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FEATURES Charge Balancing Bits Missing Codes 0.0015% Nonlinearity 3-Ch
Top Searches for this datasheetLC2MOS Loop-Powered Signal Conditioning AD7713* FEATURES Charge Balancing Bits Missing Codes 0.0015% Nonlinearity 3-Channel Programmable Gain Front Gains from Differential Inputs Single-Ended High Voltage Input Low-Pass Filter with Programmable Filter Cutoffs Ability Read/Write Calibration Coefficients Bidirectional Microcontroller Serial Interface Single-Supply Operation Power (3.5 typ) with Power-Down Mode (150 typ) APPLICATIONS Loop Powered (Smart) Transmitters Transducers Process Control Portable Industrial Instruments FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) AVDD STANDBY AD7713 CHARGING BALANCING AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) AIN3 INPUT SCALING AUTO-ZEROED MODULATOR DIGITAL FILTER SYNC AVDD RTD1 RTD2 CLOCK GENERATION SERIAL INTERFACE CONTROL REGISTER OUTPUT REGISTER MCLK MCLK AGND DGND MODE SDATA SCLK DRDY GENERAL DESCRIPTION AD7713 complete analog front frequency measurement applications. device accepts level signals directly from transducer high level signals VREF) outputs serial digital word. employs conversion technique realize bits missing codes performance. input signal applied proprietary programmable gain front based around analog modulator. modulator output processed on-chip digital filter. first notch this digital filter programmed on-chip control register, allowing adjustment filter cutoff settling time. part features differential analog inputs singleended high level analog input well differential reference input. operated from single supply (AVDD DVDD part provides current sources that used provide excitation 3-wire 4-wire configurations. AD7713 thus performs signal conditioning conversion single-, dual- three-channel system. AD7713 ideal smart, microcontroller-based systems. Gain settings, signal polarity, current control configured software using bidirectional serial port. AD7713 contains self-calibration, system calibration, background calibration options also allows user read write on-chip calibration registers. *Protected U.S. Patent 5,134,401. CMOS construction ensures power dissipation, hardware programmable power-down mode reduces standby power consumption only typical. part available 24-lead, inch wide, PDIP CERDIP well 24lead SOIC package. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS AD7713 consumes less than total supply current, making ideal loop-powered systems. programmable gain channels allow AD7713 accept input signals directly from transducer removing considerable amount signal conditioning. maximize flexibility part, high level analog input accepts VREF signals. On-chip current sources provide excitation 3-wire 4-wire configurations. missing codes ensures true, usable, 24-bit dynamic range coupled with excellent 0.0015% accuracy. effects temperature drift eliminated on-chip self-calibration, which removes zero-scale full-scale errors. AD7713 ideal microcontroller processor applications with on-chip control register, which allows control over filter cutoff, input gain, signal polarity, calibration modes. AD7713 allows user read write on-chip calibration registers. REV. Information furnished Analog Devices believed accurate reliable. However, responsibility assumed Analog Devices use, infringements patents other rights third parties that result from use. license granted implication otherwise under patent patent rights Analog Devices. Trademarks registered trademarks property their respective owners. Technology Way, P.O. 9106, Norwood, 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. rights reserved. (AVDD DVDD IN(+) IN(-) AGND; MCLK MHz, unless otherwise noted. specifications TMIN TMAX, unless otherwise noted.) Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE Missing Codes Versions1 Tables 0.0015 0.25 0.25 0.0004 Table Unit Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits µV/°C µV/°C µV/°C µV/°C µV/°C µV/°C ppm/°C µV/°C µV/°C Conditions/Comments Guaranteed Design. Filter Notches Filter Notch Filter Notch Filter Notch Filter Notch Depends Filter Cutoffs Selected Gain. Filter Notches Typically 0.0003%. Gains Gains 128. Gains Gains 128. Gains Gains 128. Typically 0.0006%. Gains Gains 128. AD7713-SPECIFICATIONS Output Noise Integral Nonlinearity Positive Full-Scale Error2, Full-Scale Drift5 Unipolar Offset Error2, Unipolar Offset Drift5 Bipolar Zero Error2, Bipolar Zero Drift5 Gain Drift Bipolar Negative Full-Scale Error2 Bipolar Negative Full-Scale Drift5 ANALOG INPUTS Input Sampling Rate, Normal-Mode Rejection6 Normal-Mode Rejection6 AIN1, AIN27 Input Voltage Range8 Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Normal Operation. Depends Gain Selected. Unipolar Input Range (B/U Control Register Bipolar Input Range (B/U Control Register AVDD AVDD Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. +VREF9 VREF Common-Mode Rejection (CMR) Common-Mode Rejection6 Common-Mode Rejection6 Common-Mode Voltage Range10 Input Leakage Current 25°C TMIN TMAX Sampling Capacitance6 AIN3 Input Voltage Range Gain Error11 Gain Drift Offset Error11 Input Impedance AGND AVDD 0.05 VREF ppm/°C Normal Operation. Depends Gain Selected. Additional Error Contributed Resistor Attenuator. Additional Drift Contributed Resistor Attenuator. Additional Error Contributed Resistor Attenuator. REV. AD7713 Parameter REFERENCE INPUT IN(+) IN(-) Voltage Input Sampling Rate, Normal-Mode Rejection6 Normal-Mode Rejection6 Common-Mode Rejection (CMR) Common-Mode Rejection6 Common-Mode Rejection6 Common-Mode Voltage Range10 Input Leakage Current 25°C TMIN TMAX LOGIC INPUTS Input Current Inputs Except MCLK VINL, Input Voltage VINH, Input High Voltage MCLK Only VINL, Input Voltage VINH, Input High Voltage LOGIC OUTPUTS VOL, Output Voltage VOH, Output High Voltage Floating State Leakage Current Floating State Output Capacitance12 TRANSDUCER BURN-OUT Current Initial Tolerance 25°C Drift EXCITATION CURRENTS (RTD1, RTD2) Output Current Initial Tolerance 25°C Drift Initial Matching 25°C Drift Matching Line Regulation (AVDD) Load Regulation SYSTEM CALIBRATION AIN1, AIN2 Positive Full-Scale Calibration Limit13 Negative Full-Scale Calibration Limit13 Offset Calibration Limit14, Input Span14 Versions1 AVDD/1.8 fCLK IN/512 AGND AVDD Unit Conditions/Comments Specified Performance. Part Functional with Lower VREF Voltages. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. Filter Notches 0.02 fNOTCH. %/°C ISINK ISOURCE ppm/°C ppm/°C nA/V nA/V Matching Between RTD1 RTD2 Currents. Matching Between RTD1 RTD2 Current Drift. AVDD +(1.05 -(1.05 -(1.05 +(0.8 +(2.1 VREF)/GAIN VREF)/GAIN VREF)/GAIN VREF)/GAIN VREF)/GAIN GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). REV. AD7713 Parameter AIN3 Positive Full-Scale Calibration Limit13 Offset Calibration Limit15 Input Span Versions1 +(4.2 Unit Conditions/Comments GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). GAIN Selected Gain (Between 128). VREF)/GAIN VREF/GAIN +(3.2 +(4.2 VREF)/GAIN VREF)/GAIN POWER REQUIREMENTS Power Supply Voltages AVDD Voltage16 DVDD Voltage17 Power Supply Currents AVDD Current DVDD Current Specified Performance. Specified Performance. AVDD AVDD fCLK MHz. Digital Inputs DVDD. fCLK MHz. Digital Inputs DVDD. Rejection w.r.t. AGND. Power Supply Rejection18 (AVDD DVDD)19 Power Dissipation Normal Mode Standby (Power-Down) Mode AVDD DVDD fCLK MHz; Typically AVDD DVDD Typically NOTES Temperature range Version, -40°C +85°C; Version, -55°C +125°C. Applies after calibration temperature interest. Positive full-scale error applies both unipolar bipolar input ranges. These errors will order output noise part shown Table after system calibration. These errors will typical after self-calibration background calibration. Recalibration temperature background calibration mode will remove these drift errors. These numbers guaranteed design and/or characterization. AIN1 AIN2 analog inputs present very high impedance dynamic load that varies with clock frequency input sample rate. maximum recommended source resistance depends selected gain. analog input voltage range AIN1(+) AIN2(+) inputs given here with respect voltage AIN1(-) AIN2(-) inputs. input voltage range AIN3 input with respect AGND. absolute voltage AIN1 AIN2 inputs should more positive than more negative than AGND VREF IN(+) IN(-). This common-mode voltage range allowed, provided that input voltage AIN(+) AIN(-) does exceed AGND This error removed using system calibration capabilities AD7713. This error removed AD7713's self-calibration feature. offset drift AIN3 input four times value given Static Performance section specifications. Guaranteed design, production tested. After calibration, analog input exceeds positive full scale, converter will output analog input less than negative full scale, device will output These calibration span limits apply provided absolute voltage AIN1 AIN2 analog inputs does exceed more negative than AGND offset calibration limit applies both unipolar zero point bipolar zero point. Operating with voltages range 5.25 10.5 guaranteed only over 70°C temperature range. tolerance input allowed provided that does exceed more than Measured applies selected pass band. PSRR will exceed with filter notches PSRR will exceed with filter notches PSRR depends gain: gain typ; gain typ; gain typ; gains typ. Specifications subject change without notice. REV. AD7713 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS1, Parameter fCLK (DVDD AVDD AGND DGND fCLKIN MHz; Input Logic Logic DVDD, unless otherwise noted.) Unit Conditions/Comments Master Clock Frequency: Crystal Oscillator Externally Supplied Specified Performance Master Clock Input Time; tCLK 1/fCLK Master Clock Input High Time Digital Output Rise Time; Typically Digital Output Fall Time; Typically SYNC Pulse Width DRDY Setup Time DRDY Hold Time Setup Time Hold Time SCLK Falling Edge Data Access Time (RFS Data Valid) SCLK Falling Edge Data Valid Delay SCLK High Pulse Width SCLK Pulse Width Setup Time Hold Time SCLK Falling Edge Delay Time SCLK Falling Edge Hold Time Data Valid SCLK Setup Time Data Valid SCLK Hold Time Serial Clock Input Frequency DRDY Setup Time DRDY Hold Time Setup Time Hold Time Data Access Time (RFS Data Valid) SCLK Falling Edge Data Valid Delay SCLK High Pulse Width SCLK Pulse Width SCLK Falling Edge DRDY High SCLK Data Valid Hold Time RFS/TFS SCLK Falling Edge Hold Time Data Valid Hold Time Setup Time Hold Time SCLK Falling Edge Hold Time Data Valid SCLK Setup Time Data Valid SCLK Hold Time Limit TMIN, TMAX Versions) tCLK tCLK 1000 tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK IN/2 tCLK IN/2 tCLK IN/2 tCLK IN/2 tCLK tCLK fCLK IN/5 tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK tCLK IN/2 tCLK tCLK SCLK High tCLK tCLK Self-Clocking Mode External-Clocking Mode fSCLK t246 t256 t297 t317 NOTES Guaranteed design, production tested. input signals specified with (10% timed from voltage level Figures duty cycle range 55%. must supplied whenever AD7713 standby mode. clock present this case, device draw higher current than specified possibly become uncalibrated. AD7713 production tested with MHz. guaranteed characterization operate kHz. Specified using points waveform interest. These numbers measured with load circuit Figure defined time required output cross These numbers derived from measured time taken data output change when loaded with circuit Figure measured number then extrapolated back remove effects charging discharging capacitor. This means that times quoted timing characteristics true relinquish times part and, such, independent external loading capacitances. REV. AD7713 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* ORDERING GUIDE 25°C, unless otherwise noted.) AVDD AGND -0.3 AVDD DGND -0.3 DVDD AGND -0.3 DVDD DGND -0.3 AGND DGND -0.3 AIN1, AIN2 Input Voltage AGND -0.3 AVDD AIN3 Input Voltage AGND -0.3 Reference Input Voltage AGND -0.3 AVDD Digital Input Voltage DGND -0.3 AVDD Digital Output Voltage DGND -0.3 DVDD Operating Temperature Range Commercial Version) -40°C +85°C Extended Version) -55°C +125°C Storage Temperature Range -65°C +150°C Junction Temperature 150°C PDIP Package, Power Dissipation JAThermal Impedance 105°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering sec) 260°C CERDIP Package, Power Dissipation JAThermal Impedance 70°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering 300°C SOIC Package, Power Dissipation JAThermal Impedance 75°C/W Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase sec) 215°C Infrared secs) 220°C Power Dissipation (Any Package) 75°C *Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings cause permanent damage device. This stress rating only; functional operation device these other conditions above those listed operational sections specification implied. Exposure absolute maximum rating conditions extended periods affect device reliability. Model AD7713AN AD7713AR AD7713AR-REEL AD7713AR-REEL7 AD7713AQ AD7713SQ Temperature Range -40°C +85°C -40°C +85°C -40°C +85°C -40°C +85°C -40°C +85°C -55°C +125°C Package Option* N-24 RW-24 RW-24 RW-24 Q-24 Q-24 PDIP; CERDIP; SOIC. 1.6mA OUTPUT 100pF 2.1V Figure Load Circuit Access Time Relinquish Time CAUTION (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges high 4000 readily accumulate human body test equipment discharge without detection. Although AD7713 features proprietary protection circuitry, permanent damage occur devices subjected high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper precautions recommended avoid performance degradation loss functionality. REV. AD7713 CONFIGURATION PDIP, CERDIP, SOIC SCLK MCLK MCLK SYNC MODE DGND DVDD SDATA DRDY VIEW (Not Scale) AGND AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) STANDBY AVDD AD7713 AIN3 RTD2 IN(+) IN(-) RTD1 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Mnemonic SCLK Function Serial Clock. Logic input/output, depending status MODE pin. When MODE high, device self-clocking mode, SCLK provides serial clock output. This SCLK becomes active when goes low, goes high impedance when either returns high when device completed transmission output word. When MODE low, device external clocking mode SCLK acts input. This input serial clock continuous clock with data transmitted continuous train pulses. Alternatively, noncontinuous clock with information being transmitted AD7713 smaller batches data. Master Clock Signal Device. This provided form crystal external clock. crystal tied across MCLK MCLK pins. Alternatively, MCLK driven with CMOS-compatible clock MCLK left unconnected. clock input frequency nominally MHz. When master clock device crystal, crystal connected between MCLK MCLK OUT. Address Input. With this input low, reading writing device control register. With this input high, access either data register calibration registers. Logic Input. Allows synchronization digital filters when using number AD7713s. resets nodes digital filter. Logic Input. When this high, device self-clocking mode. With this low, device external clocking mode. Analog Input Channel Positive input programmable gain differential analog input. AIN1(+) input connected output current source that used check that external transducer burnt gone open circuit. This output current source turned on/off control register. Analog Input Channel Negative input programmable gain differential analog input. Analog Input Channel Positive input programmable gain differential analog input. Analog Input Channel Negative input programmable gain differential analog input. Logic Input. Taking this shuts down internal analog digital circuitry, reducing power consumption less than Analog Positive Supply Voltage, Constant Current Output. nominal constant current provided this pin, which used excitation current RTDs. This current turned control register. Reference Input. IN(-) anywhere between AVDD AGND, provided IN(+) greater than IN(-). Reference Input. reference input differential providing that IN(+) greater than IN(-). IN(+) anywhere between AVDD AGND. MCLK MCLK SYNC MODE AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) STANDBY AVDD RTD1 IN(-) IN(+) REV. AD7713 Mnemonic Function RTD2 Constant Current Output. nominal constant current provided this pin, which used excitation current RTDs. This current turned control register. This second current used eliminate lead resistanced errors 3-wire configurations. Analog Input Channel High level analog input that accepts analog input voltage range nominal VREF gain AIN3 input voltage range Ground Reference Point Analog Circuitry. Transmit Frame Synchronization. Active logic input used write serial data device with serial data expected after falling edge this pulse. self-clocking mode, serial clock becomes active after goes low. external clocking mode, must before first data-word written part. Receive Frame Synchronization. Active logic input used access serial data from device. selfclocking mode, both SCLK SDATA lines become active after goes low. external clocking mode, SDATA line becomes active after goes low. Logic Output. falling edge indicates that output word available transmission. DRDY will return high upon completion transmission full output word. DRDY also used indicate when AD7713 completed on-chip calibration sequence. Serial Data. Input/output with serial data being written either control register calibration registers serial data being accessed from control register, calibration registers, data register. During output data read operation, serial data becomes active after goes (provided DRDY low). During write operation, valid serial data expected rising edges SCLK when low. output data coding natural binary unipolar inputs offset binary bipolar inputs. Digital Supply Voltage, DVDD should exceed AVDD more than normal operation. Ground Reference Point Digital Circuitry. VREF/GAIN. AIN3 AGND DRDY SDATA DVDD DGND TERMINOLOGY Integral Nonlinearity Positive Full-Scale Overrange This maximum deviation code from straight line passing through endpoints transfer function. endpoints transfer function zero scale (not confused with bipolar zero), point below first code transition (000.000 000.001) full scale, point above last code transition (111.110 111.111). error expressed percentage full scale. Positive Full-Scale Error Positive full-scale overrange amount overhead available handle input voltages AIN1(+) AIN2(+) inputs greater than (AIN1(-) VREF/GAIN) AIN3 greater than VREF/GAIN (for example, noise peaks excess voltages system gain errors system calibration routines) without introducing errors overloading analog modulator overflowing digital filter. Negative Full-Scale Overrange Positive full-scale error deviation last code transition (111.110 111.111) from ideal input full-scale voltage. AIN1(+) AIN2(+), ideal full-scale input voltage (AIN1(-) VREF/GAIN LSBs), where AIN(-) either AIN1(-) AIN2(-) appropriate; AIN3, ideal full-scale voltage VREF/GAIN LSBs. Positive full-scale error applies both unipolar bipolar analog input ranges. Unipolar Offset Error This amount overhead available handle voltages AIN1(+) AIN2(+) below (AIN1(-) VREF/GAIN) without overloading analog modulator overflowing digital filter. Offset Calibration Range system calibration modes, AD7713 calibrates offset with respect analog input. offset calibration range specification defines range voltages that AD7713 accept still calibrate offset accurately. Full-Scale Calibration Range Unipolar offset error deviation first code transition from ideal voltage. AIN1(+) AIN2(+), ideal input voltage (AIN1(-) LSB); AIN3, ideal input when operating unipolar mode. Bipolar Zero Error This range voltages that AD7713 accept system calibration mode still calibrate full scale correctly. Input Span This deviation midscale transition (0111 1000 000) from ideal input voltage. AIN1(+) AIN2(+), ideal input voltage (AIN1(-) LSB); AIN3 accommodate only unipolar input ranges. Bipolar Negative Full-Scale Error system calibration schemes, voltages applied sequence AD7713's analog input define analog input range. input span specification defines minimum maximum input voltages from zero full scale that AD7713 accept still calibrate gain accurately. This deviation first code transition from ideal input voltage. AIN1(+) AIN2(+), ideal input voltage (AIN1(-) VREF/GAIN LSB); AIN3 only accommodate unipolar input ranges. REV. AD7713 CONTROL REGISTER BITS) write device with input writes data control register. read device with input accesses contents control register. control register bits wide. When writing register, bits data must written; otherwise, data will loaded FS11 FS10 control register. other words, possible write just first bits data into control register. more than clock pulses provided before returns high, then clock pulses after 24th clock pulse ignored. Similarly, read operation from control register should access bits data. Operating Mode Operating Mode Normal Mode. This normal mode operation device whereby read device with high accesses data from data register. This default condition these bits after internal power-on reset. Activate Self-Calibration. This activates self-calibration channel selected CH1. This 1-step calibration sequence, when complete, part returns normal mode (with MD2, MD1, control registers returning DRDY output indicates when this self-calibration complete. this calibration type, zero-scale calibration done internally shorted (zeroed) inputs, full-scale calibration done VREF. Activate System Calibration. This activates system calibration channel selected CH1. This 2-step calibration sequence, with zero-scale calibration done first selected input channel DRDY indicating when this zero-scale calibration complete. part returns normal mode this first step 2-step sequence. Activate System Calibration. This second step system calibration sequence with full-scale calibration being performed selected input channel. Once again, DRDY indicates when fullscale calibration complete. When this calibration complete, part returns normal mode. Activate System Offset Calibration. This activates system offset calibration channel selected CH1. This 1-step calibration sequence and, when complete, part returns normal mode with DRDY indicating when this system offset calibration complete. this calibration type, zero-scale calibration done selected input channel, full-scale calibration done internally VREF. Activate Background Calibration. This activates background calibration channel selected CH1. background calibration mode AD7713 provides continuous self-calibration reference shorted (zeroed) inputs. This calibration takes place part conversion sequence, extending conversion time reducing word rate factor major advantage that user does have worry about recalibrating device when there change ambient temperature. this mode, shorted (zeroed) inputs VREF, well analog input voltage, continuously monitored, calibration registers device updated. Read/Write Zero-Scale Calibration Coefficients. read device with high accesses contents zero-scale calibration coefficients channel selected CH1. write device with high writes data zero-scale calibration coefficients channel selected CH1. word length reading writing these coefficients bits, regardless status control register. Therefore, when writing calibration register, bits data must written; otherwise, data will transferred calibration register. Read/Write Full-Scale Calibration Coefficients. read device with high accesses contents full-scale calibration coefficients channel selected CH1. write device with high writes data full-scale calibration coefficients channel selected CH1. word length reading writing these coefficients bits, regardless status control register. Therefore, when writing calibration register, bits data must written; otherwise, data will transferred calibration register. REV. AD7713 Gain Gain (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) Channel Selection Channel AIN1 (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) AIN2 AIN3 Word Length Output Word Length 16-Bit (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) 24-Bit Excitation Currents (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) Burn-Out Current (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) Bipolar/Unipolar Selection (Both Inputs) Bipolar (Default Condition after Internal Power-On Reset) Unipolar Filter Selection (FS11 FS0) on-chip digital filter provides sinc3 (sinx/x)3) filter response. bits data programmed into these bits determine filter cutoff frequency, position first notch filter, data rate part. association with gain selection, also determines output noise (and therefore effective resolution) device. first notch filter occurs frequency determined relationship: filter first notch frequency (fCLK IN/512)/code where code decimal equivalent code Bits FS11 range 2,000. With nominal fCLK MHz, this results first notch frequency range from 1.952 205.59 kHz. ensure correct operation AD7713, value code loaded these bits must within this range. Failure this will result unspecified operation device. Changing filter notch frequency, well selected gain, impacts resolution. Tables Figures show effect filter notch frequency gain effective resolution AD7713. output data rate effective conversion time) device equal frequency selected first notch filter. example, first notch filter selected then word available rate every first notch word available every settling time filter full-scale step input change worst case 1/(Output Data Rate). This settling time 100% final value. example, with first filter notch settling time filter full-scale step input change max. first notch settling time filter full-scale input step max. This settling time reduced l/(Output Data Rate) synchronizing step input change reset digital filter. other words, step input takes place with SYNC low, settling time will l/(Output Data Rate). change channels takes place, settling time l/(Output Data Rate) regardless SYNC input. frequency determined programmed first notch frequency according relationship: Filter Frequency 0.262 First Notch Frequency -10- REV. AD7713 Tables show output noise some typical notch frequencies. numbers given bipolar input ranges with VREF These numbers typical generated with analog input voltage output noise from part comes from sources. First, there electrical noise semiconductor devices used implementation modulator (device noise). Second, when analog input signal converted into digital domain, quantization noise added. device noise level largely independent frequency. quantization noise starts even lower level rises rapidly with increasing frequency become dominant noise source. Consequently, lower filter notch settings (below approximately) tend device noise dominated while higher notch settings dominated quantization noise. Changing filter notch cutoff frequency quantization noise dominated region results more dramatic improvement noise performance than does device noise dominated region shown Table Furthermore, quantization noise added after PGA, effective resolution independent gain higher filter notch frequencies. Meanwhile, device noise added and, therefore, effective resolution suffers little high gains lower notch frequencies. lower filter notch settings (below Hz), missing codes performance device 24-bit level. higher settings, more codes will missed until notch setting, missing codes performance guaranteed only 12-bit level. However, since effective resolution part 10.5 bits this filter notch setting; this missing codes performance should more than adequate applications. effective resolution device defined ratio output noise input full scale. This does remain constant with increasing gain with increasing bandwidth. Table same Table except that output expressed terms effective resolution (the magnitude noise with respect VREF/GAIN, i.e., input full scale). possible post filtering device improve output data rate given frequency also further reduce output noise (see Digital Filtering section). Table Output Noise Gain First Notch Frequency First Notch Typical Output Noise (µV) Filter Data Rate Frequency Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.65 0.25 0.38 0.46 0.56 0.65 0.52 1.31 1.57 2.62 3.14 5.24 13.1 26.2 52.4 4.33 5.28 0.78 1.31 2.06 2.36 0.26 0.48 0.63 0.84 1.33 0.33 0.57 0.64 0.87 0.29 0.25 0.44 0.46 0.54 0.63 0.25 0.41 0.43 0.46 0.62 NOTES default condition (after internal power-on reset) first notch filter these filter notch frequencies, output noise primarily dominated device noise, and, result, independent value reference voltage. Therefore, increasing reference voltage will give increase effective resolution device (i.e., ratio noise input full scale increased since output noise remains constant input full scale increases). these filter notch frequencies, output noise dominated quantization noise, and, result, proportional value reference voltage. Table Effective Resolution Gain First Notch Frequency First Notch Effective Resolution* (Bits) Filter Data Rate Frequency Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain Gain 0.52 1.31 1.57 2.62 3.14 5.24 13.1 26.2 52.4 22.5 21.5 18.5 10.5 21.5 18.5 10.5 21.5 20.5 18.5 15.5 19.5 19.5 18.5 15.5 20.5 19.5 19.5 15.5 19.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.5 15.5 12.5 10.5 Gain Gain 18.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 12.5 17.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 14.5 12.5 *Effective resolution defined magnitude output noise with respect input full scale (i.e., resolution numbers rounded nearest LSB. VREF/GAIN). Table applies REV. -11- AD7713 Figures gives similar information that outlined Table this plot, output noise shown full range available cutoff frequencies rather than some typical cutoff frequencies Tables numbers given these plots typical values 25°C. 10000.0 GAIN 1000.0 GAIN GAIN GAIN 100.0 10.0 frequency master clock, MCLK selected gain (see Table III). charge balancing modulator) converts sampled signal into digital pulse train whose duty cycle contains digital information. programmable gain function analog input also incorporated this modulator with input sampling frequency being modified give higher gains. sinc3 digital low-pass filter processes output modulator updates output register rate determined first notch frequency this filter. output data read from serial port randomly periodically rate output register update rate. first notch this digital filter (and therefore frequency) programmed on-chip control register. programmable range this first notch frequency from 1.952 205.59 giving programmable range frequency 0.52 53.9 basic connection diagram part shown Figure This shows AD7713 external clocking mode with both AVDD DVDD pins AD7713 being driven from analog supply. Some applications will have separate supplies both AVDD DVDD, some these cases, analog supply will exceed digital supply (see Power Supplies Grounding section). ANALOG SUPPLY OUTPUT NOISE NOTCH FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure Plot Output Noise Gain Notch Frequency (Gains 1000.0 GAIN 100.0 GAIN GAIN GAIN OUTPUT NOISE DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUT SINGLE-ENDED ANALOG INPUT DVDD AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) AIN3 AVDD DVDD DRDY 10.0 DATA READY TRANSMIT (WRITE) RECEIVE (READ) SERIAL DATA SERIAL CLOCK ADDRESS INPUT AD7713 SDATA SCLK MODE ANALOG GROUND NOTCH FREQUENCY (Hz) DIGITAL GROUND 2.5V REFERENCE STANDBY AGND DGND IN(+) IN(-) DVDD SYNC MCLK MCLK Figure Plot Output Noise Gain Notch Frequency (Gains 128) CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AD7713 with on-chip digital filtering, intended measurement wide dynamic range, frequency signals, such those industrial control process control applications. contains charge balancing) ADC, calibration microcontroller with on-chip static RAM, clock oscillator, digital filter, bidirectional serial communications port. part contains three analog input channels, programmable gain differential input channels, programmable gain high-level single-ended input channel. gain range both inputs from 128. AIN1 AIN2 inputs, this means that input accept unipolar signals between bipolar signals range from when reference input voltage equals input voltage range AIN3 input VREF/ GAIN with nominal reference ANALOG gain input signal selected analog input channel continuously sampled rate determined Figure Basic Connection Diagram AD7713 provides number calibration options that programmed on-chip control register. calibration cycle initiated time writing this control register. part perform self-calibration using on-chip calibration microcontroller SRAM store calibration parameters. Other system components also included calibration loop remove offset gain errors input channel using system calibration mode. Another option background calibration mode where part continuously performs self-calibration updates calibration coefficients. Once part this mode, user does have worry about issuing periodic calibration commands device asking device recalibrate when there change ambient temperature power supply voltage. -12- REV. AD7713 AD7713 gives user access on-chip calibration registers, allowing microprocessor read device's calibration coefficients also write calibration coefficients part from prestored values E2PROM. This gives microprocessor much greater control over AD7713's calibration procedure. also means that user verify that device performed calibration correctly comparing coefficients after calibration with prestored values E2PROM. battery-operated power systems, AD7713 offers standby mode (controlled STANDBY pin) that reduces idle power consumption typically THEORY OPERATION ADCs generally described order analog low-pass filter. simple example first-order shown Figure This contains only first-order low-pass filter integrator. also illustrates derivation alternative name these devices: charge balancing ADCs. DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER INTEGRATOR COMPARATOR general block diagram shown Figure contains following elements: sample-hold amplifier differential amplifier subtracter analog low-pass filter 1-bit (comparator) 1-bit COMPARATOR ANALOG LOW-PASS FILTER DIGITAL FILTER Figure Basic Charge-Balancing consists differential amplifier (whose output difference between analog input output 1-bit DAC), integrator, comparator. term charge balancing comes from fact that this system negative feedback loop that tries keep charge integrator capacitor balancing charge injected input voltage with charge injected 1-bit DAC. When analog input only contribution integrator output comes from 1-bit DAC. charge integrator capacitor output must spend half time half time -FS. Assuming ideal components, duty cycle comparator will 50%. When positive analog input applied, output 1-bit must spend larger proportion time +FS, duty cycle comparator increases. When negative input voltage applied, duty cycle decreases. AD7713 uses second-order modulator digital filter that provides rolling average sampled output. After power-up there step change input voltage, there settling time that must elapse before valid data obtained. Input Sample Rate DIGITAL DATA Figure General operation, analog signal sample subtracter, along with output 1-bit DAC. filtered difference signal comparator, whose output samples difference signal frequency many times that analog signal sampling frequency (oversampling). Oversampling fundamental operation ADCs. Using quantization noise formula (6.02 Number Bits 1.76) 1-bit comparator yields 7.78 AD7713 samples input signal frequency greater (see Table III). result, quantization noise spread over much wider frequency than that band interest. noise band interest reduced still further analog filtering modulator loop, which shapes quantization noise spectrum move most noise energy frequencies outside bandwidth interest. noise performance thus improved from this 1-bit level performance outlined Tables Figures output comparator provides digital input 1-bit DAC, that system functions negative feedback loop that tries minimize difference signal. digital data that represents analog input voltage contained duty cycle pulse train appearing output comparator. retrieved parallel binary data-word using digital filter. modulator sample frequency device remains fCLK IN/512 (3.9 fCLK MHz) regardless selected gain. However, gains greater than achieved combination multiple input samples modulator cycle scaling ratio reference capacitor input capacitor. result multiple sampling, input sample rate device varies with selected gain (see Table III). effective input impedance where input sampling capacitance input sample rate. Table III. Input Sampling Frequency Gain Gain Input Sampling Frequency (fS) fCLK IN/256 (7.8 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (15.6 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (31.2 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (62.4 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (62.4 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (62.4 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (62.4 fCLK MHz) fCLK IN/256 (62.4 fCLK MHz) REV. -13- AD7713 DIGITAL FILTERING Post Filtering AD7713's digital filter behaves like similar analog filter, with minor differences. First, since digital filtering occurs after A-to-D conversion process, remove noise injected during conversion process. Analog filtering cannot this. other hand, analog filtering remove noise superimposed analog signal before reaches ADC. Digital filtering cannot this, noise peaks riding signals near full scale have potential saturate analog modulator digital filter, even though average value signal within limits. alleviate this problem, AD7713 overrange headroom built into modulator digital filter, which allows overrange excursions above analog input range. noise signals larger than this, consideration should given analog input filtering reducing input channel voltage that full scale half that analog input channel full scale. This will provide overrange capability greater than 100% expense reducing dynamic range (50%). Filter Characteristics on-chip modulator provides samples output rate. on-chip digital filter decimates these samples provide data output rate that corresponds programmed first notch frequency filter. Since output data rate exceeds Nyquist criterion, output rate given bandwidth will satisfy most application requirements. However, there some applications that require higher data rate given bandwidth noise performance. Applications that need this higher data rate will require some post filtering following digital filter AD7713. example, required bandwidth 1.57 required update rate data taken from AD7713 rate giving bandwidth 5.24 Post filtering applied this reduce bandwidth output noise, 1.57 bandwidth level, while maintaining output rate Post filtering also used reduce output noise from device bandwidths below 0.52 gain 128, output noise This essentially device noise white noise, since input chopped, noise flat frequency response. reducing bandwidth below 0.52 noise resultant pass band reduced. reduction bandwidth factor results reduction output noise. This additional filtering will result longer settling time. Antialias Considerations cutoff frequency digital filter determined value loaded Bits FS11 control register. maximum clock frequency MHz, minimum cutoff frequency filter 0.52 while maximum programmable cutoff frequency 53.9 Figure shows filter frequency response cutoff frequency 0.52 which corresponds first filter notch frequency This (sinx/x)3 response (also called sinc3) that provides >100 rejection. Programming different cutoff frequency FS11 does alter profile filter response; changes frequency notches outlined Control Register section. GAIN (dB) digital filter does provide rejection integer multiples modulator sample frequency kHz, where 3.). This means that there frequency bands, wide cutoff frequency selected FS11), where noise passes unattenuated output. However, AD7713's high oversampling ratio, these bands occupy only small fraction spectrum, most broadband noise filtered. case, because high oversampling ratio, simple, single-pole filter generally sufficient attenuate signals these bands analog input thus provide adequate antialiasing filtering. passive components placed front AIN1 AIN2 inputs AD7713, care must taken ensure that source impedance enough introduce gain errors system. input impedance AIN1 AIN2 inputs over input appears dynamic load that varies with clock frequency with selected gain (see Figure input sample rate, shown Table III, determines time allowed analog input capacitor, CIN, charged. External impedances result longer charge time this capacitor, which result gain errors being introduced analog inputs. Both inputs differential input channels look into similar input circuitry. RINT TYP) CINT (11.5pF TYP) VBIAS -100 -120 -140 -160 -180 -200 -220 -240 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure Frequency Response AD7713 Filter Since AD7713 contains this on-chip, low-pass filtering, there settling time associated with step function inputs, data output will invalid after step change until settling time elapsed. settling time depends upon notch frequency chosen filter. output data rate equates this filter notch frequency, settling time filter full-scale step input four times output data period. applications using both input channels, settling time filter must allowed elapse before data from second channel accessed. -14- HIGH IMPEDANCE SWITCHING FREQUENCY DEPENDS fCLKIN SELECTED GAIN Figure AIN1, AIN2 Input Impedance REV. AD7713 case, error introduced longer charging times gain error that removed using system calibration capabilities AD7713 provided that resultant span within span limits system calibration techniques AD7713. AIN3 input contains resistive attenuation network outlined Figure typical input impedance this input result, AIN3 input should driven from impedance source. temperature coefficient current sources typically ppm/°C with typical matching between temperature coefficients both current sources ppm/°C. applications where absolute value temperature coefficient large, following schemes used remove drift error. conversion result from AD7713 ratiometric VREF voltage. Therefore, VREF voltage varies with temperature coefficient, temperature drift from current source will removed. 4-wire applications, reference voltage made ratiometric current source using second current with resistor generate reference voltage part. this case, 12.5 resistor used, current source generates across resistor. This applied IN(+) input AD7713 IN(-) input ground will supply VREF part. 3-wire configurations, reference voltage part generated placing resistor (12.5 reference) series with constant current sources. current sources driven within AVDD. reference input AD7713 differential IN(+) IN(-) AD7713 driven from either side resistor. Both schemes ensure that reference voltage part tracks current sources over temperature and, thereby, removes temperature drift error. Bipolar/Unipolar Inputs AIN3 MODULATOR CIRCUIT VBIAS Figure AIN3 Input Impedance ANALOG INPUT FUNCTIONS Analog Input Ranges analog inputs AD7713 provide user with considerable flexibility terms analog input voltage ranges. inputs differential, programmable-gain, input channels that handle either unipolar bipolar input signals. common-mode range these inputs from AGND AVDD, provided that absolute value analog input voltage lies between AGND AVDD third analog input single-ended, programmable gain high-level input that accepts analog input ranges VREF/GAIN. input leakage current AIN1 AIN2 inputs maximum 25°C over temperature). This results offset voltage developed across source impedance. However, this offset effect compensated combination differential input capability part system calibration mode. input current AIN3 input depends input voltage. nominal input voltage range input current typ. Burn Current analog inputs AD7713 accept either unipolar bipolar input voltage ranges while third channel accepts only unipolar signals. Bipolar unipolar options AIN1 AIN2 chosen programming control register. This programs both channels either unipolar bipolar operation. Programming part either unipolar bipolar operation does change input signal conditioning; simply changes data output coding. data coding binary unipolar inputs offset binary bipolar inputs. AIN1 AIN2 input channels differential, result, voltage which unipolar bipolar signals referenced voltage AIN1(-) AIN2(-) inputs. example, AIN1(-) 1.25 AD7713 configured unipolar operation with gain VREF input voltage range AIN1(+) input 1.25 3.75 AIN3 input, input signals referenced AGND. REFERENCE INPUT AIN1(+) input AD7713 contains current source that turned on/off control register. This current source used checking that transducer burnt gone open circuit before attempting take measurements that channel. current turned allowed flow into transducer measurement input voltage AIN1 input taken, indicate that transducer functioning correctly. normal operation, this burn current turned writing control register. Excitation Currents AD7713 also contains matched constant current sources which provided RTD1 RTD2 pins device. These currents turned on/off control register. Writing control register enables these excitation currents. 4-wire applications, these excitation currents used provide excitation current RTD; second current source left unconnected. 3-wire configurations, second on-chip current source used eliminate errors voltage drops across lead resistances. Figures Application section show some configurations with AD7713. REV. reference inputs AD7713, IN(+) IN(-), provide differential reference input capability. commonmode range these differential inputs from AVDD. nominal differential voltage, VREF (REF IN(+) IN(-)), specified operation, reference voltage with degradation performance, provided that absolute value IN(+) IN(-) does exceed AVDD AGND limits. part also functional with VREF voltages down with degraded performance output noise will, terms size, larger. IN(+) must always greater than IN(-) correct operation AD7713. Both reference inputs provide high impedance, dynamic load similar analog inputs. maximum input leakage current over temperature), source resistance result gain errors part. reference inputs -15- AD7713 look like AIN1 analog input (see Figure this case, RINT CINT varies with gain. input sample rate fCLK IN/256 does vary with gain. gains CINT gain gain gain gain 128, 1.25 digital filter AD7713 removes noise from reference input just does with analog input, same limitations apply regarding lack noise rejection integer multiples sampling frequency. output noise performance outlined Tables assumes clean reference. reference noise bandwidth interest excessive, degrade performance AD7713. recommended reference source AD7713 AD680, reference. USING AD7713 SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS digital filter will reset upon issue calibration, command (whether self-calibration, system calibration background calibration) AD7713. This ensures correct operation AD7713. systems where power-on default conditions AD7713 acceptable, calibration performed after power-on, issuing SYNC pulse AD7713 will reset AD7713's digital filter logic. SYNC line, with time constant longer than DVDD power-on time, will perform SYNC function. Accuracy AD7713 operates differently from successive approximation ADCs integrating ADCs. Since samples signal continuously, like tracking ADC, there need start convert command. output register updated rate determined first notch filter, output read time, either synchronously asynchronously. Clocking ADCs, like VFCs other integrating ADCs, contain source nonmonotonicity, inherently offer missing codes performance. AD7713 achieves excellent linearity high quality, on-chip silicon dioxide capacitors, which have very capacitance/voltage coefficient. device also achieves input drift through chopper stabilized techniques input stage. ensure excellent performance over time temperature, AD7713 uses digital calibration techniques that minimize offset gain error. Autocalibration AD7713 requires master clock input, which external TTL/CMOS compatible clock signal applied MCLK with MCLK left unconnected. Alternatively, crystal correct frequency connected between MCLK MCLK OUT, which case clock circuit will function crystal controlled oscillator. lower clock frequencies, ceramic resonator used instead crystal. these lower frequency oscillators, external capacitors required either ceramic resonator crystal. input sampling frequency, modulator sampling frequency, frequency, output update rate, calibration time directly related master clock frequency, fCLK Reducing master clock frequency factor will halve above frequencies update rate will double calibration time. current drawn from DVDD power supply also directly related fCLK Reducing fCLK factor will halve DVDD current will affect current drawn from AVDD power supply. System Synchronization Autocalibration AD7713 removes offset gain errors from device. calibration routine should initiated device whenever there change ambient operating temperature supply voltage. should also initiated there change selected gain, filter notch, bipolar/unipolar input range. However, AD7713 background calibration mode, above changes automatically taken care (after settling time filter been allowed for). AD7713 offers self-calibration, system calibration, background calibration facilities. calibration occur selected channel, on-chip microcontroller must record modulator output different input conditions. These zero-scale full-scale points. With these readings, microcontroller calculate gain slope input output transfer function converter. Internally, part works with resolution bits determine conversion result either bits bits. AD7713 also provides facility write on-chip calibration registers, and, this manner, span offset part adjusted user. offset calibration register contains value that subtracted from conversion results, while full-scale calibration register contains value that multiplied conversion results. offset calibration coefficient subtracted from result prior multiplication full-scale coefficient. first three modes outlined here, DRDY line indicates that calibration complete going low. DRDY before goes during) calibration command, take modulator cycle before DRDY goes high indicate that calibration progress. Therefore, DRDY line should ignored modulator cycle after last calibration command written control register. Self-Calibration multiple AD7713s operated from common master clock, they synchronized update their output registers simultaneously. falling edge SYNC input resets filter places AD7713 into consistent, known state. common signal AD7713's SYNC inputs will synchronize their operation. This would normally done after each AD7713 performed calibration calibration coefficients loaded SYNC input also used reset digital filter systems where turn-on time digital power supply (DVDD) very long. such cases, AD7713 will start operating internally before DVDD line reached minimum operating level, 4.75 With DVDD voltage, AD7713's internal digital filter logic does operate correctly. Thus, AD7713 have clocked itself into incorrect operating condition time that DVDD reached correct level. self-calibration mode with unipolar input range, zero-scale point used determining calibration coefficients with both inputs shorted full-scale point VREF. zero-scale coefficient determined converting internal shorted inputs node. full-scale coefficient determined from span between this shorted inputs conversion conversion internal VREF node. self-calibration mode REV. -16- AD7713 invoked writing appropriate values MD2, MD1, bits control register. this calibration mode, shorted inputs node switched modulator first conversion performed; VREF node then switched another conversion performed. When calibration sequence complete, calibration coefficients updated, filter resettled analog input voltage, DRDY output goes low. self-calibration procedure takes into account selected gain PGA. bipolar input ranges self-calibrating mode, sequence very similar that just outlined. this case, points that AD7713 calibrates midscale (bipolar zero) positive full scale. System Calibration System Offset Calibration System calibration allows AD7713 compensate system gain offset errors well internal errors. System calibration performs same slope factor calculations selfcalibration uses voltage values presented system inputs zero-scale full-scale points. System calibration 2-step process. zero-scale point must presented converter first. must applied converter before calibration step initiated remain stable until step complete. System calibration initiated writing appropriate values MD2, MD1, bits control register. DRDY output from device will signal when step complete going low. After zeroscale point calibrated, full-scale point applied second step calibration process initiated again writing appropriate values MD2, MD1, MD0. Again, full-scale voltage must before calibration initiated, must remain stable throughout calibration step. DRDY goes this second step indicate that system calibration complete. unipolar mode, system calibration performed between endpoints transfer function; bipolar mode, performed between midscale positive full scale. This 2-step system calibration mode offers another feature. After sequence been completed, additional offset gain calibrations performed themselves adjust zero reference point system gain. This achieved performing first step system calibration sequence writing MD2, MD1, MD0). This will adjust zeroscale offset point will change slope factor from what during full system calibration sequence. System calibration also used remove errors from antialiasing filter analog input. simple antialiasing filter front introduce gain error analog input voltage system calibration used remove this error. System offset calibration variation both system calibration self-calibration. this case, zero-scale point system presented input converter. System offset calibration initiated writing MD2, MD1, MD0. system zero-scale coefficient determined converting voltage applied input, while full-scale coefficient determined from span between this conversion conversion VREF. zero-scale point should applied input duration calibration sequence. This 1-step calibration sequence with DRDY going when sequence completed. unipolar mode, system offset calibration performed between endpoints transfer function; bipolar mode, performed between midscale positive full scale. Background Calibration AD7713 also offers background calibration mode where part interleaves calibration procedure with normal conversion sequence. background calibration mode, same voltages used calibration points used self-calibration mode, i.e., shorted inputs VREF. background calibration mode invoked writing MD2, MD1, control register. When invoked, background calibration mode reduces output data rate AD7713 factor while bandwidth remains unchanged. advantage that part continually performing calibration automatically updating calibration coefficients. result, effects temperature drift, supply sensitivity time drift zero- full-scale errors automatically removed. When background calibration mode turned part will remain this mode until Bits MD2, MD1, control register changed. With background calibration mode first result from AD7713 will incorrect full-scale calibration will have been performed. step change input, second output update will have settled 100% final value. Table summarizes calibration modes calibration points associated with them. also gives duration from when calibration invoked when valid data available user. Span Offset Limits Whenever system calibration mode used, there limits amount offset span that accommodated. range input span both unipolar bipolar modes AIN1 AIN2 minimum value VREF/GAIN maximum value VREF/GAIN. AIN3, minimum value VREF/GAIN, while maximum value VREF/GAIN. Table Calibration Truth Table Calibration Type Self-Calibration System Calibration System Calibration System Offset Calibration Background Calibration MD2, MD1, Zero-Scale Calibration Shorted Inputs Shorted Inputs Full-Scale Calibration VREF VREF VREF Sequence 1-Step 2-Step 2-Step 1-Step 1-Step Duration 1/Output Rate 1/Output Rate 1/Output Rate 1/Output Rate 1/Output Rate REV. -17- AD7713 amount offset that accommodated depends whether unipolar bipolar mode being used. This offset range limited requirement that positive full-scale calibration limit 1.05 VREF/GAIN AIN1 AIN2. Therefore, offset range plus span range cannot exceed 1.05 VREF/GAIN AIN1 AIN2. span minimum (0.8 VREF/GAIN), maximum offset (0.25 VREF/GAIN) AIN1 AIN2. AIN3, both ranges multiplied factor bipolar mode, system offset calibration range again restricted span range. span range converter bipolar mode equidistant around voltage used zero-scale point, thus offset range plus half span range cannot exceed (1.05 VREF/GAIN) AIN1 AIN2. span VREF/GAIN, offset span cannot move more than (0.05 VREF/GAIN) before endpoints transfer function exceed input overrange limits (1.05 VREF/GAIN) AIN1. span range minimum (0.4 VREF/GAIN), maximum allowable offset range (0.65 VREF/GAIN) AIN1 AIN2. AIN3 input only used unipolar mode. POWER-UP CALIBRATION also important that power applied AD7713 before signals AIN, logic input pins order avoid excessive current. separate supplies used AD7713 system digital circuitry, then AD7713 should powered first. possible guarantee this, then current limiting resistors should placed series with logic inputs. DIGITAL SUPPLY AVDD DVDD ANALOG SUPPLY AD7713 Figure Recommended Decoupling Scheme DIGITAL INTERFACE power-up, AD7713 performs internal reset, which sets contents control register known state. However, ensure correct calibration device, calibration routine should performed after power-up. power dissipation temperature drift AD7713 warm-up time required before initial calibration performed. However, external reference must have stabilized before calibration initiated. Drift Considerations AD7713's serial communications port provides flexible arrangement allow easy interfacing industry-standard microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors. serial read AD7713 access data from output register, control register, from calibration registers. serial write AD7713 write data control register calibration registers. different modes operation available, optimized different types interface where AD7713 either master system provides serial clock) slave external serial clock provided AD7713). These modes, labeled self-clocking mode external clocking mode, discussed detail following sections. Self-Clocking Mode AD7713 uses chopper stabilization techniques minimize input offset drift. Charge injection analog switches leakage currents sampling node primary sources offset voltage drift converter. input leakage current essentially independent selected gain. Gain drift within converter depends primarily upon temperature tracking internal capacitors. affected leakage currents. Measurement errors offset drift gain drift eliminated time recalibrating converter operating part background calibration mode. Using system calibration mode also minimize offset gain errors signal conditioning circuitry. Integral differential linearity errors significantly affected temperature changes. POWER SUPPLIES GROUNDING AD7713 configured self-clocking mode tying MODE high. this mode, AD7713 provides serial clock signal used transfer data from AD7713. This self-clocking mode used with processors that allow external device clock their serial port, including most digital signal processors microcontrollers, such 68HC11 68HC05. also allows easy interfacing, serial parallel conversion circuits systems with parallel data communication, allowing interfacing 74XX299 universal shift registers without additional decoding. case shift registers, serial clock line should have pull-down resistor instead pull-up resistor shown Figure Figure Read Operation analog digital supplies AD7713 independent separately pinned minimize coupling between analog digital sections device. digital filter will provide rejection broadband noise power supplies, except integer multiples modulator sampling frequency. digital supply (DVDD) must exceed analog positive supply (AVDD) more than separate analog digital supplies used, recommended decoupling scheme shown Figure systems where AVDD DVDD recommended that AVDD DVDD driven from same supply, although each supply should decoupled separately shown Figure preferable that common supply system's analog supply. Data read from either output register, control register, calibration registers. determines whether data read accesses data from control register from output/calibration registers. This signal must remain valid duration serial read operation. With high, data accessed from either output register from calibration registers. With low, data accessed from control register. function DRDY line dependent only output update rate device reading output data register. DRDY goes when data-word available output data register. reset high when last data (either 16th 24th bit) read from output register. data read from output register, DRDY line will remain low. output register will continue updated output update rate, DRDY will indicate this. read from device this circumstance will access most recent REV. -18- AD7713 DRDY SCLK SDATA THREE-STATE Figure Self-Clocking Mode, Output Data Read Operation SCLK SDATA Figure Self-Clocking Mode, Control/Calibration Register Write Operation word output register. data-word becomes available output register while data being read from output register, DRDY will indicate this dataword will lost user. DRDY affected reading from control register calibration registers. Data accessed from output data register only when DRDY low. goes with DRDY high, data transfer will take place. DRDY does have effect reading data from control register from calibration registers. Figure shows timing diagram reading from AD7713 self-clocking mode. This read operation shows read from AD7713's output data register. read from control register calibration registers similar, but, these cases, DRDY line related read function. Depending output update rate, stage control/calibration register read cycle without affecting read status should ignored. read operation from either control calibration registers must always read bits data from respective register. Figure shows read operation from AD7713. timing diagram shown, assumed that there pull-up resistor SCLK output. With DRDY low, input brought low. going enables serial clock AD7713 also places word serial data line. subsequent data bits clocked high-to-low transition serial clock valid prior following rising edge this clock. final active falling edge SCLK clocks LSB, this valid prior final active rising edge SCLK. Coincident with next falling edge SCLK, DRDY reset high. DRDY going high turns SCLK SDATA outputs, this means that data hold time slightly shorter than other bits. Write Operation Data written either control register calibration registers. either case, write operation affected DRDY line, write operation does have effect status DRDY. write operation control register calibration register must always write bits respective register. Figure shows write operation AD7713. determines whether write operation transfers data control register calibration registers. This signal must remain valid duration serial write operation. falling edge enables internally generated SCLK output. serial data loaded AD7713 must valid rising edge this SCLK signal. Data clocked into AD7713 rising edge SCLK signal, with transferred first. last active high time SCLK, loaded AD7713. Subsequent next falling edge SCLK, SCLK output turned off. (The timing diagram Figure assumes pull-up resistor SCLK line.) External Clocking Mode AD7713 configured external clocking mode tying MODE low. this mode, SCLK AD7713 configured input, external serial clock must provided this SCLK pin. This external clocking mode designed direct interface systems which provide serial clock output which synchronized serial data output, including microcontrollers, such 80C51, 87C51, 68HC11, 68HC05, most digital signal processors. Read Operation with self-clocking mode, data read from either output register, control register, calibration registers. determines whether data read accesses data from control register from output/calibration registers. This REV. -19- AD7713 DRDY SCLK SDATA THREE-STATE Figure 12a. External Clocking Mode, Output Data Read Operation DRDY SCLK SDATA THREE-STATE Figure 12b. External Clocking Mode, Output Data Read (RFS Returns High During Read Operation) signal must remain valid duration serial read operation. With high, data accessed from either output register from calibration registers. With low, data accessed from control register. function DRDY line dependent only output update rate device reading output data register. DRDY goes when data-word available output data register. reset high when last data (either 16th 24th bit) read from output register. data read from output register, DRDY line will remain low. output register will continue updated output update rate, DRDY will indicate this. read from device this circumstance will access most recent word output register. data-word becomes available output register while data being read from output register, DRDY will indicate this, dataword will lost user. DRDY affected reading from control register calibration register. Data accessed from output data register only when DRDY low. goes while DRDY high, data transfer will take place. DRDY does have effect reading data from control register from calibration registers. Figures show timing diagrams reading from AD7713 external clocking mode. Figure shows situation where data read from AD7713 read operation. Figure shows situation where data read from AD7713 over number read operations. Both read operations show read from AD7713's output data register. read from control register calibration registers similar, these cases, DRDY line related read function. Depending output update rate, stage control/calibration register read cycle without affecting read status should ignored. read operation from either control calibration registers must always read bits data from respective register. Figure shows read operation from AD7713 where remains duration data-word transmission. With DRDY low, input brought low. input SCLK signal should between read write operations. going places word read serial data line. subsequent data bits clocked high-to-low transition serial clock valid prior following rising edge this clock. penultimate falling edge SCLK clocks final falling edge resets DRDY line high. This rising edge DRDY turns serial data output. Figure shows timing diagram read operation where returns high during transmission word returns again access rest data-word. Timing parameters functions very similar that outlined Figure 12a, Figure number additional times show timing relationships when returns high middle transferring word. should return high during time SCLK. rising edge RFS, SDATA output turned off. DRDY remains will remain until bits data-word read from AD7713, regardless number times changes state during read operation. Depending time between falling edge SCLK rising edge RFS, next (BIT appear data before goes high. When returns again, activates SDATA output. When entire word transmitted, REV. -20- AD7713 SCLK SDATA Figure 13a. External Clocking Mode, Control/Calibration Register Write Operation SCLK SDATA Figure 13b. External Clocking Mode, Control/Calibration Register Write Operation (TFS Returns High During Write Operation) DRDY line will high, turning SDATA output Figure 12a. Write Operation next high level SCLK input. last active high time SCLK input, loaded AD7713. SIMPLIFYING EXTERNAL CLOCKING MODE INTERFACE Data written either control register calibration registers. either case, write operation affected DRDY line, write operation does have effect status DRDY. write operation control register calibration register must always write bits respective register. Figure shows write operation AD7713 with remaining duration write operation. determines whether write operation transfers data control register calibration registers. This signal must remain valid duration serial write operation. before, serial clock line should between read write operations. serial data loaded AD7713 must valid high level externally applied SCLK signal. Data clocked into AD7713 high level this SCLK signal with transferred first. last active high time SCLK, loaded AD7713. Figure shows timing diagram write operation AD7713 with returning high during write operation returning again write rest data-word. Timing parameters functions very similar that outlined Figure 13a, Figure number additional times show timing relationships when returns high middle transferring word. Data loaded AD7713 must valid prior rising edge SCLK signal. should return high during time SCLK. After returns again, next data-word loaded AD7713 clocked REV. many applications, user require facility writing on-chip calibration registers. this case, serial interface AD7713 external clocking mode simplified connecting line input AD7713 (see Figure 14). This means that write device will load data control register (since while low), read device will access data from output data register from calibration registers (since high while low). should noted that this arrangement, user does have capability reading from control register. Another method simplifying interface generate signal from inverted signal. However, generating signals opposite around (RFS from inverted TFS) will cause writing errors. SDATA SCLK FOUR INTERFACE LINES AD7713 Figure Simplified Interface with Connected -21- AD7713 MICROCOMPUTER/MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING AD7713's flexible serial interface allows easy interface most microcomputers microprocessors. Figure shows flowchart diagram typical programming sequence reading data from AD7713 microcomputer, while Figure shows flowchart diagram writing data AD7713. Figures show some typical interface circuits. flowchart Figure continuous read operations from AD7713 output register. example shown, DRDY line continuously polled. Depending microprocessor configuration, DRDY line come interrupt input, which case DRDY will automatically generate interrupt without being polled. Reading serial buffer could anything from read operation three read operations (where bits data read into 8-bit serial register). read operation control/calibration registers similar, but, this case, status DRDY ignored. line brought when line brought when reading from control register. START memory. Writing data serial buffer from accumulator will generally consist either three write operations, depending size serial buffer. flowchart also shows option bits being reversed before being written serial buffer. This depends whether first transmitted microprocessor LSB. AD7713 expects first data stream. cases where data being read being written bytes data reversed, bits will have reversed every byte. START CONFIGURE INITIALIZE SERIAL PORT BRING RFS,TFS HIGH LOAD DATA FROM ADDRESS ACCUMULATOR CONFIGURE INITIALIZE SERIAL PORT REVERSE ORDER BITS BRING RFS,TFS HIGH BRING WRITE DATA FROM ACCUMULATOR SERIAL BUFFER POLL DRDY DRDY LOW? BRING HIGH BRING READ SERIAL BUFFER Figure Flowchart Single Write Operation AD7713 AD7713 8XC51 Interface BRING HIGH REVERSE ORDER BITS Figure shows interface between AD7713 8XC51 microcontroller. AD7713 configured external clocking mode, while 8XC51 configured Mode serial interface mode. DRDY line from AD7713 connected Port P1.2 input 8XC51, DRDY line polled 8XC51. DRDY line connected INT1 input 8XC51 interrupt driven system preferred. DVDD Figure Flowchart Continuous Read Operation AD7713 P1.0 SYNC DRDY SDATA SCLK MODE flowchart also shows bits being reversed after they have been read from serial port. This depends whether microprocessor expects word first word first. AD7713 outputs first. flowchart Figure single 24-bit write operation AD7713 control calibration registers. This shows data being transferred from data memory accumulator before being written serial buffer. Some microprocessor systems will allow data written directly serial buffer from data -22- P1.1 8XC51 P1.2 P1.3 P3.0 P3.1 AD7713 Figure AD7713 8XC51 Interface REV. AD7713 Table shows some typical 8XC51 code used single 24-bit read from output register AD7713. Table shows some typical code single write operation control register AD7713. 8XC51 outputs first write operation while AD7713 expects first, data transmitted rearranged before being written output serial register. Similarly, AD7713 outputs first during read operation while 8XC51 expects first. Therefore, data which read into serial buffer needs rearranged before correct data-word from AD7713 available accumulator. Table 8XC51 Code Reading from AD7713 Table 8XC51 Code Writing AD7713 SCON,#00000000B; IE,#10010000B; IP,#00010000B; SETB 91H; SETB 90H; R1,#003H; R0,#030H; A,#00H; SBUF,A; WAIT: WAIT; ROUTINE: NOP; A,R1; FIN; A,@R; Configure 8051 MODE Operation Enable Serial Reception Enable Transmit Interrupt Prioritize Transmit Interrupt Bring High Bring High Sets Number Bytes Written Write Operation Start Address Bytes Clear Accumulator Initialize Serial Port Wait Interrupt SCON,#00010001B; IE,#00010000B; SETB 90H; SETB 91H; SETB 93H; R1,#003H; R0,#030H; R6,#004H; WAIT: NOP; A,P1; Read Port A,R6; Mask Bits Except DRDY READ; Zero Read SJMP WAIT; Otherwise Keep Polling READ: 90H; Bring 98H; Clear Receive Flag POLL: 98H, READ1 Tests Receive Interrupt Flag SJMP POLL READ A,SBUF; Read Buffer Rearrange Data B.0,C; Reverse Order Bits B.1,C; B.2,C; B.3,C; B.4,C; B.5,C; B.6,C; B.7,C; A,B; @R0,A; Write Data Memory Increment Memory Location Decrement Byte Counter A,R1 Jump Zero WAIT Fetch Next Byte END: SETB Bring High FIN: SJMP Configure 8051 MODE Disable Interrupts P1.0, Used P1.1, Used P1.3, Used Sets Number Bytes Read Read Operation Start Address Where Bytes Will Loaded P1.2 DRDY Interrupt Subroutine Load Accumulator Zero Jump Decrement Byte Counter Move Byte into Accumulator Increment Address Rearrange Data-From First First B.0,C; B.1,C; B.2,C; B.3,C; B.4,C; B.5,C; B.6,C; B.7,C; A,B; 93H; Bring 91H; Bring SBUF,A; Write Serial Port RETI; Return from Subroutine FIN: SETB 91H; High SETB 93H; High RETI; Return from Interrupt Subroutine AD7713 68HC11 Interface Figure shows interface between AD7713 68HC11 microcontroller. AD7713 configured external clocking mode, while port used 68HC11, which single chip mode. DRDY line from AD7713 connected Port input 68HC11, DRDY line polled 68HC11. DRDY line connected input 68HC11 interrupt driven system preferred. 68HC11 MOSI MISO lines should configured wired-OR operation. Depending interface configuration, necessary provide bidirectional buffers between 68HC11 MOSI MISO lines. 68HC11 configured master mode with CPOL Logic CPHA Logic REV. -23- AD7713 DVDD DVDD SYNC DRDY SCLK SDATA MODE 3-Wire Configurations 68HC11 MISO MOSI AD7713 Figure AD7713 68HC11 Interface APPLICATIONS 4-Wire Configurations Figure shows 4-wire application where transducer interfaced directly AD7713. 4-wire configuration, there errors associated with lead resistances current flows measurement leads connected AIN1(+) AIN1(-). current sources used provide excitation current RTD. common nominal resistance value and, therefore, will generate signal, which handled directly analog input AD7713. circuit shown, second excitation current used generate reference voltage AD7713. This reference voltage developed across RREF applied differential reference inputs. nominal reference voltage RREF 12.5 This scheme ensures that analog input voltage span remains ratiometric reference voltage. errors analog input voltage temperature drift current source compensated variation reference voltage. typical matching between current sources less than ppm/°C. AVDD RTD2 DVDD Figure shows 3-wire configuration using AD7713. 3-wire configuration, lead resistances will result errors only current source used will flow through developing voltage error between AIN1(+) AIN1(-). scheme outlined below, second current source used compensate error introduced flowing through RL1. second current flows through RL2. Assuming equal (the leads would normally same material equal length) RTD1 RTD2 match, then error voltage across equals error voltage across RL1, error voltage developed between AIN1(+) AIN1(-). Twice voltage developed across since this common-mode voltage, will introduce errors. reference voltage derived from current sources. This gives benefits eliminating temperature coefficient errors outlined Figure voltage either input within AVDD supply. circuit shown reference. AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) RTD1 12.5k AIN(+) AIN(-) RTD2 AGND INTERNAL CIRCUITRY AD7713 DGND Figure 3-Wire Application with AD7713 4-20 Loop AD7713 IN(+) RREF IN(-) INTERNAL CIRCUITRY RTD1 AD7713's high level input used measure current 4-20 loop applications shown Figure this case, system calibration capabilities AD7713 used remove offset caused flowing through resistor. AD7713 handle input span VREF with VREF even though nominal input voltage range input Therefore, full span used measuring current between ANALOG SUPPLY AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AGND AIN1(+) AIN1(-) DGND 4-20mA LOOP AIN3 AVDD INTERNAL CIRCUITRY VOLTAGE ATTENUATION AD7713 DGND Figure 4-Wire Application with AD7713 AGND Figure 4-20 Measurement Using AD7713 -24- REV. AD7713 OTHER 24-BIT SIGNAL CONDITIONING ADCS AVAILABLE FROM ANALOG DEVICES AD7710 FEATURES Charge Balancing Bits Missing Codes 0.0015% Nonlinearity 2-Channel Programmable Gain Front Gains from Differential Inputs Low-Pass Filter with Programmable Filter Cutoffs Ability Read/Write Calibration Coefficients Bidirectional Microcontroller Serial Interface Internal/External Reference Option Single- Dual-Supply Operation Power typ) with Power-Down Mode typ) APPLICATIONS Weigh Scales Thermocouples Smart Transmitters Chromatography FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) AVDD 2.5V REFERENCE CHARGING BALANCING CONVERTER AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) AVDD AUTO-ZEROED MODULATOR DIGITAL FILTER SYNC VBIAS CLOCK GENERATION SERIAL INTERFACE CONTROL REGISTER OUTPUT REGISTER MCLK MCLK CURRENT AD7710 AGND DGND MODE SDATA SCLK DRDY AD7711 FEATURES Charge Balancing Bits Missing Codes 0.0015% Nonlinearity 2-Channel Programmable Gain Front Gains from Differential Input Single-Ended Input Low-Pass Filter with Programmable Filter Cutoff Ability Read/Write Calibration Coefficients Excitation Current Sources Bidirectional Microcontroller Serial Interface Internal/External Reference Option Single- Dual-Supply Operation Power typ) with Power-Down Mode typ) APPLICATIONS Transducers Process Control Smart Transmitters Portable Industrial Instruments FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) AVDD 2.5V REFERENCE CHARGING BALANCING CONVERTER AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2 RTD1 SERIAL INTERFACE RTD2 CONTROL REGISTER OUTPUT REGISTER VBIAS AVDD AUTO-ZEROED MODULATOR DIGITAL FILTER SYNC CLOCK GENERATION MCLK MCLK AD7711 AGND DGND MODE SDATA SCLK DRDY REV. -25- AD7713 AD7712 FEATURES Charge Balancing Bits Missing Codes 0.0015% Nonlinearity High Level Level Analog Input Channels Programmable Gain Both Inputs Gains from Differential Input Level Channel Low-Pass Filter with Programmable Filter Cutoffs Ability Read/Write Calibration Coefficients Bidirectional Microcontroller Serial Interface Internal/External Reference Option Single- Dual-Supply Operation Power typ) with Power-Down Mode (100 typ) APPLICATIONS Process Control Smart Transmitters Portable Industrial Instruments FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM AVDD DVDD IN(-) IN(+) AVDD 2.5V REFERENCE CHARGING BALANCING CONVERTER AIN1(+) AIN1(-) VBIAS AUTO-ZEROED MODULATOR DIGITAL FILTER SYNC STANDBY CLOCK GENERATION AIN2 VOLTAGE ATTENUATION SERIAL INTERFACE CONTROL REGISTER OUTPUT REGISTER MCLK MCLK AD7712 AGND DGND MODE SDATA SCLK DRDY -26- REV. AD7713 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 24-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] (N-24) Dimensions shown inches (millimeters) 1.185 (30.01) 1.165 (29.59) 1.145 (29.08) 0.295 (7.49) 0.285 (7.24) 0.275 (6.99) 0.325 (8.26) 0.310 (7.87) 0.300 (7.62) 0.150 (3.81) 0.135 (3.43) 0.120 (3.05) 0.015 (0.38) 0.010 (0.25) 0.008 (0.20) 0.180 (4.57) 0.150 (3.81) 0.130 (3.30) 0.110 (2.79) 0.015 (0.38) 0.022 (0.56) 0.018 (0.46) 0.014 (0.36) 0.100 (2.54) 0.060 (1.52) SEATING 0.050 (1.27) PLANE 0.045 (1.14) COMPLIANT JEDEC STANDARDS MO-095AG CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS PARENTHESES) ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS REFERENCE ONLY APPROPRIATE DESIGN 24-Lead Ceramic Dual In-Line Package [CERDIP] (Q-24) Dimensions shown inches (millimeters) 0.005 (0.13) 0.098 (2.49) 0.310 (7.87) 0.220 (5.59) 0.200 (5.08) 1.280 (32.51) 0.060 (1.52) 0.015 (0.38) 0.150 (3.81) 0.320 (8.13) 0.290 (7.37) 0.015 (0.38) 0.008 (0.20) 0.200 (5.08) 0.125 (3.18) 0.023 (0.58) 0.014 (0.36) 0.100 (2.54) 0.070 (1.78) SEATING PLANE 0.030 (0.76) CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS INCHES; MILLIMETER DIMENSIONS PARENTHESES) ROUNDED-OFF INCH EQUIVALENTS REFERENCE ONLY APPROPRIATE DESIGN 24-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC] Wide Body (RW-24) Dimensions shown millimeters (inches) 15.60 (0.6142) 15.20 (0.5984) 7.60 (0.2992) 7.40 (0.2913) 10.65 (0.4193) 10.00 (0.3937) 2.65 (0.1043) 2.35 (0.0925) 0.30 (0.0118) 0.10 (0.0039) 1.27 (0.0500) 0.51 (0.0201) 0.31 (0.0122) SEATING 0.33 (0.0130) PLANE 0.20 (0.0079) 0.75 (0.0295) 0.25 (0.0098) COPLANARITY 0.10 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) COMPLIANT JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013AD CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS PARENTHESES) ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS REFERENCE ONLY APPROPRIATE DESIGN REV. -27- AD7713 Revision History Location 3/04-Data Sheet changed from REV. REV. Page Updated layout .Universal Changes SPECIFICATIONS Changes ORDERING GUIDE Changes Self-Calibration section Changes AD7713 68HC11 Interface section Deleted AD7713 ADSP-2105 Interface section Deleted Figure renumbered succeeding figures Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS C01553-0-3/04(D) Changes FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM -28- REV. Other recent searchesTLC7705 - TLC7705 TLC7705 Datasheet TLC7705Y - TLC7705Y TLC7705Y Datasheet SMA88 - SMA88 SMA88 Datasheet MJE13009 - MJE13009 MJE13009 Datasheet IDT70914S - IDT70914S IDT70914S Datasheet APTGF150SK120T - APTGF150SK120T APTGF150SK120T Datasheet
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