best utilize per-pixel operations using OpenGL NVIDIA Graphics Process
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GeForce RIVA Combiners
best utilize per-pixel operations using OpenGL NVIDIA Graphics Processors
11/02/1999
NVIDIA OpenGL Combiners
(see Figure OpenGL spec)
Point Rasterization From Primitive Assembly Line Rasterization Texture Fetching
Polygon Rasterization
Texture Environment Application
Texture Unit
Register Combiners
General Stage
Texture Unit
DrawPixels
Pixel Rectangle Rasterization Color
General Stage Final Stage
Bitmap
Bitmap Rasterization
Coverage Application
fragment processing
11/02/1999
Which Texture Environment Combiner Extension use?
OpenGL texture environment modulate, replace, blend, decal OpenGL implementation support this EXT_texture_env_add supported extension, guaranteed AB+C, AB+(1-A)C scale bias capability constant extension (NVIDIA ATI) AB+CD, generalizes EXT_texture_env_combine later NVIDIA graphics processors model, non-linear data flow math, input mappings, multiple products texture environment, color sum, stages inputs: color factor, secondary color stages independent active textures future NVIDIA graphics processors (not TNT)
11/02/1999
NV_texture_env_combine4
combiner inputs (RGBA)
portion
Alpha
portion Texture Unit
zero constant color zero primary color constant color primary colortexture texture texture texture
Texture Unit
combiner result zero combiner result constant color zero primary color constant color primary colortexture texture texture texture
post-combiner color (RGBA)
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners Functional Overview
texture stages/environment, color sum, current APIs math (negative positive range) range through scaling products lighting image processing applications designed specular, diffuse, ambient per-pixel lighting space bump lighting space bump lighting lighting models color matrix color space conversions model supports non-linear data flows linear chain current APIs VLIW instruction fragment coloring efficient hardware implementation
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners Examples
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners Register Combiner Operational Overview
initialize registers Portion
Alpha Portion
stage
AB+CD,
AB+CD,
general combiner stages
stage (optional)
AB+CD,
AB+CD,
final combiner
AB+(1-A)C+D,
RGBA fragment
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners Register
(diffuse) color RGBA fragment's primary color (specular) color fragment's secondary color initially undefined texture fragment's filtered RGBA texel from numbered texture unit numbered texture unit disabled spare undefined current color fragment's factor (only available final combiner) color constant color user-defined RGBA value read-only value zero
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners
General Combiner Operation, portion
input registers
input input input input
written output registers must mutually exclusive
output registers
primary color secondary color
primary color secondary color
texture
texture
AB+CD
texture spare spare
-orA
texture spare spare
constant color constant color zero
scale bias
constant color constant color zero
readable writeable
computations
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NV_register_combiners General Combiner Stage Computations
(Ar, (Br, (Cr,
(Dr,
AB+CD
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output
ABCD output
output
NV_register_combiners General Combiner Computation
computation (texture alpha 0.5) output else output
note that texture alpha initially undefined texture unit zero enabled
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners General Combiner Input Mapping Modes
identity max(0.0, invert min(max(x, 0.0, 1.0)) normal [-1, max(0, negate -2.0 max(0.0,
bias normal [-0.5, 0.5] max(0.0, bias negate [0.5, -0.5] -max(0.0, identity [-1, negate [-1,
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners General Combiner Scale Bias Modes
1.0, bias 1.0, bias -0.5 0.5, bias
2.0, bias 2.0, bias -0.5 4.0, bias
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners General Combiner Stage Register Outputs
outputs general combiner stage: three outputs (AB, ABCD) written portion writable registers three Alpha outputs (AB, ABCD) written Alpha portion writable registers outputs must written distinct registers Alpha outputs must written distinct registers I.e., outputs written same register portion
either output stage computes product, ABCD output stage must discarded output discarded
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners
General Combiner Operation, Alpha portion
input registers
input input input input
written output registers must mutually exclusive
output registers
primary color secondary color
primary color secondary color
texture
texture
AB+CD
texture spare spare constant color constant color zero
only blue component readable from
-orA
texture spare spare
scale bias
constant color constant color
zero
readable
computations
writeable
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners General Combiner Stage Alpha Computations
(Aa) (Ba) (Ca)
(Da)
AB+CD
11/02/1999
output
ABCD output
output
NV_register_combiners
Final Combiner Operation
input registers
input
input
primary color secondary color texture texture spare spare constant color constant color zero
input input input input
spare secondary color
input
fragment
fragment Alpha
11/02/1999
computations
NV_register_combiners Final Combiner Input Mapping Modes
identity max(0.0, invert min(max(x, 0.0, 1.0))
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners Final Combiner Color Clamping
secondary color clamping options clamp [0,1] range range (1-A) operates range
GeForce Quadro hardware means useful range This fixed subsequent hardware!
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Register Combiners Enable/Disable
Enable register combiners
Disable register combiners
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL General Combiner Input/Output Control
glCombinerInputNV(GLenum stage, GLenum portion, GLenum variable, GLenum input, GLenum mapping, GLenum componentUsage); glCombinerOutputNV(GLenum stage, GLenum portion, GLenum abOutput, GLenum cdOutput, GLenum sumOutput, GLenum scale, GLenum bias, GLboolean abDotProduct, GLboolean cdDotProduct, GLboolean muxSum);
11/02/1999
indicates specifiers Blue indicates state values
NV_register_combiners OpenGL General Combiner Input/Output Control Tokens
stage portion variable
GL_COMBINER0_NV, GL_COMBINER1_NV GL_RGB, GL_ALPHA GL_VARIABLE_A_NV, GL_VARIABLE_B_NV, GL_VARIABLE_C_NV, GL_VARIABLE_D_NV input GL_ZERO, GL_PRIMARY_COLOR_NV, GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR0_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR1_NV, GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, GL_FOG, GL_SPARE0_NV, GL_SPARE1_NV mapping GL_UNSIGNED_IDENTITY_NV, GL_UNSIGNED_INVERT_NV, GL_EXPAND_NORMAL_NV, GL_EXPAND_NEGATE_NV, GL_HALF_BIAS_NORMAL_NV, GL_HALF_BIAS_NEGATE_NV, GL_SIGNED_IDENTITY_NV, GL_SIGNED_NEGATE_NV componentUsage GL_RGB, GL_BLUE, GL_ALPHA abOutput, cdOutput, sumOutput GL_DISCARD_NV, GL_PRIMARY_COLOR_NV, GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_NV, GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, GL_SPARE0_NV, GL_SPARE1_NV scale GL_NONE, GL_SCALE_BY_TWO_NV, GL_SCALE_BY_FOUR_NV, GL_SCALE_BY_ONE_HALF_NV bias GL_NONE, GL_BIAS_BY_NEGATIVE_ONE_HALF_NV
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Final Combiner Input Control
glFinalCombinerInputNV(GLenum variable, GLenum input, GLenum mapping, GLenum componentUsage);
indicates specifiers Blue indicates state values
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Final Combiner Input Control Tokens
variable
GL_VARIABLE_A_NV, GL_VARIABLE_B_NV, GL_VARIABLE_C_NV, GL_VARIABLE_D_NV, GL_VARIABLE_E_NV, GL_VARIABLE_F_NV, GL_VARIABLE_G_NV input GL_ZERO, GL_PRIMARY_COLOR_NV, GL_SECONDARY_COLOR_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR0_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR1_NV, GL_TEXTURE0_ARB, GL_TEXTURE1_ARB, GL_FOG, GL_SPARE0_NV, GL_SPARE1_NV, GL_E_TIMES_F_NV, mapping GL_UNSIGNED_IDENTITY_NV, GL_UNSIGNED_INVERT_NV componentUsage GL_RGB, GL_BLUE, GL_ALPHA
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Combiner Parameter Control
glCombinerParameterfvNV(GLenum pnamev, const GLfloat *params); glCombinerParameterivNV(GLenum pname, const GLint *params); glCombinerParameterfNV(GLenum pname, GLfloat param); glCombinerParameteriNV(GLenum pnamev, GLint param);
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Combiner Parameter Control Tokens
pname pnamev
GL_NUM_COMBINERS_NV, GL_COLOR_SUM_CLAMP_NV GL_NUM_COMBINERS_NV, GL_COLOR_SUM_CLAMP_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR0_NV, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR1_NV
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Combiner State Queries
stage, GLenum portion, GLenum variable, GLenum pname_i, GLfloat *params); stage, GLenum portion, GLenum variable, GLenum pname_i, GLint *params); stage, GLenum portion, GLenum pname_o, GLfloat *params); stage, GLenum portion, GLenum pname_o, GLint *params); fvariable, GLenum pname_i, GLfloat *params); fvariable, GLenum pname_i, GLfloat *params);
indicates specifiers
11/02/1999
NV_register_combiners OpenGL Combiner State Queries Tokens
stage portion variable fvariable GL_COMBINER0_NV, GL_COMBINER1_NV GL_RGB, GL_ALPHA GL_VARIABLE_A_NV, GL_VARIABLE_B_NV, GL_VARIABLE_C_NV, GL_VARIABLE_D_NV GL_VARIABLE_A_NV, GL_VARIABLE_B_NV, GL_VARIABLE_C_NV, GL_VARIABLE_D_NV, GL_VARIABLE_E_NV, GL_VARIABLE_F_NV, GL_VARIABLE_G_NV
pname_i GL_COMBINER_INPUT_NV, GL_COMBINER_MAPPING_NV, GL_COMPONENT_USAGE_NV pname_o GL_COMBINER_AB_DOT_PRODUCT_NV, GL_COMBINER_CD_DOT_PRODUCT_NV, GL_COMBINER_MUX_SUM_NV, GL_COMBINER_SCALE_NV, GL_COMBINER_BIAS_NV, GL_COMBINER_AB_OUTPUT_NV, GL_COMBINER_CD_OUTPUT_NV, GL_COMBINER_SUM_OUTPUT_NV
11/02/1999
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