'll discover newest white papers applications notes, well latest communications advances solutions from Analog Devices, world's number brand high-performance signal processing products.
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Current Challenge Cellphone Designers
radio section phone become bigger part total cost. This because digital section fallen cost (thanks Moore's Law), filters oscillators superhet radio have become cheap enough fast enough keep pace. Direct-conversion radio seems like answer, brings problems. Analog Devices engineers solved them.
Solution from Analog Devices' Systems Team
Othello Direct-Conversion Chipset
AD6523/AD6524 Othello chipset breakthrough chipsets. Combining process, design, architecture, algorithm expertise results multiband transceiver with performance needed today's handsets significantly lower bill-of-materials cost compared superhet radio designs. addition, elimination numerous filters other discrete components provides substantial reduction size. This allows GSM/GPRS functions embedded products from miniature phones palmtop computers energy meters, many more systems. Combined with AD6521/AD6522 SoftFonebaseband processor, multiband GSM/GPRS phone with 1000 hours standby time developed. SoftFone chipset includes 218x-class DSP, 7®TDMI controller, Mbit SRAM, innovative state-machine-based timing control, mixed-signal interfaces radio, audio, control sections handset mobile terminal.
AD20msp430 SOFTFONE CHIPSET
AD6522 MEMORY FLASH MEMORY ADSP218x CONTROLLER AD6521 AUXILIARY A/D, BASEBAND A/D, VOICEBAND CODEC
OTHELLO RADIO
AD6523 DIRECT CONVERSION RADIO AD6524 MULTIBAND SYNTHESIZER POWER CONTROL
MBIT SRAM
DISPLAY
KEYPAD
ADP33xx ADP34xx POWER MANAGEMENT BATTERY CHARGING
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AD6523 RFIC includes major analog baseband functions, including LNA, quadrature down-converter, generation subsystem, offset-correction converters, baseband analog filtering. Analog outputs provided drive receive-path converters. transmit section AD6523 includes modulator, patent-pending "Virtual-IF" architecture reduce filtering requirements simplify external circuitry. AD6523 operate MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 frequency bands. AD6524 multiband synthesizer provides local oscillator signals AD6523. embodies sigma-delta fractional-N topology, providing fast lock times phase noise. controlled through serial interface provides several general-purpose drivers system control. Othello chipset eliminates problems associated with direct-conversion radios several ways. First, generated novel way. PLL/VCO operates desired frequency mode, desired frequency DCS/PCS modes. regenerative divider scheme with sideband selection used convert "correct" frequency. result, there active oscillator operating frequency, interactions leakages from back minimized. Another problem associated with direct conversion, offsets, partially reduced this technique, further reduced on-chip converters trim mixer output offsets. remaining offset absorbed baseband converters. filters single 3-band operation voice data operation (through GPRS Class
CONTROL CONTROL LOOP LOOP
REGULATOR
AD6523
POWER
POWER
MODULATOR
BASEBAND
DEMODE
Tx/Rx GENERATION
SERIAL INTERFACE
BALUN SERIAL INTERFACE
FRAC SYNTH
XTAL
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Cell Phone Designers Design High-Performance, Small Size Phone with Long Battery Life Cost?
Cell phone users want smaller lighter cell phones. They also want those cell phones well their other hand-held devices) last longer single charge. This seeming paradox solved applying battery management technologies developed Analog Devices.
Solution from Analog Devices' Power Management Team
Solution Highly Integrated Power Management
ADP3401/ADP3402/ADP3408 multifunction power system chips that handle power management functions. These devices contain four anyCAP® LDOs power each critical subsystems-allowing extremely ground current high accuracy extend standby time. ADP3408 also includes Li+/NiMH battery-charging controller further reduce discrete component count. These ICs, except ADP3408, also have integrated step-up converter module, level translation circuitry adapt logic signals modules. Sophisticated sequencing power-up during battery charging, keypad interface, auxiliary cell battery charging real-time clock also included.
VBAT
VBAT2
VRTOIN
VSIM
PWRONKEY ROWX
DIGITAL CORELDO ANALOG TCXO
VCORE
PWRONIN
POWER-UP SEQUENCING PROTECTION LOGIC
VTCXO
handles baseband power management LDOs specific subsystems integrated Li+/NiMH battery-charging controller (ADP3408) integrated LiMg-Ion charger real-time clock charge pump logic level translation modules (except ADP3408) only shutdown current quiescent current when phone standby ideal companion AD20msp425 AD20msp430 (ADP3408) baseband chipsets available TSSOP-28 package
TCXOEN SIMEN RESCAP
MEMORY BUFFER
VMEM
VRTC
REFOUT RESET
CHRDET
CHGEN GATEIN BATSNS ISENSE
BATTERY CHARGE CONTROLLER
BATTERY VOLTAGE DIVIDER
MVBAT
DGND
GATEDR CHRIN
ADP3408
AGND
APPLICATIONS
fully integrated power solutions GSM/DCS/PCS companions AD20msp425 AD20msp430 baseband chipsets
Solution anyCAP LDOs
also offers complete suite anyCAP LDOs designed meet stringent requirements cellular phone applications. ADP3307 offers extremely tight accuracy 1.4%), only dropout, shutdown current, dropout tiny SOT-23 package. ADP3330 comes SOT-23 package well. provides with dropout only no-load ground current only. Both ADP3307 ADP3330 require just 0.47 output capacitance stability. more powerful ADP3335 delivers ADP3307-3.3 extremely small MSOP-8 package utilizing ADI's ChipV 3.3V on-Lead thermally enhanced lead frame technology. It's 330k 0.47 smallest market. ADP3335 also features high PSRR shutdown current consumption.
extremely high accuracy
APPLICATIONS
fully integrated power solutions GSM/DCS/PCS companions AD20msp425 AD20msp430 baseband chipsets
small compact packages portable applications high PSRR ADP3330: ADP3335: no-load ground current: ADP3330
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shutdown feature insensitive output capacity req: 0.47 (ADP3307 ADP3330), (ADP3335)
Solution Cool Chargers
ADP3801/ADP3802 complete buck-type switching regulator battery charger controllers that provide high efficiency offer industry's best battery voltage accuracy. These devices (CC/CV) architecture, provide fast transition from constant-current mode constant-voltage mode minimize charging time. parts also include valuable features such programmable charge current, end-of-charge detector, integrated dropout regulator, dual battery capability make designing accurate charger easy. output voltage pin-programmable three Li-Ion options: (one Li-Ion cell), (two cells), 12.6 (three cells). high-frequency switching topology small size high efficiency: ADP3801-200 kHz, ADP3802-500 CC/CV architecture fast, safe charging Li-Ion batteries guaranteed end-of-charge voltage accuracy: 0.75% over temperature intelligent end-of-charge output signal pin-programmable cell number select with end-of-charge voltage adjustable 0.4% 25°C,
combined with external microcontroller implement universal (Li-Ion/NiCd/NiMH) charger
APPLICATIONS
Solution 4-Simple, Small Chargers
ADP3820 precision single cell Li-Ion battery charger controller that drives external P-channel MOSFET form inexpensive, highly accurate, low-dropout linear charger. ADP3820 output versions support both coke- graphite-anode Li-Ion batteries. external MOSFET allows designer optimize power level applications ranging from PDAs cellular phones. ADP3820 includes such features programmable charge current, foldback current limit, overload recovery gate-tosource voltage clamp protect external MOSFET. ADP3820 also minimizes reverse leakage current from battery input voltage charger disconnected. This elimRS inates need external serial NDP6020P blocking diode.
GATE LI-ION BATTERY
fast chargers universal chargers cellular phones
1.0% total accuracy (line, load, temp)
input voltage range
ADP3820
programmable charging current (typical) operating current (typical) shutdown current SOT-23-6 SO-8 package options
APPLICATIONS
cellular phones laptop desktop hand-held computers
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Intelligent System Partitioning Helps Solve Challenges Achieving Price, Performance, Size, Power Optimization Broadband Modem Digital Radio Designs
Designers base stations, mobile terminals, modems require smaller form factors higher performance levels lower costs. Because heat management battery life issues they cannot afford dissipate watts power transmit receive path. meet these requirements, large-scale digital circuitry needs move onto most state-of-the-art, low-voltage lithographies, which suitable performance analog mixed-signal circuitry. offering solutions that appropriately partition large-scale digital from performance mixed-signal component, Analog Devices' integrated mixed-signal front products help engineers solve this problem broadband modems narrow band receivers.
AD9870 Digitizing Subsystem, Highly Integrated IF-to-Digital Narrowband Receiver
AD9870 low-power, high-performance, IF-to-digital narrowband receiver subsystem. includes LNA, mixer, variable gain amplifier, anti-alias filter, bandpass ADC, programmable decimation filter, plus loop clock synthesizer circuitry. accepts input mixes down lower (fCLK/8), which then digitized bandpass ADC, converted baseband I/Q, filtered digital deciAD9870 mation filter.
MXOP MXON IF2N IF2P 16dB
AD9870 designed specifically private mobile radio applications where there three basic radio platforms that need served: stationary base stations, vehicle mobile units, portable terminals (handsets). requirement support these three platforms with device drove product offer base station performance handset power budget. AD9870's amazing performance IIP3, noise figure, >100 dynamic range achieved with power dissipation merely programmable signal bandwidth from does require external inductors. analog baseband digital IIP3, noise figure power dissipation
IFIN
VGA/
DECIMATION FILTER
FORMATTING/SSI
DOUTA DOUTB
fCLK FREF CONTROL LOGIC SYNTH. SAMP CLOCK SYNTHESIZER VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPI.
CLKOUT
CLKP
LOOP FILTER
LOOP FILTER
APPLICATIONS
base stations, portable mobile products for: private mobile radio (i.e., APCO TETRA, Tetrapol) narrowband mobile radios digital radios narrowband modems
integration: LNA, mixer, VGA, AAF, ADC, AGC, synthesizers, processing LQFP highly programmable: power-down, output bandwidth, synthesizer divider ratios signal bandwidth continuous gain range, gain step
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SYNCB
IOUTC
IOUTL
VREFN
CLKN
VREFP
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AD9873 Mixed-Signal Front Broadband Modems
AD9873 mixed-signal front developed broadband communications applications. includes complete 12-bit, MSPS digital upconverter, 12-bit ADC, 10-bit ADC, 8-bit ADCs, control DACs. provides combination price performance characteristics that ideal broadband communication applications such set-top box, cable, power line, wireless modems. AD9873 used front transmit receive signal paths digital communication devices interfaced directly VLSI digital modem ASIC, which incorporates physical layer (PHY)/Medium Access Control (MAC) functions. broadband modem set-top applications 12-bit 10-bit used digitize main signal channel, while digital upconverter used upstream data transmission. 12-bit utilized auxiliary channel (external video, data, second channel), while 8-bit ADC's available processing. auxiliary DACs available control functions. AD9873 contains optimized mixed signal technology provide excellent dynamic performance variety modulation formats FSK, QPSK, 16/32/64/256 QAM, OFDM, spread spectrum, etc. AD9873 facilitates "smart" approach overall system partitioning whereby large-scale digital high-performance mixed-signal analog functions segregated. digital ASIC implemented most cost-effective finest geometry possible. This method system partitioning puts modulation encoding system digital ASIC, AD9873. With this cost-effective approach, system designer keep more "value added" their digital ASIC using their system expertise, proprietary algorithms, intellectual property. Deep submicron geometry processes readily support voltage levels required high-performance converters, coupling digital noise into analog signal chain will corrupt signal fidelity. AD9873's mixed-signal partitioning resolves cost performance trade-off issues related integrating mixed-signal circuitry within VLSI digital ASICs.
SYNC INTERPOLATOR FILTER SINC
AD832x
SDELTA0 SDELTA1
FRONTEND
DIGITAL LAYER
SERIAL PROFILE CONTROL FUNCTIONS
AD9873
SYNC
IF10
DIGITAL ASIC
IF12 VIDEO
APPLICATIONS
digital communications data video modems cable modem set-top boxes power line modem satellite systems multimedia broadband wireless communication
quadrature digital upconverter: output bandwidth 12-bit direct converter direct digital synthesis Interpolation sin(X)/X filters 12-bit MSPS direct 10-bit MSPS direct dual 8-bit 16.5 MSPS ADCs
dual 12-bit
control DACs
video input with clamp circuitry direct interface AD8321/3 cable driver programmable clock multiplier single supply operation power-down modes 100-lead MQFP
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Detection Power Control Obstacles
Power measurement Radio Frequencies (RF) function that required most communications systems. term measurement automatically implies certain level precision over both input range temperature, which difficult achieve.
Figure example, shows output voltage versus input level temperature-compensated diode detector circuit MHz. output voltage traces scaled right-hand axis error traces (with respect best-straight line 25°C) scaled left-hand axis. Clearly, while this circuit does measure power over dynamic range around does give good precision levels, especially over temperature. Figure shows same plot AD8361 rms-to-dc converter. While AD8361 response similar diode detector, higher output voltage equivalent input power level also much more stable over temperature both high levels. This integrated circuit also advantage response that independent signal crest factor. This allows precise measurement power systems with varying crest factors such CDMA, WCDMA, multicarrier base stations.
ERROR
100pF
40°C
25°C
85°C
VOUT
Figure temperature-compensated diode detector circuit reasonably linear transfer function over fairly narrow dynamic range. However, varying temperatures severely limit precision input levels.
Amps
ERROR 25°C 40°C VOUT VOLTS 85°C
high dynamic range measurements, amps offer precision over multiple decades. Figure shows transfer function AD8309 MHz. This device measure power over range error bands) with noticeable degradation temperature variations. While this device higher precision AD8306 work frequencies MHz, Analog Devices also offers amps such AD8313 AD8314 that work frequencies have dynamic ranges respectively. Analog Devices also offers amps such AD8310 that detect bursts narrow
Figure AD8361 rms-to-dc converter high conversion gain temperature stability precisely measures signal level over range frequencies GHz.
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VOUT VOLTS
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Measurement Mode Controller Mode
output voltage from typically digitized used control DAC's output voltage, which then regulates gain. AD8314, however, second mode operation that very useful analog Automatic Level Control Loops. Figure shows circuit that uses AD8314 automatically control level output AD603 variable gain amplifier. output voltage AD603 sampled, attenuated, input AD8314. there discrepancy between this level equivalent setpoint voltage (VSET) from AD5300 DAC, adjusts gain variable gain amplifier until loop balanced. This circuit used either hold variable gain amplifier output constant level vary
RSSI OUTPUT VOLTS
85°C
ERROR
85°C 40°C 25°C 25°C 40°C
INPUT LEVEL
Figure AD8309 precisely measure signal strength over dynamic range. Temperature variations have noticeable effect performance.
VPOS
VINP
FDBK
20MHz 90MHz 2.8V
VNEG
VOUT 20mV
COMM
AD603
GNEG GPOS
VPOS
COMM
V_DN
V_UP
AD8314
ENBL VSET FLTR RFIN
3-WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE
SCLK
3.01k
AD5300 VOUT
SYNC
Figure amps also used analog Automatic Gain Control loops. AD8314 control output level variable gain amplifier over dynamic range over
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Difficulty Achieving Problem-Free Analog Frequency Synthesis
Analog frequency synthesis until been only viable approach low-jitter, low-phase-noise solutions with attendant problems analog such drift, aging, temperature sensitivity, component tolerance, long settling time, etc.
With advent high resolution solutions, such AD9857, advantages digital synthesis- stability, repeatability, near instantaneous settling, programmability available low-jitter phase noise designs. AD9857 14-bit, MSPS digital modulator with superior SFDR, jitter, phase noise performance used frequency source. AD9857 designed suit applications that involve data upconversion digital modulation, does superb this role. performance strengths AD9857 achieved through leadingedge 14-bit architecture, including high capability 14-bit output DAC. Though designed digital modulator with on-board DDS, AD9857 also features single-tone mode operation that allows part used anywhere that ordinary would appropriate. AD9857 particularly useful single-tone applications that require excellent SFDR performance, phase noise, jitter, frequency agility. AD9857 operated MSPS, which allows carrier frequency outputs with typical SFDR kHz, MHz. carrier frequency MHz, AD9857 offers SFDR performance high kHz.
AD9857
INVERSE FILTER FIXED INTERPOLATOR PROGRAMMABLE INTERPOLATOR QUADRATURE MODULATOR INVERSE SINC FILTER
PARALLEL DATA (14-BIT)
INV.
INVERSE CLOCK HALFBAND CLOCKS INTERP CONTROL
INV. SINC INVERSE SINC CLOCK
14-BIT
RSET IOUT IOUT
INTERP CLOCK
INVERSE
DATA CLOCK
TUNING WORD TIMING CONTROL
CONTROL REGISTERS
SYNCH.
SYSCLK
POWERDOWN LOGIC
PROFILE SELECT LOGIC
CLOCK
CORE CLOCK
OUTPUT SCALE VALUE
CLOCK MULTIPLIER
MODE CONTROL
REFCLK REFCLK
PARALLEL
RESET
SERIAL
DIGITAL
CLOCK
AD9857 capable dBc/Hz (AOUT MHz, kHz) residual phase noise performance when internal reference clock multiplier bypassed, degraded slightly reference clock multiplier used. phase noise jitter performance AD9857 essentially determined quality external reference clock, which fixed frequency source that highly optimized. Jitter under should attainable. tuning resolution AD9857 determined 32-bit FTW. This gives frequency step size about 0.047 with system clock rate MHz. serial control AD9857 operates MHz, which allows rapid tuning word updates, providing good frequency agility. Using AD9857 single-tone frequency source other critical applications makes sense even don't avail yourself data modulation capabilities. take advantage industryleading 14-bit output leading-edge performance even need single-tone DDS.
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www.analog.com/bulletins/comms Images Obtain Higher Frequency Output from AD9857
AD9857 maximum sample rate MSPS. This means that generated output frequencies must chosen within Nyquist bandwidth, more than one-half sample rate. practice, because alias filters perfectly rectangular, maximum usable frequency more like sample rate, AD9857, often higher output frequency than this desired. output AD9857 could heterodyned desired frequency employing mixer/ local oscillator/filter combination. some cases, however, frequency operation above Nyquist bandwidth easily achieved selecting filtering images fundamental output from AD9857. This technique makes spectral characteristics sampled data system, shown following diagram.
NYQUIST BANDWIDTH
SIN(X)/X ENVELOPE
SIGNAL AMPLITUDE
fOUT Fundamental
fCLOCK fOUT
Image
fCLOCK fOUT
Image
2fCLOCK 2fCLOCK fOUT
Image
3fCLOCK fOUT
Image
Nyquist Limit
fCLOCK
2fCLOCK fOUT
Image
3fCLOCK
general, images exhibit significantly poorer noise characteristics than does fundamental. However, excellent linearity AD9857's 14-bit DAC, first second image still meet system requirements. image, select appropriate sample frequency fundamental output frequency create image desired frequency. Then, bandpass filter output from AD9857 select desired image. Remember, numbered image used, modulation spectrum inverted with respect fundamental output. This compensated selecting spectral invert AD9857.
CENTER SPAN
figure left shows first image GMSK modulated signal produced AD9857. sample rate fundamental carrier MHz. first image selected. seen from superimposed mask, this signal easily meets requirements.
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Enabling Flexible Wireless Broadband Base Station Systems
Within baseband modem base station system, engineers have faced age-old trade-off performance versus flexibility. ASIC design provided highest performance very flexible high-risk item. traditional would provide flexibility performance. static-superscaler DSP, like TigerSHARC, breaks this curve providing performance required broadband Wireless Internet access programmable processor.
Several Features TigerSHARC Enable this Performance/Flexibility: Scalable Performance. processor capable performing eight 16-bit multiple accumulate functions cycle, 8-bit operations clock cycle, 32-bit operations cycle. This enables system designs that scalable with data type. many algorithms such implementation Viterbi Equalizer, 8-bit math fine programmer take advantage running 8-bit functions every cycle. algorithms that require high precision, such smart antenna functions, processor provides 32-bit fixed- floating-point functions.
Glueless Multiprocessing. cellular base station systems, packing DSPs critical provide competitively dense systems. link ports TigerSHARC enable more dense base station board designs because there need additional components CLASS DSP: TigerSHARC enable transferring data between processors. This SEQUENCER course also reduces sysJ cost makes PROCESSOR design challenge easier. High Memory Integration. on-chip memory ADSP-TS001 TigerSHARC enables complete systems implemented processor. This again critical reducing system cost building densely packed systems.
128b 128b
CONTROLLER 128b COMP BLOCK MULT SHIFT 128b COMP BLOCK MULT SHIFT REGISTER FILE REGISTER FILE LINK PORTS 128b
COMPUTATION BLOCKS
EXTERNAL
High-Performance DMA. high data rate systems, data transfer key. critical provide architectural balance such that processor consume data without bottlenecks. 14-channel system integrated with TigerSHARC core. Time Market. compiler TigerSHARC enable rapid prototyping access technology bring that technology quickly market.
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TigerSHARC DSP.
heart system signal processing, both analog digital. Technologies techniques such direct intermediate-frequency (IF) sampling, direct digital down conversion, digital signal processing, reconfigurable logic enable more flexible base station design options today than were available secondgeneration systems. Using them, design engineer create infrastructure equipment that flexibility support needs service providers, performance throughput scalable infrastructure demand grows.
PROVIDES PERFORMANCE ASIC WITH FLEXIBILITY BASE STATIONS
WIRELESS BROADBAND
ASIC/ FPGA
PERFORMANCE
VALUE
TigerSHARC
WIRELESS
TRADITIONAL VALUE FLEXIBILITY
SoftCellChipset Enables Flexible Base Stations
SoftCell functionally complete IF-to-digital transceiver chipset that enables true "software radios" wireless infrastructure applications. Using same core hardware components, this programmable transceiver reconfigured adapt multiple interface standards. SoftCell perfect platform support flexibility emerging interface standards (IS95, EDGE, WBCDMA).
SOFTCELL MULTICARRIER TRANSCEIVER
ENABLING TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE RADIOS AD6644/ AD9433 MCPA AD9772A
RECEIVE SPECIFICATIONS 65MSPS SAMPLING 100dB DYNAMIC RANGE
SOFTCELL AD6624
QUAD
chipset provides multicarrier, multimode capabilities fraction cost traditional multichannel base stations. addition, "software radio" concept enables applications, such Smart Antenna systems, small "picocell" installations, Wireless LAN. provides receiver performance needed implement multicarrier digitizing radio many applications. Shifting channel tuning, filtering, demodulation digital domain allows flexibility support different interface standards, number channels, frequency plans with single radio design.
AD6622
QUAD
TRANSMIT SPECIFICATIONS 65MSPS SAMPLING 80dB DYNAMIC RANGE
APPLICATIONS
micro/picocell transceivers in-building wireless base stations wireless local loop systems software programmable base stations phased array antenna systems
Following ADC, digital Receive Signal Processor (RSP) performs channel tuning, filtering, decimation required provide baseband signals TigerSHARC DSP. AD6624 MSPS Quad Digital being developed support GSM, IS136, other narrowband standards. AD6624's four channels independently programmable change interface characteristics demand. AD6622 4-channel digital Transmit Signal Processor (TSP) that takes baseband inputs from TigerSHARC provides signal processing functions required drive AD9772A DAC. Each independent channel programmed provide desired channel filtering most interface standards.
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Maintaining Wide Dynamic Range Throughout Signal Chain
High-performance, wide dynamic range communications systems depend excellent distortion performance ensure error rates. Emerging converters drivers enabling entire class performance unachievable before. ensure that high-speed converter delivers every performance possible, wide dynamic range differential amplifier must.
ADI's family differential amplifiers delivers optimal performance when used with high-performance 14-bit ADCs DACs. AD8138, when used communications signal chain, will convert single-ended ground referenced signal differential signal that dramatically improve harmonic distortion performance. AD8138 also makes easier design active anti-aliasing filter where linear phase gain needed. comparison, transformer-based design performs very poorly near physical size transformer large.
Driving ADCs
AD8138 ideal driving ADCs with balanced low-impedance output common-mode level shift capability. High-speed ADCs require balanced differential input achieve lowest distortion. impedance drive ensures best performance. common-mode level-shift input AD8138 simplifies interfacing signals from mixers variable gain amplifiers that operate from different supplies. performance plot right demonstrates excellent distortion performance AD8138 when interfaced another product, AD9226 12-bit MSPS ADC.
AD8138 DRIVING AD9226
Buffering Outputs
AD8138 also excellent driver highperformance multicarrier transmitters. excellent performance amplifier band ensures excellent performance dBM. dBm/Hz spectral noise floor AD9772A needs excellent amplifier like AD8138 that provide nV/Hz (input referred) voltage noise performance. AD8138 also drive least output power into load.
0.0000 5.0000 10.0000 15.0000 20.0000 25.0000 30.5000
Parts
Description
Parts
Description
AD8132 AD8138 AD9226 AD6644
Cost Diff High Perf Diff 12-Bit MSPS 14-Bit 40/65 MSPS
AD8138 AD9754 AD9772A
High Perf Diff 14-Bit MSPS TxDAC 14-Bit MSPS Interpol
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More AD9772A AD9772A performance-enhanced upgrade popular AD9772 interpolation TxDAC improved design boasts lower noise floor dBc/Hz, better in-band performance more carriers design that reduces carrier phase noise When pooled together, transmit performance vastly improved, making AD9772A best choice multicarrier wideband cellular systems. improved noise floor performance produces overall improvement systems synthesizing larger band, lowering improving connection quality demanding broadband applications.
14-bit, MSPS with interpolation noise floor reduced dBC/Hz dBc/Hz improvement) enhanced low-phase noise PLL/clock multiplier performance 4-carrier GMSK system performance 24-carrier TDMA system ACPR performance systems power, small package 48-lead LQFP package
CLKCOM CLKVDD MOD0 MOD1 RESET PLLLOCK DIV0 DIV1
AD9772A
CLOCK DISTRIBUTION MODE SELECT FILTER CONTROL CONTROL CLOCK MULTIPLIER
PLLCOM PLLVDD
DIFFERENTIAL FILTER
IOUTA DATA INPUTS (DB13.DB0) EDGETRIGGERED LATCHES INTERPOLATION FILTER ZERO STUFF 14-BIT IOUTB 1.2V REFERENCE CONTROL REFIO FSADJ
AD8138
SLEEP
DCOM
DVDD
ACOM
AVDD
REFLO
APPLICATIONS
multicarrier base stations (Micro Pico GSM900, DCS/PCS1800, PCS800) base stations (UMTS, cdma2000) single-carrier base stations (GSM, Edge, IS-95, IS-136 wireless broadband communications systems cable back-haul, fiber networks
More AD9226
direct applications receive must have high input bandwidth well excellent distortion noise performance ensure that incoming signal accurately recovered. Compared traditional superheterodyne-based architectures, direct sampling offers significant advantages terms cost savings, flexibility, performance. AD9226 newest entry Analog Devices' line single supply, 12-bit ADCs specifically designed meet needs direct sampling digital receivers processors (RSPs). supporting high sampling rates MSPS) high input bandwidths, these RSPs matched critical communications standard rates MHz). These parts provide unmatched performance industry, making them suitable wide range other com5V munication applications. wide full-power bandwidth MHz)
AD8138 15pF VINB VINA CAPT
single supply operation pin-compatible speed grades available outstanding SFDR Nyquist
AD9226
CAPB
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ADI's High-Performance Cable Modem Line Drivers Combat Distortion Delivery Transmit Power
"Broadband Revolution" been launched. Advanced modulation techniques have been developed send high-speed data down "last mile" pipe into home. These modulation techniques, whether twisted pair phone lines CATV cable, place high demands front-end circuitry, particularly line driver. line attenuation, line driver must deliver considerable power line reach furthest customer. And, must without distorting signal receiver circuit other trouble discriminating between data noise line. developed broadest line high-performance broadband line drivers available market today, making leader broadband revolution.
First Line Driver Deliver Full-Rate ADSL Upstream
Until now, designing xDSL modem meant including dc-dc converter just power line driver with more. there's AD8018, xDSL line driver from Analog Devices. AD8018 dual, high-speed, low-cost amplifier capable driving distortion signals within supply rail. AD8018 intended single-supply xDSL systems where distortion cost essential, maximum reach line must attained with minimum supply voltages. Each amplifier drives minimum output current while maintaining SFDR kHz, which outstanding performance xDSL application. AD8018 available with flexible standby shutdown modes. Two-bit control (1.5 threshold referenced DGND) will AD8018 into full-power, standby (outputs shutdown (outputs high Fabricated ADI's high-speed XFCB process, high bandwidth (130 MHz) fast slew rate (370 AD8018 keep distortion minimum, while dissipating minimum power. quiescent current AD8018 mA/amplifier max. distortion, high-output voltage drive, high-output current drive small packages (8-lead SOIC 14-lead TSSOP) make AD8018 ideal low-cost USB, PCMCIA, customer premise equipment ADSL, SDSL, VDSL, proprietary xDSL systems. minimum output drive current distortion SFDR into power supply range Vp-p differential)
APPLICATIONS
xDSL USB, PCI, PCMCIA cards consumer modems twisted pair line driver
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Innovative Broadband Solutions Industry's Choice Leading-Edge, Competitive Cable Modem Designs
Over half broadband modems linecards shipping today depend ADI's high-performance line drivers. look reference designs leading chipset manufacturers cable ADSL markets shows that line drivers' superior features overall lower solutions cost changing industry. first DOCSIS-certified cable modems relied CATV line driver. dramatically reduced power dissipation AD8016 enables higher port density linecards required roll cost-effective xDSL services. addition, continue benchmark power efficiencies while delivering no-compromise ADSL rates. enabling technology exploding market needs keep pushing performance boundaries. from company-the world's largest supplier industry-leading analog ICs-Analog Devices.
APPLICATIONS
central office (CO) line driver customer premise equipment (CPE) line driver
Developed Industry's Lowest-Distortion xDSL Line Driver Design World's Highest-Density Line Card
AD8016 drives full-rate ADSL downstream while dissipating just Plus added very flexible power-down feature, allowing optimize AD8016 power your chosen xDSL standard. with distortion, you're achieving superior "reach" lower power dissipation lower cost than alternative solutions. AD8016 available 20-lead PSOP, 24-lead SOIC, 28-lead TSSOP packages.
Broadband CATV Line Drivers
AD8322 AD8323 broadband CATV line drivers optimized provide cable modem market with high-performance, low-cost solution reverse-path data transmission interactive digital cable terminals, such cable data modems CATV set-top boxes. AD8322 AD8323 have been designed interface with leading industry chipsets help OEMs only meet, exceed performance requirements MCNS/DOCSIS. AD8322 features coarse output power adjustment step over range, combined with modem chipsets that include fine-step AD8322 AD8323 WORST HARMONIC DISTORTION MAXIMUM GAIN OUTPUT LEVELS dBmV INTO attenuator provide extended gain range. With range 0.75 step size, AD8323 exceeds output power control requirements DOCSIS. Both products 60dBmV 58dBmV operate from single supply fea56 ture power-down capability.
DISTORTION
FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY
WORLD'S NUMBER BRAND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANALOG ICs.
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Challenges High-Speed Switch Arrays
Reducing Power Power reduction common theme most equipment designers more functionality given footprint, cannot afford space consumed heat sinks, power supplies, cooling fans. Driving Backplane- Driving backplane often difficult parasitics coupled with distance high-speed signal must travel. order preserve signal, various termination schemes utilized backplane transmission.
Newest Member ADI's
Switch Family
Analog Devices developed AD8151, Gb/s digital crosspoint switch targeted Datacom, Telecom, Optical networking applications (Gigabit Ethernet, OC-48). high-performance crosspoint switch that only uses less power than other solution, drive backplane directly. AD8151's current mode output programmable from allowing device drive variety termination schemes while maintaining desired output voltage levels.
Analog Devices Your Digital Switch?
It's natural analog experts solution route bits. These digital bits have rise fall times pico-second range being transmitted Gb/s. Signal integrity issues often become time-domain analog problems. Phenomena such "crosstalk" analog domain cause "jitter" digital domain. years experience solving these high-frequency analog problems. Therefore, better than provide with highest performance solutions your high-speed data routing needs?
Revolutionary Benefits AD8151
AD8151 allows develop switching routing equipment, which affordable lower data rates including Mb/s, performance allow upgrades Gb/s, reducing forklift replacement entire rack. manufacturer offers switch solution that affordable enough used sub-1 GB/s data rates performance meet Gb/s data rates. AD8151's minimum data rate Gb/s port allows overhead above standard Gb/s OC-48 standard forward error correction (FEC). Using proprietary circuit architecture (patent pending) AD8151 offers lowest power switching solution. switch core power 1/25th that nearest competitor (see below). This allows utilize low-cost standard packaging (184 Lead LQFP). Also, unlike most alternative switch ICs, does require costly heat sinks. With lower power dissipation router manufacturers offer even larger arrays, more functionality same power footprint since less space required cooling apparatus.
SWITCH CORE POWER
mWATT SWITCH POINT
6.4mW
4.4mW
Size Core ISUPPLY Core Power Core Power/pt*
AD8151 0.03 0.18 mW/pt
Competitor 2.25 mW/pt
Competitor 17.8 mW/pt
*per point used normalize power numbers
0.18mW COMPETITOR COMPETITOR AD8151
AD8151 utilizes ADI's proprietary BiCMOS process. Further power savings realized, since logic circuitry CMOS technology, whereas most other vendors depend exclusively GaAs, which power hungry logic circuitry use.
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Feature Power (see chart below) Benefit Standard Packaging/Lower Cost Heat Sink (Reduces Cost) Larger Arrays (Future) Standard/Low Cost Pins Periphery Eases Signal Routing Bigger Arrays Higher Speed Affordable Lower Data Rate Designs (<2.5 Gb/s) Achieved? Proprietary Circuit Architecture BiCMOS Process Technology -Manufacturable -Cost Effective Power Thermal Packaging Techniques Design Process Design Mainstream Silicon Process Standard Packaging
LQFP Packaging Scalable Architecture Future Developments Cost
AD8151 Architecture Features
Fully Differential Reduces crosstalk jitter. Output Current mode output stage. High speed. Symmetric. Determined external pull-ups. Easily disabled allowing output busing data rates system power savings. Programmable Output Current Flexibility output swings, transmission line impedance AD8151 termination schemes. BiCMOS Switch Core-High pack33 density, power along with OUTPUT LOW-POWER CURRENT BUFFERS prop delay jitter. 1SET REFERENCE Low-Power Input Buffers input capacitance independent fanout without power penalty. OUTP Dual Rank Latches Allows DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH presetting array configuration MATRIX (Rank1) entire array updated OUTN when Rank1 latch written into Rank2 latch. Rank2 latch read back from control interface ADDRESS verify switch configuration. DECODER Further power savings realized, since logic circuitry utilizes CMOS technology.
LOGIC TRANSLATORS LOGIC TRANSLATORS CURRENT MODE OUTPUT BUFFERS WITH DISABLE LOGIC TRANSLATORS FIRST RANK LATCH SECOND RANK LATCH INPUT DECODERS
2.5Gb/s SWITCH ARRAYS POWER OUTPUT ALTERNATIVE CROSSPOINT SWITCHES
Package, Channel, Pricing Availability
AD8151 packaged 184-lead LQFP package over extended temperature range 25°C 85°C. Budgetary pricing $135 1,000 unit volumes. Production quantities expected available January 2001 through authorized distributors direct sales offices.
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WORLD'S NUMBER BRAND HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANALOG ICs.
www.analog.com/bulletins/comms
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