Bill Milus ABSTRACT This report reference design engineers inexpe

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Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
Bill Milus
ABSTRACT This report reference design engineers inexperienced with multivoltage devices using Altera 2.5-V 1.8-V multivoltage APEX 20K/20KE FLEX 10KE field-programmable gate array (FPGA) products.
Power Management
Contents Introduction APEX Core Voltage Requirements Multivolt Device Issues Recommendations APEX FLEX Series Altera FPGAs. Load Current Estimation. Formulas Assumptions. Estimated Internal Core External Switching Currents 4.2.1 Internal (Core) Currents. 4.2.2 Load Switching Currents. Supply Voltage Regulator Options. Linear Regulators. Inductive Switching Regulators Inductive Switching Power-Supply Module. Solutions. Linear Regulators. Switching Regulators-3 Amps Higher. Power Modules (Power Trends) Summary. Tables FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/20KE Core Voltage Requirements Estimated Internal Current Draw EPF10KE EP20K/20KE Families. Estimated External Load Switching Currents Linear Regulators Dual Output 250-mA LDOs Power-Supply Controllers Input Switching Power-Supply Modules
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Introduction
Many devices such DSPs, microprocessors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) designed consume minimal power while still providing very high performance cost. They achieve this using geometrically smaller-scale on-chip circuitry. These smaller geometries need lower operating voltages but, correct operation, they frequently require multivoltage power-supply support. Texas Instruments complete line power-supply devices suitable most current Altera APEX FPGA families. This application report discusses following topics concerning APEX 20K/20KE FLEX 10KE families: Core requirements Issues associated with multivoltage components estimate load currents, ICC(INT) ICC(IO) Options supply voltage regulation TI-recommended solutions power management
APEX Core Voltage Requirements
APEX 20K/20KE FLEX 10KE family core- I/O-supply-voltage requirements summarized Table core voltage listed required correct internal operation. required voltage more flexible depends particular needs system interface. APEX FLEX devices support tolerant I/Os well many different output types such LVTTL, CMOS, LVDS, PCI, LVPECL, SSTL, HSTL, AGP, GTL, GTL+, CTT. Table FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/20KE Core Voltage Requirements
DEVICE EPF10KE EPF10KS EPF20K EPF20KE VCC(INT) VCC(IO) 3.3, 3.3, 3.3, 3.3, 2.5,
Multivolt Device Issues
Smaller feature sizes driving need dual-voltage-rail ICs. When designing with these types components, aware potential issues such latch-up device electrical stressing. Latch-up occur when device operates voltage range that brings about functional uncertainties, putting part) device into unknown state. example card insertion when card plugged into active system before power supply
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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provide current device's ground planes. this situation, larger-than-normal currents present device because creation low-impedance paths from ground, which lead electrical damage device failure. Electrical overstressing also occur when incorrect power sequencing down occurs between different power rails. multirail devices, differing voltages present possibility higher voltages being placed gates drivers I/O. Internal parasitic structures conduct, reinforcing themselves until potentially destructive conductive currents produced. These higher voltages across other pins lead abnormal stresses being placed oxide levels device. effect potentially long-term reliability problems. Such conditions avoided issues understood correct design techniques used, including: Understanding characteristics other components system, well system power management control implemented Correct power-up power-down sequencing core I/Os Correct device power ramp Meeting special conditions recommendations device
Recommendations APEX FLEX Series Altera FPGAs
following points provide guidance application APEX FLEX devices: core (VCC(INT)) planes (VCC(IO)) Altera FPGAs powered order. must rise monotonically reach correct operating level within Slower rise times cause incorrect device initialization functional failure. 10KE FLEX devices, ensure that STATUS CONF_DONE pullup resistors connected same voltage configuration device. This avoids driving signals into configuration device that powered. Devices driven before power with damage device. Devices that support hot-socketing damaged pins driven before device powered Devices drive before during power pins held high-impedance state during power configuration. Devices that support hot-socketing cause contention driving during power Signal pins drive VCC(IO) VCC(INT) power supplies. There current path I/O, dedicated input, dedicated clock pins VCCIO VCCINT pins before during power therefore these devices cannot powered through pins.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Load Current Estimation
Load current estimates derived from graphs contained 1999 Altera data book summarized each Altera FPGA family devices (Tables These values typical powering device cores. obtain most accurate estimate, consult Altera data book derive estimate based design requirements, using power estimation equations provided. Altera recommends following steps: Estimate power consumption application using power estimation formula provided each data sheet. Calculate maximum power device package. Verify that estimate falls below maximum power value.
Formulas Assumptions
Power consumption consists power used internally maintain device standby switching logic elements (collectively, PINT) which draw from plane, power used actively switching output loads, PIO(OUT). Internal power easily related current draws from VCC:
PINT PIOOUT (ICC (STANDBY ACTIVE PIO(OUT
ICC(ACTIVE) depends switching frequency, number logic elements used, K-factors unique that family, fraction logic elements switching time. This dominant contributor core power usage. Under no-load conditions, ICC(STANDBY) maximum value under load, values found individual device data sheets. This current very small compared ICC(ACTIVE) ignored estimating.
power usage switching output loads, PIO(OUT), depends characteristics output loads switching frequency. power dissipated buffers maintain steady-state outputs, PDC(OUT), must added power used switching other frequentlyswitched output loads, PAC(OUT). steady-state component PDC(OUT) relatively small compared power used load switching when output loads capacitive CMOS inputs. such situations, PDC(OUT) ignored estimating; otherwise, contributions from steady-state outputs, logic levels they drive, resistive load each output must included. only CMOS inputs being driven, there steady-state loads Equation simplifies:
PINT PIOOUT ACTIVE PIO(OUT
following equations apply estimating current drains switching internal logic elements output loads, respectively, APEX 20K/20KE FLEX 10K/10KE FPGAs:
ACTIVE fmax
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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(OUT
CavgVmax
symbols these equations have following meaning:
Cavg fmax nout Vmax
Percentage output loads toggling each clock cycle Percentage logic elements toggling each clock cycle Average capacitative load outputs Maximum operating frequency toggle frequency Charge used single logic element switch state Constant Total number logic elements array Total number output bidirectional pins Maximum output voltage
Values device dependent found individual Altera data sheets particular device question.
Estimated Internal Core External Switching Currents
Internal core external switching currents were estimated based following assumptions approximations: Output capacitative loads Percentage outputs instantaneously switching Average percentage internal elements toggling each clock 12.5. There >85% usage internal logic elements and/or macros device. Single core clock frequencies were selected generate ICC(INT) data. estimating ICC(ACTIVE), standby currents were omitted. estimating IIO(OUT), dc-component IDC(OUT) ignored because estimates capacitive loads.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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4.2.1 Internal (Core) Currents
estimated internal (core) currents four frequencies shown Table EPF10KE EP20K/20KE devices.
Table
Estimated Internal Current Draw EPF10KE EP20K/20KE Families
VCC(INT) EP10KE EPF10K30E EPF10K50E EPF10K100E EPF10K100B EPF10K130E EPF10K200E EPF10K200S EP20K/20KE EP20K60E EP20K100 EP20K100E EP20K160E EP20K200 EP20K200E EP20K300E EP20K400 EP20K400E EP20K600E EP20K1000E EP20K1500E 2560 4160 4160 6400 8320 8320 11520 16640 16640 24320 38400 51840 1014 1369 1477 1536 2074 1030 2215 1459 2304 3110 1728 2880 4992 4992 6656 9984 9984 NUMBER LOGIC ELEMENTS CURRENT (mA) CURRENT( CURRENT (mA) CURRENT (mA)
4.2.2 Load Switching Currents
APEX FLEX series have user-selectable support LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2, SSTL3, GTL+, AGP, CTT, LVDS interface standards. simplicity, these calculations based using LVTTL I/Os with 3.3-V levels 66-MHz clock. Using other types significantly increase load switching current values shown Table
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Table
EP10K EPF10K30E EPF10K50E EPF10K100E EPF10K100B EPF10K130E EPF10K200S EP20K EP20K60E EP20K100 EP20K100E EP20K160E EP20K200/200E EP20K300E EP20K400/400E EP20K600E EP20K1000E EP20K1500E Fine line TQFP TQFP
Estimated External Load Switching Currents
PQFP PQFP PQFP PQFP 1020
Supply Voltage Regulator Options
Power supply core requires 3.3-V, 2.5-V times 1.8-V regulator. Depending system requirements, cost time market, solution linear regulator, switching regulator, switching power-supply module. Trade-offs linear- switching-regulator power supplies outlined following.
Linear Regulators
Sometimes linear voltage regulators most cost effective terms total system cost. They should used when: Board space critical. output noise important (EMI ripple). Efficiency critical. Simplicity design preferred. Only medium output currents needed.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Fast responses inputs transients required. application step-down.
typical applications, linear regulator requires input capacitor reduce effects trace inductance noise present input low-drop-out regulator (LDO). This usually placed close possible regulator input pin. also requires output capacitor handle system transient response stability. size effective series resistance (ESR) affect both stability under load ability respond transients caused rapid changes load current. size this input capacitor must adjusted according required system accuracy. high frequency applications, small ceramic bypass capacitor output recommended help reduce high frequency noise. Some more recent members family linear regulators from offer flexibility allowing user select capacitor type (small size, ESR) address system needs. times, lower- higher-valued capacitors placed parallel deal with fast transient current spikes better reduce overall ESR. Additional functions such on/off control (enable) under-voltage detection (voltage supervisors) have been integrated on-chip available certain families from Dual output devices available medium- high-output currents available, too.
Inductive Switching Regulators
Switching supplies known have excellent efficiency, their output noisy. This degrades regulation performance which, times, critical, especially when powering analog circuits. Inductive switching regulators should used when: Efficiency critical 95%). application wide input voltage range. Larger output currents required. Board space major concern. Cost secondary issue. application stepup, stepdown, inverting. Noise major concern.
Switching regulator solutions require inductors, input capacitors, output capacitors dc-dc conversion. ac-dc conversion, isolation transformers with rectification required. TI/Unitrode line PWMs provides solutions these types applications, they covered this report.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Inductive Switching Power-Supply Module
Power-supply modules complete dropin power supplies Power Trends (acquired late 1999). Most dc-dc converters with various options available each module family group. They should used when: There limited design resources. time market critical. Prototyping being done. following requirements, which provided inductive switchers, needed: Efficiency critical: 95%. applications wide input voltage range. High output currents required. Board space critical issue. application step-up, step-down, inverting. Noise major concern.
Solutions
Linear Regulators
Tables summarize linear regulators from that support output currents from Although there many possible solutions same output current, subfamilies focus other parameters that critical different applications, such noise, high PSRR, fast transient response.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Table
IOUT (mA) Max. Supply Current TPS760XX TPS770XX 13.5 DEVICE TPS761XX TPS769XX TPS763XX TPS764XX TPS765XX 13.5
Linear Regulators
OPTIONS 3.2, 3.3, 3.8, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.8, 3.3, 3.2, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.3, 2.5, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 1.5, 1.8, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 4.8, 3.3, 4.8, 3.3, 4.8, 4.8, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, 3.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, 3.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, 3.3, 2.8, 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, 3.3, 3.3, 2.5, 1.2, 1.5, 2.1, COMMENTS SOT-23, with shut down SOT-23, with shut down, SOT-23, with shut down SOT-23, with shutdown, SOT-23, with shut down SOT-23, with shut down SOIC-8, with shut down
+150 TPS74XX UCC386/87/8 TPS766XX
13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5
SO-8, Enable, 1-µF capacitor stability TSSOP SOIC-8, with shut down, stable with capacitor Adjustable down 9.75 9.75V 9.75V, HTSSOP Package 9.75V, With SVS, With With SVS, With
TPS72XX TPS71XX TPS71HXX TPS7333 TPS775XX TPS776XX TPS777XX TPS778XX TPS767XX TPS768XX UCC381-X UCC383-X UC382-X UC385-X Adjustable
1000 1000 1000 3000 3000 5000
Adjustable from PowerPad package, Cap. Adjustable from PowerPad package, Cap. 1.25 8.85 1.25 8.85
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Table
DEVICE TPS707XX TPS701XX TPS73HD3xx TPS767D3XX Adjustable IOUT1/IOUT2 (mA) 250/125 500/250 750/250 1000/1000
Dual Output 250-mA LDOs
OPTIONS 3.3/2.5, 3.3/1.8, 3.3/1.5, 3.3/1.2 3.3/2.5,3.3/1.8, 3.3/1.5,3.3/1.2 3.3, 2.5, 3.3/Adj.,3.3/2.5, 3.3/1.8 COMMENTS TSSOP-20 PowerPad package, power sequencing control chip, SVS. TSSOP-20 PowerPad package, power sequencing control chip, SVS. Dual, with Dual with SVS, PowerPad package, capacitor
Switching Regulators-3 Amps Higher
offers number high-current switching regulator solutions. These include current mode, voltage mode, synchronous hysteretic controllers, well number PWMs from TI/Unitrode families. sample various devices listed Table Table
DEVICE TL5001A UCC3585 TPS5102 TPS5602 TPS5103 TPS56XX TPS56100 TPS56300 IOUT RANGE Dual, switcher output.
Power-Supply Controllers
RANGE OPTIONS 1.25 Down 1.3V 5.0, 3.3, 2.5, 1.8, Down 5.0, 3.3, 2.5, 1.8, 5.0, 3.3, 2.5, 1.8, COMMENTS Released 2h00 Dual output skip Dual output, hysteretic control ripple PWM, skip, hysteretic Hysteretic, single output Hysteretic, single output Ideal power split rail, sequencing board with programmable slowstart; second output LDO.
Adjustable
Power Modules (Power Trends)
modules listed Table Power Trend 3.3-V input devices. There other modules listed that support input voltages output voltages Table Input Switching Power-Supply Modules
DEVICE PT550x PT6405 PT650x/20 PT660x PT670x PT770x PT771x PT7777 IOUT RANGE only OPTIONS
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Summary
Advanced technologies have made available small device geometries that need lower operating voltages usually also require multiple-voltage power-supply regulation. These requirements becoming increasingly common correct operation many digital signal processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), general-purpose microprocessors. FPGA solutions differ radically from design design, making difficult predict current consumption. This application report focused Altera FLEX 10KE series APEX 20K/20KE series FPGAs. Using simple design example, attempted provide design engineer with first-cut estimate currents these devices draw. report also discussed potential issues such latch-up device overstressing associated with multivoltage components. presented variety power-supply solutions, including linear regulators inductive switching regulators from TI/Unitrode, inductive switching power-supply modules from TI/Powertrends.
Power-Supply Solutions Multivolt Altera FLEX 10KE APEX 20K/KE FPGAs
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Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated SSYZ010L

Bill Milus ABSTRACT This report reference design engineers inexpe

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