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AND8165/D Filtering Audio Interconnects
Background
continued ever-increasing integration more functions into personal electronic devices such cell phones made electronics manufacturers demand more integrated functions reduce part count save board space. Cell phone manufacturers have also driven component manufacturers produce more efficient parts increase battery life cell phones. Quite often though this done cost added sensitivity ESD. Concurrently, data rates clock speeds increase need filter Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) also needs resolved. Semiconductor NUF2441FC designed provide both protection filtering headset speaker phone lines cell phones with line losses. This dual function component reduces part count significant board space Flip-Chip package offer excellent performance cost.
Circuit Description
Figure Equivalent Discrete Pi-Filter Pinout CONFIGURATION
NUF2441FC dual line bidirectional pass filter with integrated protection single ended lines differential pair. Each filter comprised inductor Zener diodes. Each diode functions capacitor with equivalent capacitance series inductor typical equivalent series resistance 0.25 This resistance ideal audio circuit where line losses need kept minimum. capacitors this filter made back back Zener Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) diodes that offer protection both positive negative spikes. Figure shows equivalent circuit NUF2441FC. NUF2441FC rated compliance IEC61000-4-2 requirements both contact discharge. Zener diodes provide protection clamping nondestructive dissipating destructive energy ground. resulting Pi-Filter very Audio band insertion loss while having greater than rejection from with loads. NUF2441FC also offers great space savings integrating equivalent discrete components into Flip-Chip package (Figure
(Bump View)
Figure Package View NUF2441FC Functionality
NUF2441FC used number configurations cell phones needing filtering headset speaker phones. most common configurations include using filters differential pair mode single input output without ground reference single-ended mode with lines with common ground reference. speaker line protection NUF2441FC would placed after Audio Amplifier/Buffer before connector going speaker. differential mode applications where common ground present speaker shown Figure NUF2441FC connected outputs differential amplifier with output pins going speaker connector. Each line would then individually filtered protected against ESD.
Publication Order Number: AND8165/D
Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004
June, 2004 Rev.
AND8165/D
Vin+ Vin-
Audio Amplifier/Buffer
Speaker
NUF2441FC
Figure NUF2441FC Differential Mode Configuration with Speaker Output
When common ground used separate audio outputs each channel would connected filters with speaker return lines connected ground (Figure Each channel would have full protection even though return path unfiltered. This because
NUF2441FC uses bidirectional Transient Voltage Suppressors. Again, this means regardless whether positive negative, energy dissipated ground thus protecting more sensitive components.
Audio Amplifier/Buffer
NUF2441FC
Speakers
Figure NUF2441FC with Single-Ended Mode Speakers
Similarly, input from microphone protected from placing NUF2441FC after connector before receiving component (Figure This
added advantage also filtering that otherwise enter system.
Vout+ Vout-
Audio Amplifier/Buffer
Microphone
NUF2441FC
Figure NUF2441FC Differential Mode Configuration with Microphone Input
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AND8165/D
With greater than isolation between individual filters NUF2441FC also used protect both incoming outgoing audio seen Figure long microphone speaker share common ground each line protected filter.
Speaker
Audio Amplifier/Buffer
NUF2441FC
Microphone
Figure NUF2441FC with Single-Ended Mode Microphone Input Single-Ended Speaker Output Circuit Performance
NUF2441FC provides protection compliant IEC61000-4-2 both lines. Each line devices that result protection contact discharge. more information IEC61000-4-2 refer "EMI Filtering, Upstream Line Termination Protection Using STF202 Device". filtering requirements filters have main components. first range frequencies that filtered out. This band frequencies typically start ends GHz. reason this band frequencies important that cell phone frequencies (GSM) begins Bluetooth operates with many cell phone other communication bands between. next requirement much attenuate this band. Because sensitivity many components cell phones could work more than attenuation would preferred. signal that attenuated reduced power factor 1000. flip side filter Pass band. filter good does pass desired signal, this case, audio. insertion loss high more power needed drive speaker receiver with greater sensitivity needed acquire audio from microphone. audio band insertion loss equates better efficiency. limiting losses from filter, driver amplifiers need have output power much greater than necessary overcome filter losses deliver only desired power speaker. insertion loss also important
receiving signals from microphone. this case, receiving amplifier does need sensitive. Audio levels that otherwise attenuated level difficult receive would need receiver sensitive. Figure shows NUF2441FC very insertion loss audio band excellent rejection over rejection band. NUF2441FC could also used data transmission. Under loads filters have frequency (FC) MHz. This means NUF2441FC adequately filter protect from data clock line with rates MHz.
(S21) 1.0E+06 1.0E+07 1.0E+08 1.0E+09 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1.0E+10
Figure Insertion Loss NUF2441FC
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AND8165/D
Design Considerations
When used differential mode configuration (Figure both input output lines should remain parallel maintain proper impedances line lengths. line lengths become significantly different errors differential signal generated uncontrolled generated. ground bumps need shortest possible path analog ground ensure filter attenuates predictable manner.
NUF2441FC used single-ended mode (Figure input line when approaching filter output lines when leaving filter should each other. This helps minimizes crosstalk between lines. audio lines need share return path connecting with filters ground bumps analog ground.
Speaker Speaker Microphone Speaker
Din+
Din-
Speaker
Speaker Microphone
Speaker
Figure Proposed Layout Single-Ended Lines
Bibliography
Biancomano, Vincent, "Integrated Passives Chip Scale," EETimes, August 2003. Brooks, Douglas, "Rules Handling Differential Signals," EETimes, January 2002. Semiconductor Application Note AND8074/D. Semiconductor Application Note AND8026/D.
Dout+ Dout-
Figure Proposed Layout Differential Lines.
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