What with Expander? Expander also used monitor switches and/or se

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What with Expander? Expander also used monitor switches and/or se

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AN245
What with Expander?
Expander also used monitor switches and/or sensors, drive LEDs and/or relays, well other general-purpose functions. Expander have several uses variety applications. Typical applications include high-side MOSFET loadswitch drivers power-management systems keyboards.
Interfacing MCP23016 Expander With PIC16F877A
INTRODUCTION
This application note describes PIC16F877A I2Cmaster communicate with Microchip MCP23016 Expander slave device. Expander device used increase capability microcontroller (refer Figure microcontroller's port used communication channel with MCP23016(s) expand microcontroller's count. using pins (and general-purpose pin, using interrupt capability MCP23016), general-purpose I/Os gained. MCP23016 three address pins which used provide unique addresses eight devices. Each device attached must assigned unique address unless devices (with same address) receiving same data transmit data. When master initiates data transfer, address slave device transmitted. Within address, (R/W bit) specifies whether master reads from, writes slave. write operations, series bytes would transmitted from master. read operations, master waits free (i.e., line pulled low) then clocks data received from slave.
Specification
This application note does discuss specification detail. Refer following documents (www.microchip.com) more information specification implementation: AN578, "Use Module MultiMaster Environment", DS00578. AN735, "Using PICmicro MSSP Module Master Comm", DS00735. AN736, Network Protocol Environmental Monitoring", DS00736. MCP23016 Datasheet, DS20090. complete specifications, refer Philips®/Signetics® document, "The It".
FIGURE
BLOCK DIAGRA
PICmicro® Master
I2CPort
I2Cbus
Relays
MOSFETs, LEDs, Displays, etc. Keypad
(optional)
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP23016
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INITIATING TERMINATING DATA TRANSFER
During times data transfer (idle time), both lines pulled high pull-up resistors. master device takes control during idle generating START condition. START defined high-to-low transition when high. When master completed data, releases generating STOP condition. STOP defined low-to-high transition while high. Because START STOP conditions defined transitions when line high, line only change when during actual data transmission. Figure shows relationship between various conditions. REPEATED-START condition (Figure generated master maintain control while switching between write mode read mode and/or while multi-master environments. generate REPEATED-START, both start low. then asserted high, followed being asserted high. Finally, asserted while high.
Addressing MCP23016 Expander
devices addressed different modes: 10-bit addressing 7-bit addressing modes. MCP23016 uses 7-bit addressing, shown Figure Figure Therefore, this application note will only using 7-bit addressing mode. understand MCP23016 works, refer MCP23016 datasheet, DS20090.
FIGURE
7-BIT ADDRESS MCP23016
FIGURE
7-BIT ADDRESS FORMAT
Slave Address
Sent Slave
FIGURE
START STOP CONDITIONS
Start Condition Read/Write Acknowledge
Start Condition Change Data Allowed Change Data Allowed
Stop Condition
FIGURE
REPEATED-START CONDITION
Falling edge ninth clock Xmit
Repeated START
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WRITING MCP23016 EXPANDER
During write mode (Figure data transmitted bytes, with limit number bytes transmitted data transfer. After each byte, slave (receiver) generates acknowledge (ACK) pulling line low. slave doesn't acknowledge slave address received data, master aborts transfer. Whether generated not, line must released slave master generate STOP condition. protocol used communicate with MCP23016 simple write operation. First, START condition generated, followed slave address with LSb=0 (R/W=0). command byte then transmitted (the command byte like address pointer. gives address register written to). This followed first data byte which written first byte register pair addressed command byte. Finally, second data byte written second byte register pair. This followed more data byte pairs STOP condition. Although writing data from master slave very simple, some safeguards need implemented. ensure proper functioning device, follow master writing sequence flowchart, shown Figure
Note:
delay required after every clock allow MCP23016 time process contents SDA. This addition hold times MCP23016 require (See Figure
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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FIGURE
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held until data processed DATA VALID tGPV0 VALID DATA GPV1
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Address
Data Command Byte Data R/W=0
Data
TYPICAL I2CWRITE TRANSMISSION FORMAT
Data
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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FIGURE MASTER WRITING SEQUENCE FLOWCHART
Wait I2Cbus Idle: (Note ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Start Issue START condition: SSPCON2,SEN
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Address Load SSPBUF with MCP23016 address (lsb=0) Note master needs wait idle indicate that MSSP module finished last task. SSPIF interrupt could used instead wait idle (the interrupt used this application note). delay inserted, stated MCP23016 datasheet. delay inserted, lead malfunction MCP23016. This could caused either receiving false data locking together. NACK issued slave-transmitter that master wants stop receiving data from NACK received slavetransmitter, will reset internal state machine following STOP REPEATED-START. This would cause MCP23016 lock
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Command Load SSPBUF with Command byte point register written Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Data1 Load SSPBUF with Data1
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Data2 Load SSPBUF with Data2
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Stop Issue STOP condition: SSPCON2,PEN
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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READING FROM MCP23016 EXPANDER
FIGURE
Address
TYPICAL READ TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION FORMAT
R/W=0 Command Byte
held until data processed Data from register Data from register
Address
R/W=0
held until data processed
When master receiving data during read mode (Figure generates acknowledge signal each received byte data except last byte. signal data slave-transmitter, master generates "not acknowledge" (NACK) condition (ACK=1). This very important proper functioning read mode. slave then releases line master generate STOP condition. slave needs delay transmission next byte, hold line force master into wait state. Data transfer continues when slave releases line. This allows slave move received data fetch data needs transfer before allowing clock start again. This wait state technique also implemented level. protocol used communicate with MCP23016 read operation follows: START condition generated, followed slave address with LSb=0 (R/W=0 indicate write condition). command byte then transmitted (the command byte like address pointer. gives address register read from). This followed REPEATEDSTART condition. slave address transmitted again with LSb=1 (R/W=1 indicate read condition). master waits slave release before beginning clock first data byte. After receiving first data byte, master waits again released before clocking second data byte. This followed more data bytes long master keeps acknowledging after each data byte. last data byte, master needs generate NACK before issuing STOP REPEATED-START condition.
Although reading data from slave master very simple, some safeguards need implemented. ensure proper functioning device, follow master reading sequence flowchart shown Figure
DS00245A-page
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN245
FIGURE MASTER READ SEQUENCE FLOWCHART
Wait I2Cbus Idle: (Note ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Start
Issue start condition: SSPCON2,SEN
Address Write
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note
Load SSPBUF with MCP23016 address (lsb=0)
Command
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Load SSPBUF with Command byte point register written Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note
Issue repeated start condition: SSPCON2,RSEN
Address Read
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note
Load SSPBUF with MCP23016 address (lsb=1)
Note master needs wait idle indicate that MSSP module finished last task. SSPIF interrupt could used instead wait idle (the interrupt used this application note). delay inserted, stated MCP23016 datasheet. delay inserted, lead malfunction MCP23016. This could caused either receiving false data locking together. NACK issued slave-transmitter that master wants stop receiving data from NACK received slavetransmitter, will reset internal state machine following STOP REPEATED-START. This would cause MCP23016 lock
Re-Start
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note Data1
receive enable SSPCON2,RCEN
Read SSPBUF Continued next page
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FIGURE MASTER READ SEQUENCE FLOWCHART (CONTINUED)
Continued previous page
Wait I2Cbus Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W equal zero Data1 (Continued)
Issue acknowledge: SSPCON2.ACKDT
Enable acknowledge sequence: SSPCON2.ACKEN
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SE=R/W=0 Then wait (Note
Receive Enable SSPCON2.RCEN
Read SSPBUF Data2
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait (Note
Issue not-acknowledge: (Note SSPCON2.ACKDT
Enable acknowledge sequence: SSPCON2.ACKEN
Wait Idle: ACKEN=RCEN=PEN=RSEN=SEN=R/W=0 Then wait Stop
Note master needs wait idle indicate that MSSP module finished last task. SSPIF interrupt could used instead wait idle (the interrupt used this application note). delay inserted, stated MCP23016 datasheet. delay inserted, lead malfunction MCP23016. This could caused either receiving false data locking together. NACK issued slave-transmitter that master wants stop receiving data from NACK received slavetransmitter, will reset internal state machine following STOP REPEATED-START. This would cause MCP23016 lock
Issue stop condition: SSPCON2,PEN
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AN245
INTERFACE CODE
this application, PIC16F877A provides MSSP module communication. firmware code this application written using Hi-Tech PICCC Compiler available Microchip's website (www.microchip.com). Table provides list source code files.
Master implementation
master device (PIC16F877A), upon completion internal power-up cycle, performs some basic peripheral variable initialization. module disabled, ports configured, MSSP module configured master mode with baud rate slew rate enabled CCP2 module configured interrupt falling edge. Once peripheral initialization completed, peripheral global interrupts enabled. small delay then introduced allow MCP23016 complete internal power-up cycle. Expander then initialized setting ports predefined values, changing direction port pins changing polarity. main code execution loop then entered (see Figure 11). main loop, Check_CCP_status() routine called, followed small delay. variables transmitted MCP23016. They then shifted right other left vice versa chaser light effect. When interrupt occurs CCP2 module, CCP2IF cleared software flag (see Figure 12). software flag used case interrupt occurring while master transmitting receiving, task being performed will finish before servicing interrupt. Check_CCP_status() checks software interrupt been set. flag set, code goes back "main". flag set, flag cleared GetNewValue() called (see Figure 13). GetNewValue() function that reads MCP23016 port values then displays them LEDs (see Figure 14). Then checks interrupt still low. low, code reads MCP23016 port values again. high, code goes back main loop. Refer Table description functions used source code.
TABLE
Filename 16chaser.c delay.c delay.h I2Crxtx.h pic.h I2Crxtx.h
MASTER SOURCE CODE FILES
Description Main code loop interrupt handler. Delay routines. Delay function prototypes. Hardware master routines PIC16F877A. Required compiler declarations. Hardware master function prototypes
CCP2 module PIC16F877A being used generate interrupt every falling edge MCP23016 interrupt pin.
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TABLE
C_init()
FUNCTIONS USED SOURCE CODE
Input None None None None None ack, acknowledge I2CWriteData, byte transmitted Start,address, Command, Data1, Data2,Stop None None None msec. sec. Output None None None None None Read data Description Initializes module master communication. Waits idle. Issues START condition. Issues REPEATED-START condition. Issues STOP condition. Enables Receive mode, reads received data from SSPBUF. ack=0, don't acknowledge ack=1, acknowledge Loads data transmitted slave, into SSPBUF. returns transmission acknowledged. Implements full write sequence from START STOP.
Functions
I2C_waitForIdle() I2C_start() I2C_repStart() C_stop() I2C_read(ack)
I2C_write(I2CWriteData)
NACK None
write_to_MCP(address,cmd ,data1,data2)
GetNewValue() interrupt isr() Check_CCP_status() DelayUs(x) DelayUsx(x) DelayMs(x) DelaySec(x)
None None None None None None None
Reads value from slave displays PORTB PORTD. Interrupt service routine module. Checks interrupt occurred and, calls GetNewValue(). Delay microseconds (used Delay.c only). Delay microseconds with number microseconds. Delay milliseconds with number milliseconds. Delay seconds with number seconds.
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FIGURE MAIN LOOP FLOWCHART
Initialize PIC16F877 Wait MCP23016 Initialize MCP23016 Registers I=1, J=128 While (I<=128) {check_CCP_status(); write MCP23016; DelayMs(100); Shift left; Shift right;} While (I<=1) {check_CCP_status(); write MCP23016; DelayMs(100); Shift right; Shift left;}
FIGURE
INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINE FLOWCHART
Return
CCP2IE=1 CCP2IF=1?
Clear Hardware Flag: PIR2, CCPIF2 Software Flag indicate that interrupt occurred Flags 0x01
FIGURE
CHECK_CCP_STATUS() SUB-ROUTINE FLOWCHART
Return
Flags=0x01?
Call GetNewValue() sub-routine
Clear Software Flag: Flags=0x00;
FIGURE
GETNEWVALUE() SUB-ROUTINE FLOWCHART
Save LSB_old, Save MSB_old
Read LSB, RC1=0 interrupt still set?)
DelayUs(250);
LSB_old=LSB: MSB_old=MSB;?
RC1=0 interrupt still set?)
Make PORTB=LSB; Make PORTD=MSB;
Return
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TEST BOARD
Appendix complete schematic diagram test board.
SUMMARY
When more ports needed microcontroller (e.g., keyboard, sensors, LEDs, relays, high-side MOSFET load-switch drivers, etc.), MCP23016 lowcost, simple solution. Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) embedded PIC16F877A, many PICmicro® devices, provide communication with MCP23016 16-bit Expander. This application note demonstrates interface MCP23016 with PIC16F877A, device protocol functions implement software. code used this application note will work with PICmicro microcontroller containing MSSP module. Some code modification necessary. MCP23016 also compatible with other MCUs that have modules. test board example (Appendix helps testing understanding MCP23016 Expander works.
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
AN245
APPENDIX EXPANDER TEST BOARD INTRODUCTION
Expander test board equipped with Microchip MCP23016 Expander slave device connected port interrupt (SDA, SCL, INT) PIC16F877A, which configured master.
PIC16F877A
PIC16F877A connected LEDs similar fashion MCP23016. PORTB used connected LEDs through switch PORTD used connected LEDs through switch
ADDRESS PINS
MCP23016 three hardware address pins that used allow eight MCP23016 devices same bus. MCP23016 address pins connected switch This done testing purposes allow change addresses using switch. These pins tied permanently high low.
Inputs Outputs
MCP23016
MCP23016 bidirectional I/Os (GP0.0GP0.7 GP1.0-GP1.7). Pins GP0.0 GP0.7 connected LEDs through Switch Pins GP1.0 GP1.7 connected LEDs through Switch This configuration allows pins either inputs outputs. only drawback with this configuration that makes pins active both inputs outputs (refer Figure Figure 17). However, this scheme makes more convenient testing. pins have pull-up resistors (RP1 RP2).
INTERRUPT
interrupt from MCP23016 tied capture input PIC16F877A (RC1/CCP2) pulled high using resistor (R98).
PINS
pins (SDA SCL) from devices connected together form bus. Both pulled high using resistors (R100 R101).
FIGURE
TEST BOARD CONNECTIONS
SWITCH
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS00245A-page
FIGURE
AN245
GP0.0 GP0.1 GP0.2 GP0.3 GP0.4 GP0.5 GP0.6 GP0.7 GP0.1 GP0.0
GP1.0
GP1.1
GP1.2
GP1.3
GP1.4
GP1.5
GP1.6
GP1.7 GP0.2
GP0.3
GP0.4
GP0.5
GP0.6 GP0.7
GP1.0
GP1.1
GP1.2
GP1.3
GP1.4
GP1.5
MCP23016 EXPANDER SCHEMATIC (SHEET
GP1.6
GP1.7
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS00245A-page
FIGURE
RD7_2 RD6_2 RD5_2 RD4_2 RD3_2 RD2_2 RD1_2 RB0_2 RD0_2 RB0_2 RB1_2 RB2_2 RB3_2 RB2_2 RB4_2 RB5_2 RB6_2 RB7_2 RB4_2 RB3_2 RB1_2
2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
OSC1_2 RB5_2 RB6_2 RB7_2 RD0_2 RD1_2 RD2_2 RD3_2 OSC1_2 RD4_2 RD5_2 RD6_2
MCP23016 EXPANDER SCHEMATIC (SHEET
RD7_2
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APPENDIX EXPANDER INTERFACE CODE
Master Firmware
master firmware initializes variables, ports, module, module module PIC16F877A, then waits MCP23016 Power-OnReset initialize Expanders registers. code enters infinite loop which checks CCP2 interrupt occurred, then transmits bytes ("i" "j") which implement "LED chaser" type pattern. interrupt occurs, code jumps interrupt subroutine which clears CCP2 interrupt flag (CCP2IF=0) sets software flag (Flags=0x01) that interrupt serviced later. When Check_CCP_status() routine called, checks software flag. software flag clear, code returns "main". software flag set, code jumps GetNewValue() routine which reads port values from slave device displays read values PORTB (LSB) PORTD (MSB). firmware setup read from write same address. possible have MCP23016 connected with another Expander device same address write both them same time. second MCP23016 with different address added with some code modification.
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
Note following details code protection feature Microchip devices: Microchip products meet specification contained their particular Microchip Data Sheet. Microchip believes that family products most secure families kind market today, when used intended manner under normal conditions. There dishonest possibly illegal methods used breach code protection feature. these methods, knowledge, require using Microchip products manner outside operating specifications contained Microchip's Data Sheets. Most likely, person doing engaged theft intellectual property. Microchip willing work with customer concerned about integrity their code. Neither Microchip other semiconductor manufacturer guarantee security their code. Code protection does mean that guaranteeing product "unbreakable."
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Information contained this publication regarding device applications like intended through suggestion only superseded updates. your responsibility ensure that your application meets with your specifications. representation warranty given liability assumed Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect accuracy such information, infringement patents other intellectual property rights arising from such otherwise. Microchip's products critical components life support systems authorized except with express written approval Microchip. licenses conveyed, implicitly otherwise, under intellectual property rights.
Trademarks Microchip name logo, Microchip logo, KEELOQ, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART, MATE PowerSmart registered trademarks Microchip Technology Incorporated U.S.A. other countries. FilterLab, microID, MXDEV, MXLAB, PICMASTER, SEEVAL Embedded Control Solutions Company registered trademarks Microchip Technology Incorporated U.S.A. Accuron, dsPIC, dsPICDEM.net, ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, ICEPIC, microPort, Migratable Memory, MPASM, MPLIB, MPLINK, MPSIM, PICC, PICkit, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PowerCal, PowerInfo, PowerTool, rfPIC, Select Mode, SmartSensor, SmartShunt, SmartTel Total Endurance trademarks Microchip Technology Incorporated U.S.A. other countries. Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP) service mark Microchip Technology Incorporated U.S.A. other trademarks mentioned herein property their respective companies. 2003, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed U.S.A., Rights Reserved.
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2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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What with Expander? Expander also used monitor switches and/or se

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