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TION VALUA SHEE OLLOW Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks
Top Searches for this datasheet19-4785; 11/98 TION VALUA SHEE OLLOW Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks Reduce Battery Size Cost Four Circuit Blocks Adjustable Boost DC-DC Converter NiCd/NiMH Trickle Charger Always-On Linear Regulator (+28V Input) Low-Battery Detector 18µA Quiescent Current Selectable Charging/Discharging Rates Preset Linear-Regulator Voltage (MAX1612) 3.3V (MAX1613) Main Input Voltage Range Internal Switch Boost Converter Small 16-Pin QSOP Package General Description MAX1612/MAX1613 manage bridge battery (sometimes called hot-swap auxiliary battery) portable systems such notebook computers. They feature step-up DC-DC converter that boosts 2-cell 3-cell bridge-battery voltages same level main battery. This voltage boosting technique reduces number cells otherwise required 6cell plus diode-OR bridging scheme, reducing overall size cost. Another feature trickle-charge timer that minimizes battery damage caused constant charging eliminates trickle-charge current drain main battery once bridge battery topped off. These devices contain highly flexible collection independent circuit blocks that wired together autonomous stand-alone configuration used conjunction with microcontroller. addition boost converter charge timer, there micropower linear regulator (useful RTC/CMOS backup well powering microcontroller) high-precision low-battery detection comparator. devices differ only preset linear-regulator output voltage: +5.0V MAX1612 +3.3V MAX1613. Both devices come space-saving 16-pin QSOP package. MAX1612/MAX1613 Ordering Information PART MAX1612EEE MAX1613EEE TEMP. RANGE -40°C +85°C -40°C +85°C PIN-PACKAGE QSOP QSOP Applications Notebook Computers Portable Equipment Backup Battery Applications Typical Operating Circuit VIEW MAIN BATTERY WALL ADAPTER Configuration ISET BBATT DC-DC OUTPUT PGND BBATT AUXILIARY BRIDGE BATTERY MAX1612 MAX1613 APPLICATION CIRCUIT MAX1630 +3.3V BBON DCMD MAX1612 MAX1613 DC-DC CONVERTER CCMD FULL VCPU QSOP Maxim Integrated Products free samples latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, phone 1-800-998-8800. small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769. Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS LRI, ISET GND.-0.3V +30V .-0.3V +14V PGND .-0.3V +0.3V BBATT, LRO, CCMD, DCMD, FULL, BBON, .-0.3V LBI, GND.-0.3V (VLRO 0.3V) LBI, ISET, BBATT Current.50mA Output Current .50mA Continuous Power Dissipation +70°C) QSOP (derate 8.30mW/°C above +70°C) 667mW Operating Temperature Range MAX1612/MAX1613EEE .-40°C +85°C Storage Temperature Range .-65°C +160°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) +300°C Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" cause permanent damage device. These stress ratings only, functional operation device these other conditions beyond those indicated operational sections specifications implied. Exposure absolute maximum rating conditions extended periods affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VLRI VISET 20V, CCMD DCMD BBON LRO, VBBATT TMIN TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values +25°C.) (Note PARAMETER Linear-Regulator Input Voltage Range Linear-Regulator Quiescent Current SYMBOL VLRI MAX1612 MAX1613 BBON ILRI DCMD BBON (boost converter 5.7V VLRI (MAX1612) VLRI (MAX1613) CONDITIONS UNIT Linear-Regulator Output Voltage VLRO ILRO 10mA Linear-Regulator Output Undervoltage Lockout Threshold BATTERY CHARGER ISET Leakage Current BBATT Leakage Current Charge-Switch Voltage Charge-Switch Loss Current LOW-BATTERY COMPARATOR Falling Trip Voltage Rising Trip Voltage Input Current LBO, FULL Output Leakage Current LBO, FULL Output Voltage Comparator Response Time VUVLO rising hysteresis 200mV 2.65 2.97 IISET(LEAK) VISET 28V, VBBATT IBBATT(LEAK) VISET 28V, VBBATT IISET 10mA, CCMD VBBATT CCMD GND, IISET 10mA, VBBATT %loss [(IISET IBBATT) IISET) 100% VLBTL VLBTH ILBI ILBO, IFULL VLBI 1.9V VFULL 5.5V ISINK Overdrive 100mV 1.76 1.955 1.84 2.045 Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VLRI VISET 20V, CCMD DCMD BBON LRO, VBBATT TMIN TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values +25°C.) (Note PARAMETER DC-DC CONVERTER Trip Point Input Current Switch Current Limit Off-Leakage On-Resistance Zero Crossing Trip Threshold BBON Logic Input Voltage TIMER BLOCK Output Current Oscillator Frequency Oscillator Frequency ISET Logic Input Voltage Current Matching Logic Input Level Logic Input High Level Logic Input Leakage Current CCMD 3.3nF 33nF Resets counter DCMD CCMD, DCMD CCMD, DCMD CCMD, DCMD VLRO 4.35 5.00 75.8 RDSON IPEAK 2.1V BBON 100k 200mA Voltage that allows cycle, defined (VBBATT VLX) (see DC-DC Converter section) -0.2 0.580 1.95 0.15 0.835 0.01 -0.1 2.05 1.100 5.65 SYMBOL CONDITIONS UNIT MAX1612/MAX1613 CDOSC CCOSC I(CCMD), I(DCMD) Note Specifications from -40°C guaranteed design, production tested. Typical Operating Characteristics (Circuit Figure +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) DISCHARGE TIME OUTPUT CURRENT MAX612-01 OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CAPACITANCE MAX1612-02 EFFICIENCY OUTPUT CURRENT (BBATT 3.6V) EFFICIENCY BBATT 3.6V RBBON 240k NOTE: DC-DC CONVERTER SUPPLIES VLRI 100µ 100m MAX612-03 CELLS (SANYO N-50AAA) DISCHARGE TIME (MINUTES) VOUT VOUT 100k VOUT VOUT VOUT OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Hz) CAPACITANCE (nF) 1000 OUTPUT CURRENT OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Circuit Figure +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) EFFICIENCY OUTPUT CURRENT (BBATT 2.4V) MAX612-04 EFFICIENCY OUTPUT CURRENT (BBATT MAX612-05 QUIESCENT CURRENT VOLTAGE MAX1612 QUIESCENT CURRENT (µA) MAX1613 RBBON 100k MAX1612 MAX1613 VBBON VLRO MAX612-06 EFFICIENCY 100µ 100m OUTPUT CURRENT BBATT 2.4V RBBON 240k NOTE: DC-DC CONVERTER SUPPLIES VLRI VOUT VOUT VOUT EFFICIENCY BBATT 3.6V BBATT 2.4V VOUT RBBON 240k NOTE: DC-DC CONVERTER SUPPLIES VLRI 100µ 100m VLRI OUTPUT CURRENT PEAK CURRENT BBON CURRENT MAX612-07 BBATT LEAKAGE CURRENT BBATT INPUT VOLTAGE MAX612-08 MAX1613 VOLTAGE VOLTAGE ILOAD 3.33 MAX612-09 1200 1000 PEAK CURRENT (mA) BBATT LEAKAGE CURRENT (µA) -0.5 -1.0 3.35 VLRO 3.31 3.29 3.27 -1.5 -2.0 3.25 VLRI BBATT INPUT VOLTAGE BBON CURRENT (µA) MAX1613 VOLTAGE LOAD CURRENT VLRI 3.34 3.32 VLRO 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22 3.20 LOAD CURRENT (mA) MAX612-10 SWITCHING FREQUENCY RBBON MAX612-11 3.36 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) RBBON Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks Description NAME ISET BBATT FUNCTION Bridge-Battery Charge-Current Input. Connect current-setting resistor from this input voltage higher than bridge battery. Maximum current rating 10mA. Pulling ISET below 0.4V resets internal counter. Bridge-Battery Connection. Bridge-battery charger output. Step-Up DC-DC Converter N-Channel MOSFET Drain. maximum operating range 12V. Open-Drain Low-Battery Detector Output. When VLBI falls below 1.8V, sinks current. When VLBI rises above 2.0V, becomes high impedance. Bridge-Battery Input. When high, DC-DC converter turns off. When pulled through external resistor, resistor sets peak inductor current. inductor current approximately 42,000 times current external resistor (RBBON). Discharge Command Input. When with CCMD high, internal timer counts down frequency capacitor. When both DCMD CCMD low, discharge takes precedence. Charge Command Input. When with DCMD high, internal switch from ISET BBATT closed, charging bridge battery. CCMD inhibited DCMD low. internal timer counts frequency capacitor. Open-Drain Bridge-Battery Full Indicator Output. When internal timer reaches 1sec, FULL goes high impedance. Feedback Input Step-Up DC-DC Converter. Regulates Connect feedback resistors output voltage (Figure Low-Battery-Detector Input. When falls below 1.8V, goes sinks current. When goes above 2.0V, goes high impedance. Hysteresis typically 200mV. Ground Charge Oscillator Capacitor Input. This capacitor programs charging oscillator frequency, which sets time internal counter reach Determine capacitor value charge time hours). Discharge Oscillator Capacitor Input. This capacitor sets discharging oscillator frequency, which determines maximum time decrement counter from Calculate capacitor value follows: discharge time hours). Power Ground Step-Up DC-DC Converter N-Channel MOSFET Source (MAX1612) 3.3V (MAX1613) Linear-Regulator Output. Bypass with capacitor. Maximum external load current 10mA. Linear-Regulator Supply Input MAX1612/MAX1613 BBON DCMD CCMD FULL PGND Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 VMAIN VCHARGE RISET VBBATT MAIN DC-DC COUT ISET BBATT EXTERNAL LOADS +3.3/+5V LINEAR REGULATOR MAX1612 MAX1613 2.0V REFERENCE PULSEFREQUENCY MODULATION CONTROL BLOCK N-CHANNEL PGND CHARGE OSCILLATOR TIMER BLOCK CHARGE/DISCHARGE COUNTER DISCHARGE OSCILLATOR 1.8V/2.0V FULL CCMD DCMD BBON RBBON Figure Functional Diagram _Detailed Description MAX1612/MAX1613 manage bridge battery (auxiliary battery) portable systems. These devices consist timer block that monitors charging process, linear regulator supplying power external circuitry MAX1612/MAX1613, DCDC step-up converter that powers system when main battery removed (Figure boost DC-DC converter reduces number bridge-battery cells required supply system's DC-DC converter. When main supply present, DC-DC converter inactive, reducing drain main battery only 18µA. However, main battery voltage falls detected low-battery comparator), bridge battery becomes input source. MAX1612/MAX1613 have internal linear regulator (MAX1612) +3.3V (MAX1613). linear regulator deliver load 10mA, making capable powering external components such microcontroller (Figure undervoltage lockout feature disables device when input voltage falls below operating range, preventing DC-DC converter from inadvertently powering MAX1612/MAX1613 feature internal counter intended track charging discharging process. counter tracks charge bridge battery, allowing trickle charge terminate when maximum charge achieved. charging rate determined current through ISET switch, limited switch's maximum current specification well bridge cell's charging capability. Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks Timer Block MAX1612/MAX1613 MICROCONTROLLER 250k BBON MAX1612 MAX1613 2N7002 Figure Reducing BBON Noise Sensitivity MAX1612/MAX1613 have internal charge/discharge counter that keeps track bridge-battery charging/discharging process. When CCMD DCMD high, internal counter increments until FULL goes high, indicating that counter reached maximum counter value 221. Additional pulses from oscillator will cause counter wrap around. stand-alone application (Figure terminate charging process automatically connecting FULL CCMD. microcontroller application, pull CCMD high. counter only specifies maximum time full charging; does control actual rate charging. CCMD controls charging switch, resistor ISET sets charging rate. During discharging process, drive DCMD order begin decrementing counter. When counter full, FULL high. soon counter decrements just counts, FULL sinks current, indicating that battery longer full. counter only indicates relative portion charge remaining. incrementing decrementing rate depends maximum charge discharge times forth charging discharging rates (see following equations CD). Note that actual discharging caused input current step-up DC-DC converter loading down bridge battery, which controlled BBON rather than DCMD. capacitor values determine upcount downcount rates controlling discharging oscillator frequency. Determine maximum charge discharge times follows: (nF) tHRS (nF) tHRS where charging capacitor, discharging capacitor tHRS maximum time hours process. Choose values that allow losses battery charging discharging process, such battery charging inefficiencies, errors charging current value caused variable main battery voltages, leakage currents, losses device's internal switch. charging, standard charge rate recommended battery manufacturer. maximum charging current restricted battery specifications. Consult battery manufacturer's specifications. charging current above 10mA. specifications vary, counter frequency adjusted accommodate these variances adjusting CCC. Similarly, discharging oscillator frequency adjusted with capacitor. However, rate bridge battery discharge depends DC-DC converter's load. Decrementing charge/discharge counter used only estimate remaining charge bridge battery. counter increments decrements) based CCMD DCMD logic states. Note that charge must exceed discharge compensate charging efficiency losses. Figure shows typical stand-alone application (see Design Procedure details). reduces need external microcontroller manage these functions. However, design requires greater flexibility, microcontroller used shown Figure DC-DC Converter DC-DC step-up converter pulse-frequency modulated (PFM) type. on-time determined time takes inductor current ramp peak current limit (set RBBON), which turn determined bridge battery voltage inductor value. With light load load, converter forced operate discontinuous-conduction mode (where inductor current decays zero with each cycle) comparator that monitors voltage waveform. converter will start cycle until voltage goes below battery voltage. full load, converter operates crossover point between continuous discontinuous mode. This "edge continuous" algorithm results minimum possible physical size inductor. light loads, devices pulse infrequently maintain output regulation (VFB 2V). Note that comparator requires DC-DC output voltage least 0.6V above maximum bridge battery voltage. Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 BRIDGE BATTERY 100µF 22µH MBR0530 22µF PGND 470k 470k FULL CCMD 160k DCMD BBON 4.7nF 68nF 200k SYSTEM DC-DC (MAX1630) MAIN BATTERY BBATT ALWAYS-ON OUTPUT +5V/3.3V MAX1612 MAX1613 2.2k ISET 0.33µF 442k Figure Stand-Alone Application counter block used estimate charge remaining battery. example, maximum expected charge time hours (CCC 60nF) maximum expected discharge time about hours (CCD 8.6nF), battery reaches full charge hours with FULL going high. bridge battery must supply load hour, counter will decrement down about half full. Recharging battery will require only hours reach counter, signaling with FULL going high. both DCMD CCMD pulled simultaneously, counter defaults discharge mode. When bridge battery supplying circuit, considered discharge mode (Table typical on-state voltage drop (Figure Therefore, charge current equals: IISET (VCHARGE VBBATT RISET Linear-Regulator Output (LRO) linear-regulator output, LRO, +5.0V MAX1612 +3.3V MAX1613, with tolerance ±6%. powering external circuitry such microcontroller shown Figure guaranteed deliver 10mA while maintaining regulation. voltage linear-regulator input falls below operating range, undervoltage-lockout feature shuts down entire device. Charge Current Selection (ISET) resistor between ISET voltage higher than bridge battery sets charging rate. switch open when CCMD high turned when CCMD pulled (assuming DCMD high). voltage ISET falls below 0.4V, internal counter resets internal high-voltage switch Table CCMD, DCMD Truth Table DCMD CCMD COUNTER Count Down Count Down Count Count ISET SWITCH Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 BRIDGE BATTERY 47µF MAIN BATTERY 15µH MBR0530 20µF PGND SYSTEM DC-DC (MAX1630) BBATT MICROCONTROLLER 250k 2N7002* 0.01µF DCMD CCMD 0.1µF FULL BBON 470k 470k MAX1612 MAX1613 2.4k ISET 0.33µF 750k 35.2k 479.1k *OPTIONAL, RESET COUNTER Figure Microcontroller-Based Application Low-Battery Comparator (LBI, LBO) MAX1612/MAX1613 feature low-battery comparator with factory-preset 1.8V threshold. This comparator intended monitor main high-voltage battery. voltage falls below 1.8V, open-drain output sinks current. With 200mV hysteresis, output will high until VLBI exceeds 2.0V. easily connected BBON start DC-DC converter when VLBI 1.8V (stand-alone application, Figure Figure shows application using microcontroller, where alerts microcontroller falling voltage pulls BBON through external resistor start DC-DC converter while also pulling DCMD start counter. that when control input forced low, voltage across RBBON When driving BBON from external logic, ensure state minimal noise. Otherwise, drive RBBON with N-channel whose source returned directly (Figure Applications Information Design Procedure following section refers Functional Diagram Figure Step Select output voltage maximum output current boost DC-DC converter. Generally, choose output voltage high enough main system's buck DC-DC converters. Assuming maximum battery capacity 50mAh (Sanyo 1.2V N-50AAA), following equations help design process: IPEAK IOUT (VOUT (VBBATT VRDSON) IPEAK BBON Control Input BBON input serves functions: setting peak switch current, enabling DC-DC converter. control signal normally applied RBBON rather than itself. peak switch current directly proportional 42,000 times greater than current through BBON (see Typical Operating Characteristics). BBON internally regulated Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 where IPEAK peak current, IOUT load current, VBBATT bridge-battery voltage, forward drop across VOUT output voltage, average current provided bridge battery, VRDS(ON) voltage drop across internal Nchannel power transistor (typically 0.5V). larger number cells reduces PEAK and, effect, reduces discharge current, thereby extending discharge time. same true decreasing output voltage output current. example, choose following values: IOUT 100mA, VOUT VBBATT (two cells). Using minimum voltage each cell, Table summarizes some common values. Step avoid saturation, choose inductor with peak current rating above IPEAK calculated Step series resistance 200m), optimize efficiency. this example, 15µH inductor used. Table list component suppliers. "edge-of-continuous" DC-DC algorithm causes inductor value fall peak current equation. Therefore, exact inductor value chosen critical design. However, switching frequency inversely proportional inductance, trade-offs switching losses versus physical inductor size made adjusting inductor value. (VBBATT VRDSON (VOUT VBBATT L(IPEAK (VOUT VRDSON Table Summary Common Values Designing with MAX1612/MAX1613 VOUT VBBATT AVERAGE IPEAK (mA) (mA) MINIMUM DISCHARGE TIME (MINUTES) 13.2 Note: this table, IOUT 100mA battery capacity 50mAh. Table Component List INDUCTORS Sumida CD43 CD54 series CAPACITORS Sprague 595D series, series RECTIFIERS BATTERY Motorola MBR0530, NIEC EC10QS03L Sanyo N-50AAA Table Component Suppliers SUPPLIER Motorola NIEC Sanyo Sumida PHONE USA: 207-287-5111 USA: 408-749-0510 800-521-6274 USA: 805-867-2555 Japan: 81-3-3494-7411 USA: 619-661-6835 Japan: 81-7-2070-6306 USA: 708-956-0666 Japan: 81-3-3607-5111 USA: 207-283-1941 where switching frequency, VOUT output voltage, VRDSON voltage across internal MOSFET switch, forward voltage IPEAK peak current, VBBATT bridge battery voltage. maximum practical switching frequency 400kHz. Step Choose charging (CCC) discharging (CCD) timing capacitors. These capacitors frequency that counter increments/decrements. (nF) expected charge time hours) (nF) expected discharge time hours) instance, using charge time hours discharge time hour, 68nF 4.3nF. (Consult battery manufacturers' specifications standard charging information, which generally compensates battery inefficiencies.) Step Using peak current calculated Step calculate series resistor (RBBON) follows: BBON BBON 42,000) IPEAK where BBON (internally regulated). USA: 805-867-2556 Japan: 81-3-3494-7414 USA: 619-661-1055 Japan: 81-7-2070-1174 USA: 708-956-0702 Japan: 81-3-3607-5144 Step Resistors DC-DC converter's output voltage low-battery comparator trip value. must less than minimize leakage errors. Choose resistor 750k example. Calculate follows: VOUT (R3) (R1) (R3) VOUT (VTRIP 1.8) Bridge-Battery Backup Controllers Notebooks MAX1612/MAX1613 Table Surface-Mount Inductor Information MANUFACTURER PART Sumida CD43-8R2 Sumida CD43-150 Sumida CD54-100 Sumida CD54-150 Sumida CD54-220 INDUCTANCE (µH) RESISTANCE 0.132 0.235 0.100 0.140 0.180 RATED CURRENT 1.26 0.92 1.44 1.30 1.11 HEIGHT (mm) where VOUT DC-DC converter's output voltage VTRIP voltage level main battery must fall below trip low-battery comparator. example, boost DC-DC output, 4.75V main battery trip level feasible. this case, 750k, 26k, 474k. Step Select resistor value charging current. resistor value ISET limits current through switch bridge-battery charging. There voltage drop across high-voltage switch (see Electrical Characteristics) with typical value maximum charge current through internal highvoltage switch 10mA. RISET (VCHARGE VSWITCH VBBATT) ICHARGE where CHARGE charging supply voltage, VSWITCH drop across high-voltage internal switch, BBATT bridge battery voltage, ICHARGE charge current amperes). Microcontroller-Based Application MAX1612/MAX1613 also suited operate microcontroller-based system. microcontroller-based application provides more flexibility allowing separate, independent control charging process, DC-DC converter, counter. Independent control beneficial situations where other subsystems operating, that automatic switchover power might create some timing issues. necessary, microcontroller used reset counter taking ISET low. Another advantage microcontrollerbased system ability stop charging bridge battery during fault condition. Figure shows example MAX1612/ MAX1613 interfaced MAX1630 deliver input voltage main DC-DC converter. this example, microcontroller monitors main battery's status switches over bridge battery when MAIN falls below specified trip level (see Design Procedure). When VMAIN falls below threshold, goes low. This signals microcontroller, I/O, switch over bridge battery input source system main DC-DC converter. this application, microcontroller also initiates bridge-battery charging process. When CCMD goes with DCMD high, battery charged through internal switch. counter increments until overflows FULL goes high, indicating full charge. microcontroller read write appropriate states control execution timing entire process. main DC-DC supplied main source, MAX1612/MAX1613's step-up converter turns off, minimizing power consumption. device typically draws only 18µA quiescent current under this condition. Stand-Alone Application reduce cost save space, MAX1612/ MAX1613 operated stand-alone configuration, which eliminates need microcontroller. stand-alone configuration could also reduce workload existing microcontroller system, thus allowing these unused I/Os used other applications. Figure shows MAX1612/MAX1613 operating without microcontroller using low-battery detector monitor main battery. main battery low, pulls BBON DCMD start DCDC step-up converter allow bridge battery discharge. bridge battery requires charging, FULL pulls CCMD start battery charging process. both CCMD DCMD low, discharging takes precedence bridge battery keeps boost DC-DC converter active. 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