Features FULLY MONOLITHIC DESIGN HIGH SIDE FIELD DRIVER THERMAL P
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L991CAR ALTERNATOR MULTIFUNCTION SMART VOLTAGE REGULATOR
Features
FULLY MONOLITHIC DESIGN HIGH SIDE FIELD DRIVER THERMAL PROTECTION FIELD SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION PROTECTED DIAGNOSTIC LAMP DRIVER PROTECTED HIGH SIDE RELAY DRIVER COMPLEX DIAGNOSTICS LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL OUTPUT (FIELD MONITOR)
Figure Package
Multiwatt8
Table Order Codes
Part Number L9911A L9911B Package Multiwatt8 Multiwatt8 Features Table.9 Table.9
Description
L9911 monolithic multifunction alternator voltage regulator intended automotive application. includes control section, field power stage, fault diagnostic circuit which drives warning lamp, protection against short circuits.
Circuit Operation
ance high cause superimposed ripple alternator voltage higher than 5-6V. Consequently doesn't need, standard application, external component. Anyway external capacitor (2.2µF) must inserted between ground when using device with very long cables. PROTECTION present protection against short circuits lamp relay power drivers field power driver (F+), thermal drivers shutdown protection overvoltage protection power drivers. DIAGNOSIS circuit detects fault conditions related phase status receives informations from three alternator phases. order prevent spurious indications, fault warnings displayed immediately dalayed fixed time. LOAD RESPONSE CONTROL internal circuit regulates soft start characteristics (activated always engine start) soft attack characteristics.
Rev. 1/15
alternator's voltage regulator performs following main functions: voltage regulation protection control fault diagnosis load response control VOLTAGE REGULATION alternator voltage compared with reference voltage amplifier, whose output determines switching frequency output power whose current excites coil alternator; regulator fixed-frequency topology, field switching frequency does depend alternator characteristics. regulators have integrated filter voltage sensing path guaranteeing correct behaviour devices also when rectifier diodes feature very high switching spikes. internal filtering allows usage device also with very long cables connecting alternator battery with imped-
November 2005
This preliminary information product development undergoing evaluation. Details subject change without notice.
L991Figure Connection (Top view)
GND-case
RES.
RES.
Table Descriptions
RES. GND-case RES.
Function Phase sense input. Field monitor output. Reserved. Lamp terminal side driver; relay terminal high side driver. Ground. Reserved. High side driver output. Sensed power supply.
Table Absolute Maximum Ratings 150°C, unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Supply Voltage min. 25°C) Transient Supply Voltage (load dump) [see application circuit] t<500ms Transient Supply Voltage (low energy spikes) [see application circuit] ISO7637-1 pulse 1,2,3 /ISO7637-3 Tstg, Tcase Ptot Junction temperature range Storage case temperature range Total power Dissipation Tcase 150°C, Ifield Reverse Battery Voltage (see application diagram) 25°C, Normal working condition reverse voltage GROUND) Current (bonding limitation) Voltage MILSTD883C (All pins vs.GND) Value -2.5 -1.5 Unit
Table Thermal Data
Symbol j-case Parameter Thermal resistance junction case Value Unit °C/W
2/15
L991Table ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS -40°C 150°C; unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Vbat Ib-sinked Ib-stby Vreg Vreg Vreg Delta Vrpm Delta Vload Vreg-less Vov-p
Operating Supply Voltage Supply Battery Current Stand-by Current Regulated Voltage Thermal Drift. configurations available, selectable mask option (see Table.8). 12.5V, Ialt=1A-0.9*Inom; 1400<rpm<RPMMAX (Fig. Ialt=10A; rpm=6000rpm;15V (Fig. Ialt=10A; rpm=6000rpm (Fig. 1400<rpm<RPMMAX; Ialt=10A 5A<Ialt<Inom; rpm=6000rpm Reg. Voltage without Battery Overvoltage protection threshold Overvoltage diagnosis threshold Thermal shutdown threshold Thermal Shut-down hysteresis Under voltage diagnosis threshold Ialt resistive; 2000<rpm<RPMMAX Voltage disable drivers High side driver
14.0 -4.5 14.35 -11.8 14.35
14.4 -3.5 14.5 14.5
14.8 -2.5 14.65 -8.2 14.65
mV/°C mV/°C mV/°C
Vov-d Tj-sd Tj-sd-dwn Vuv-1 Vuv-up VF+_sat If_SCTH
turn side driver Temperature disable DFM, (high side drivers) L/F+/DFM from STATE (due thermal shutdown) STATE turn side driver turn side driver
Vreg Tj-sd10 0.40
Vreg
Vreg Tj-sd-2
0.50
0.60 0.55
Field driver saturation voltage 4.5A Freewheeling diode Field short circuit driver protection threshold current (see fig. Field driver ON-state detection Pre-excitation frequency Pre-excitation Field driver ON-duty Output Voltage Rise Time Output Voltage Fall Time Field switching frequency Output Field Driver Leakage Current Ifield resistive (Fig. Ifield resistive (Fig. Ialt=1A~0.9*Inom;1400rpm<rpm<R PMMAX 24V; I=5A 15.93 18.75
21.57
f-pre Duty-pre t-rise t_fall Fsw_F+ If_leak
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L991Table ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCS (continued) -40°C 150°C; unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
DUTY-PR VH_SAT VL_SAT VLSB IHSC ILSC VthL Ipd_L
Phase regulation field duty High Side Driver Saturation Voltage (Fig. Side Driver Saturation Voltage (Fig. Selfbias without supply Lamp driver Voltage High Side Driver short circuit current protection Side Driver short circuit current (see fig. Enable Regulator Supply Voltage Threshold terminal Pull-down Current when generator rotating sink current when generator rotating Diagnostic Alarm Delay Time
Fig. With driver Isource=500mA With driver Isink=500mA open; connected through resistor 12.5V; 12.5V
26.56
31.25
35.94
1.15
0.6V
I_L_sink
frequency 500Hz; (Fig. (Fig. square wave 1KHz square wave 1KHz 0.8V Ialt=1A~0.9*Inom;1400rpm<rpm<R PMMAX; I_sink=14mA VDFM 12.5V VDFM=16V driver R=1K (Fig. R=1K (Fig.
Vcan-DFM Test mode cancel soft start/ attack (voltage) tcan-DFM VPHL1 VPHL2 t_PHL1 VPHH1 VPHH2_1 tPHd I_Pd-P1 f-dfm VL-DFM Test mode delay time Enable control voltage input high threshold Enable control voltage input threshold Enable Control Voltage Phase Filtering Time Diagnosis phase loss input high threshold Diagnosis phase loss input threshold Diagnostic Phase Filtering Time Phase Pull-down Current Output open drain switching freq.
0.35 0.25
Output voltage saturation I-sink=14mA
I-SC_DFM Short circuit current protection Ilk-DFM t-t-TD Output leakage current Output voltage rise time Output voltage fall time
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L991Table Load Response Control Parameters
Symbol Parameter Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
t_ST_1 t_ST_2
Soft Start Delay Time (Fig. steps available, selectable mask option (see Table.7). Soft Attack Time Soft Start Time (Fig. 13). steps available, selectable mask option (see Table Reset frequency range enable regulation; Frequency judged after periods (Fig. Soft start enable (EN) disable (DISAB) frequency ranges. configurations available, selectable mask option (possible combinations Table Always activated engine start. Frequencies judged after periods (Fig.
Activated always engine start 1.73
2.35
t_SL_1 t_SL_2
From 100% field duty cycle
2.13 7.65
2.87 10.35
EN-RES (constant)
EN-1 EN-2 EN-3 EN-4 DISAB-1 DISAB-2 DISAB-3 DISAB-4
Table Load Response Control Timing Options
t_SL 2.5s t_ST t_ST LRC-A LRC-C t_SL LRC-D LRC-B
Table Correspondence Frequency (typical values) Application Features
Alternator Revolution Speed (rpm) Typical Configuration (Config-A) Typical Configuration (Config-B) Typical Configuration (Config-C) Initiate Regulation Initiate Regulation Initiate Regulation 1200 3000 1450 3000 1450 3500 Pole Pairs EN-1 DISAB-1 EN-2 DISAB-1 EN-2 DISAB-2 Pole Pairs EN-3 DISAB-3 EN-4 DISAB-3 EN-4 EN-4
Considering overall application scenario, there direct correspondence between Typical Configurations regulation curve Vreg-1, between Typical Configuration regulation curves Vreg-2 Vreg-3. This allowing summary possible customizations L9911 table below.
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L991Table Customization L9911: Combination LRC, Regulation, Application Options
Vreg-1 Config-A
Timing options
Vreg-1 Config-B Pole Pairs L9911A Pole Pairs
Vreg-2 Config-C Pole Pairs Pole Pairs
Vreg-3 Config-C Pole Pairs Pole Pairs
Pole Pairs L9911B
Pole Pairs
LRC-A LRC-B LRC-C LRC-D
Figure Vreg-15.2 15.1 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.4
Max.
Typ.
Min.
14.06V~14,91V -5°C 14.00V~14.80V 20°C 13.42V~14,48V 150°C
Figure Vreg-2
15.1 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.4 13.3 13.2 13.1 12.9
Max.
Typ.
Min.
12.8
14.60V~15.00V -5°C 14.35V~14.65V 23°C 12.85V~13.66V 150°C
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L991Figure Vreg-3
15.1 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.1 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.5
Max.
Typ.
Min.
14.41V~14.82V -5°C 14.35V~14.65V 23°C 13.59V~14.40V 150°C
Figure Output Voltage rise/fall time (F+, DFM)
Voltage
t-rise t-
t-fall t-TD
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L991Figure Phase Regulation Characteristics
Engine Ign. Switch W/Lamp
t_ST t_SL
Load
Ifield F+/DFM
Field Preexcitation
Field Regulation
PRINCIPLE PHASE REGULATION: When above regulated voltage, field driver controlled keep phase peak voltage from falling below VPHH1. phase peak voltage drops below VPHL1, phase regulation does work. Figure Application Diagram
ignition switch warning lamp
Stator Field
E.C.U.
L991+Vb
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L991Figure High Side/Low side driver saturation
Regulator Assy
L9911 Control Circuit
Figure Test mode cancel soft start/attack
FILTER (tcan) COMP Vcan LATCH CANCEL
Figure Soft-start enable frequency range
EN-1~4
SOFT-START ENABLE FREQUENCY
CONSTANT (50HZ)
EN-RES
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L991Figure Soft start characteristics (always activated engine start)
Ign. 0.5s Engine speed (rpm) (soft attack inhibition Alt. speed) 0.5s Time (sec)
(soft start enable Alt. speed)
Time (sec) Soft start timing Soft start timing Soft start timing
Field current
Soft start delay time
Soft start delay time
Soft start delay time
0.15s~0.5s
Time (sec)
W/Lamp
0.15s~0.5s Starter Ign. stop Ign. stop Starter Ign. Starter Time (sec)
Engine start
Soft attack inhibition Alt. speed speed
Engine start
Soft attack inhibition Alt. speed speed
Engine restart
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L991Figure Soft Start/attack Characteristics
Engine Ign. Switch W/Lamp
t_ST t_SL
Load
Ifield F+/DFM
Field Preexcitation
Field Regulation
Table Fault Detection
Root Cause Signal Effect Test detect
Alternator belt breaking Brushes open Field Driver Open Field interruption Field short circuit battery Field short circuit ground Battery discharge
Alternator disexcitation Alternator disexcitation Alternator disexcitation Alternator disexcitation Overvoltage Alternator disexcitation Undervoltage
VP<VPHH1 VB+<Vreg VP<VPHH1 VB+<Vreg VP<VPHH1 VB+<Vreg VP<VPHH1 VB+<Vreg VF+>VS1 Vov-d VP<VPHH1 VB+<Vreg VB+<Vuv
diagnostic result disabled during Soft-start delay time t_ST soft-start soft attack timing t_SL
Figure DFMonitor Electrical configuration
L991Regulator assy
Valim
Alternator Field
Control Circuit
Field driver DFMon driver Test circuit
11/15
L991Figure Short circuit drivers' protection
Current short circuit (Field driver, Relay driver, DFMon driver) 25ms
Current short circuit (Lamp driver)
Filtering time
Retry time
Field driver, DFmon driver Relay driver protected switching mode (not linear), with retry time less than 25ms. Lamp driver protected linear mode, with retry time
12/15
L991
Package Information
order meet environmental requirements, offers these devices ECOPACK® packages. These packages have Lead-free second level interconnect. category second Level Interconnect marked package inner label, compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. maximum ratings related soldering conditions also marked inner label. ECOPACK trademark. ECOPACK specifications available www.st.com. Figure Multiwatt8 Mechanical Data Package Dimensions
DIM. MIN. Dia1 20.35 17.05 17.25 10.3 2.65 0.40 0.70 3.65 17.20 17.5 10.7 0.49 0.78 2.40 17.64 19.6 20.2 20.65 17.35 17.75 10.9 0.55 0.85 3.85 0.80 0.67 0.679 0.406 0.104 0.075 0.075 0.015 0.028 0.144 0.68 0.689 0.421 2.54 17.78 TYP. MAX. 2.65 0.55 0.85 2.68 17.92 0.019 0.030 0.094 0.69 0.772 0.795 0.81 0.68 0.699 0.429 0.114 0.102 0.102 0.022 0.034 0.152 0.10 0.70 MIN. TYP. MAX. 0.197 0.104 0.063 0.022 0.033 0.105 0.71 inch
OUTLINE MECHANICAL DATA
Multiwatt8 (Pin GND)
0043696
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L991Table Revision History
Date Revision Description Changes
June 2004 2005
First Issue. Modified Figure Table Table Updated Figure Table ordering numbers. Updated Table Added tables 6-9.
07-Nov-2005
14/15
L991
Information furnished believed accurate reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes responsibility consequences such information infringement patents other rights third parties which result from use. license granted implication otherwise under patent patent rights STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned this publication subject change without notice. This publication supersedes replaces information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products authorized critical components life support devices systems without express written approval STMicroelectronics. logo registered trademark STMicroelectronics. other names property their respective owners 2005 STMicroelectronics rights reserved STMicroelectronics group companies Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hong Kong India Israel Italy Japan Malaysia Malta Morocco Singapore Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States America www.st.com
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