MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1776 MAX1626/ MAX1627 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1836EUT50

24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters _Features o 4.5V to 24V Input Voltage Range The unique current-limited

19-1919; Rev 0; 03/01 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters _Features o 4.5V to 24V Input Voltage Range The unique current-limited control scheme, operating with duty cycles up to 100%, minimizes the dropout voltage (120mV at 100mA). Additionally, this control scheme reduces supply current under light loads to 12µA. High switching frequencies allow the use of tiny surface-mount inductors and output capacitors. The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 step-down converters with internal switching MOSFETs are available in a 6-pin SOT23 package, making them ideal for low-cost, lowpower, space-sensitive applications. For increased output drive capability, use the MAX1776 MAX1776 step-down converter that uses an internal 24V switch to deliver up to 500mA. For even higher currents, use the MAX1626/ MAX1626/ MAX1627 MAX1627 step-down controllers that drive an external P-channel MOSFET to deliver up to 20W. o Internal P-Channel MOSFET o Preset 3.3V or 5.0V Output o Adjustable Output from 1.25V to VIN o Output Currents Up to 125mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 250mA (MAX1837 MAX1837) o Efficiency Over 90% o 12µA Quiescent Current o 3µA Shutdown Current o 100% Maximum Duty Cycle for Low Dropout o Current-Limiting and Overtemperature Protection o Small 6-Pin SOT23 Package Ordering Information TOP MARK PINPACKAGE MAX1836EUT50 MAX1836EUT50 -40°C to +85°C 6 SOT23-6 AANW -40°C to +85°C 6 SOT23-6 AANY MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 -40°C to +85°C 6 SOT23-6 AANX MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 9V Battery Systems TEMP. RANGE MAX1836EUT33 MAX1836EUT33 _Applications PART -40°C to +85°C 6 SOT23-6 AANZ Note: The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 require special solder temperature profile described in the Absolute Maximum Ratings. Notebook Computers Distributed Power Systems Selector Guide Backup Supplies 4mA to 20mA Loop Power Supplies LOAD CURRENT (mA) MAX1836EUT50 MAX1836EUT50 5.0 125 MAX1836EUT33 MAX1836EUT33 Hand-Held Devices Typical Operating Circuit INPUT 4.5V TO 24V PRESET OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.3 125 MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 5.0 250 MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 3.3 250 PART Industrial Control Supplies OUTPUT 3.3V OR 5.0V IN TOP VIEW SHDN OUT MAX1836 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1837 GND Pin Configuration LX FB 1 GND 2 6 5 SHDN 4 MAX1836 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1837 OUT LX FB IN 3 NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. SOT23 _ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 General Description The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 high-efficiency step-down converters provide a preset 3.3V or 5.0V output voltage from supply voltages as high as 24V. Using external feedback resistors, the output voltage may be adjusted from 1.25V to VIN. An internal current-limited switching MOSFET delivers load currents up to 125mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 250mA (MAX1837 MAX1837). MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN, SHDN to GND .-0.3V to +25V LX to GND.-2V to (VIN + 0.3V) OUT, FB to GND.-0.3V to +6V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) (Note 1) 6-Pin SOT23 (derate 8.7mW/°C above +70°C).696mW Operating Temperature Range .-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature .+150°C Storage Temperature Range .-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) (Note 2) .+300°C Note 1: Thermal properties are specified with product mounted on PC board with one square-inch of copper area and still air. Note 2: These devices are constructed using a unique set of packaging techniques that impose a limit on the thermal profile the device can be exposed to during board-level solder attach and rework. This limit permits only the use of the solder profiles recommended in the industry-standard specification, IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020A J-STD-020A, paragraph 7.6, Table 3 for IR/VPR and convection reflow processes. Preheating is required. Hand or wave soldering is not allowed. Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = 0°C to +85°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Input Supply Range Input Undervoltage Lockout Threshold Input Supply Current Input Supply Current in Dropout SYMBOL CONDITIONS VIN VUVLO MIN MAX UNITS 24 V VIN rising 3.55 4.0 4.4 VIN falling 3.45 3.9 4.3 12 25 IIN IIN(DROP) TYP 4.5 VIN = 5V 18 Input Shutdown Current SHDN = GND 3 7 Output Voltage (Preset Mode) FB = GND, ILOAD = 0 to 125mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 250mA (MAX1837 MAX1837) VOUT Output Voltage Range (Adjustable Mode) VOUT Feedback Set Voltage (Adjustable Mode) FB Bias Current 4.80 5.00 MAX183 MAX183_EUT33 EUT33 3.168 3.30 3.432 V (Note 3) 1.25 1.200 LX Switch Minimum Off-Time tON(MAX) LX Switch On-Resistance RLX LX Current Limit ILIM 1.25 -25 50 VFB = 1.3V 1.300 V 7.4 µA +25 nA 100 150 mV 0.4 0.6 µs 7 10 13 µs 1.1 2 VIN = 6V MAX1836 MAX1836 250 312 450 MAX1837 MAX1837 500 625 850 LX Zero-Crossing Threshold -75 Dual Mode is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. 2 V 0.2 tOFF(MIN) LX Switch Maximum On-Time VIN 2.5 VFB = 0 or 1.25V, TA = +25°C VFB rising or falling FB Dual ModeTM Threshold µA 5.20 VOUT = 5V IFB µA µA MAX183 MAX183_EUT50 EUT50 VFB OUT Bias Current V _ +75 mA mV 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = 0°C to +85°C. Typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL Zero-Crossing Timeout LX Switch Leakage Current Dropout Voltage CONDITIONS MIN LX does not rise above the threshold TYP VIN = 18V, LX = GND, TA = +25°C VDROPOUT MAX 30 UNITS µs 1 µA IOUT = 100mA, VIN = 5V 120 mV Line Regulation VIN = 5V to 24V 0.05 % Load Regulation IOUT = 0 to 125mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 250mA (MAX1837 MAX1837) 0.3 % Shutdown Input Threshold V SHDN VIN = 4.5V to 24V (Note 4) 0.8 Shutdown Leakage Current ISHDN V SHDN = 0 or 24V -1 Thermal Shutdown 10°C hysteresis (typ) 2.4 V +1 µA °C 160 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 5) PARAMETER Input Supply Range Input Undervoltage Lockout Threshold Input Supply Current SYMBOL CONDITIONS MAX UNITS 4.5 24 V VIN rising 3.55 4.4 VIN falling 3.45 4.3 VIN VUVLO MIN IIN Output Voltage (Preset Mode) FB = GND, ILOAD = 0 to 125mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 250mA (MAX1837 MAX1837) VOUT Feedback Set Voltage (Adjustable Mode) MAX183 MAX183_EUT50 EUT50 4.80 V VFB rising or falling MAX183 MAX183_EUT33 EUT33 3.168 3.432 1.25 VIN V 1.300 V 7.4 µA 50 150 mV 0.6 µs 7 13 µs 2 VOUT = 5V FB Dual Mode Threshold tOFF(MIN) tON(MAX) LX Switch On-Resistance RLX LX Current Limit ILIM 5.20 0.2 (Note 3) OUT Bias Current LX Switch Maximum On-Time µA 1.200 VFB LX Switch Minimum Off-Time µA 7 SHDN = GND Output Voltage Range (Adjustable Mode) V 25 Input Shutdown Current VOUT TYP VFB = 1.3V VIN = 6V MAX1836 MAX1836 250 450 MAX1837 MAX1837 500 900 mA _ 3 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 5) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN LX Zero-Crossing Threshold TYP MAX UNITS mV -75 +75 Shutdown Input Threshold V SHDN VIN = 4.5V to 24V (Note 4) 0.8 2.4 V Shutdown Leakage Current ISHDN V SHDN = 0 or 24V -1 +1 µA Note 3: When using the shutdown input, the maximum output voltage allowed with external feedback is 5.5V. If the output voltage is set above 5.5V, connect shutdown to the input. Note 4: Shutdown input minimum slew rate (rising or falling) is 10V/ms. Note 5: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested. Typical Operating Characteristics (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = +25°C.) MAX1836EUT33 MAX1836EUT33 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT 3.31 3.30 VIN = 9V to 12V 3.29 VIN = 9V 90 85 80 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc03 VIN = 5V EFFICIENCY (%) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VIN = 5V FIGURE 1 VOUT = 3.3V 95 3.33 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc02 FIGURE 1 3.32 100 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc01 3.33 MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT FIGURE 2 3.32 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX1836EUT33 MAX1836EUT33 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT 3.31 VIN = 5V VIN = 9V 3.30 VIN = 12V 3.29 VIN = 12V 3.28 75 3.28 70 3.27 0 50 100 150 3.27 0.1 200 1 10 100 1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 90 VIN = 9V 85 80 VIN = 9V 140 VIN = 12V 120 3.33 IOUT = 10mA 3.32 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VIN = 5V FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V 160 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc05 FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V FREQUENCY (kHz) 95 180 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc04 100 100 80 60 3.31 IOUT = 200mA 3.30 3.29 40 75 70 0.1 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 4 0 1000 FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V L1 = 47µH 3.28 VIN = 5V 20 VIN = 12V 3.27 0 50 100 150 200 250 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 300 350 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc06 LOAD CURRENT (mA) EFFICIENCY (%) MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters 0 4 8 12 16 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) _ 20 24 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = +25°C.) 80 FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V L1 = 47µH 10 IOUT = 10mA 75 IOUT = 10mA 70 1000 800 IOUT = 10mA 400 200 8 12 16 20 24 LIMITED BY tON(MIN) 0 0 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 8 12 16 20 0 24 4 VIN = 12V TO 24V VIN = 9V 100 5.00 VIN = 7V VIN = 9V VIN = 7V 4.98 FIGURE 6 VOUT = 5.0V 95 EFFICIENCY (%) 5.02 8 12 16 20 24 MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc10 5.04 LIMITED BY ILIM INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VIN = 12V 90 85 80 75 VIN = 18V VIN = 24V FIGURE 6 4.96 70 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0.1 1 10 100 1000 LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD CURRENT NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE FIGURE 6 VOUT = 5.0V 350 15 14 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) 300 250 200 150 100 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc13 400 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc12 4 IOUT = 200mA 600 1 0 FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V L1 = 47µH MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc09 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc08 IOUT = 200mA PEAK INDUCTOR CURRENT (mA) IOUT = 200mA DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 85 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) FIGURE 2 VOUT = 3.3V L1 = 47µH MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc07 100 95 MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 PEAK INDUCTOR CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc11 MAX1837EUT33 MAX1837EUT33 EFFICIENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE 13 12 11 50 0 10 0 100 200 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 300 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) _ 5 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (Circuits of Figures 1 (MAX1836 MAX1836) and 2 (MAX1837 MAX1837), VIN = 12V, SHDN = IN, TA = +25°C.) MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 LINE TRANSIENT MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 LOAD TRANSIENT MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc15 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc14 20V 400mA 200mA A A 10V 0 0 5.02V 5.1V 5.00V B B 5.0V 4.98V 4.9V 750mA 500mA 250mA 0 C C 0 400µs/div 100µs/div A: VIN = 9V to 18V, 10V/div B: VOUT = 5V, ROUT = 100, 100mV/div C: IL, 500mA/div FIGURE 6 A: IOUT = 10mA to 250mA, 200mA/div B: VOUT = 5V, 20mV/div C: IL, 500mA/div VIN = 12V, FIGURE 6 MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 LINE TRANSIENT NEAR DROPOUT MAX1837EUT50 MAX1837EUT50 STARTUP WAVEFORM MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc16 MAX1836/7 MAX1836/7 toc17 15V 10V A 5V A 0 5.1V 4V B 5.0V 2V 4.9V B 0 500mA C 0 500mA C 0 400µs/div A: VIN = 5V to 12V, 5V/div B: VOUT = 5V, ROUT = 100, 100mV/div C: IL, 500mA/div FIGURE 6 6 2V 200µs/div A: VSHDN = 0 to 2V, 2V/div B: VOUT = 5V, ROUT = 100, 2V/div C: IL, 500mA/div VIN = 12V, FIGURE 6 _ 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters PIN NAME FUNCTION Dual Mode Feedback Input. Connect to GND for the preset 3.3V (MAX183 MAX183_EUT33 EUT33) or 5.0V (MAX183 MAX183_EUT50 EUT50) output. Connect to a resistive divider between the output and FB to adjust the output voltage between 1.25V and VIN, and connect the OUT pin to GND. When setting output voltages above 5.5V, permanently connect SHDN to IN. 1 FB 2 GND 3 IN Input Voltage. 4.5V to 24V input range. Connected to the internal P-channel power MOSFET's source. 4 LX Inductor Connection. Connected to the internal P-channel power MOSFET's drain. 5 SHDN Shutdown Input. A logic low shuts down the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 and reduces supply current to 3µA. LX is high impedance in shutdown. Connect to IN for normal operation. When setting output voltages above 5.5V, permanently connect SHDN to IN. 6 OUT Regulated Output Voltage High-Impedance Sense Input. Internally connected to a resistive divider. Connect to the output when using the preset output voltage. Connect to GND when using an external resistive divider to adjust the output voltage. INPUT 4.5V OR 12V CIN 10µF 25V Ground L1 47µH IN OUTPUT 3.3V OR 5.0V LX D1 SHDN COUT 100µF 6.3V INPUT 4.5V OR 12V CIN 10µF 25V L1 22µH IN LX D1 SHDN OUT COUT 150µF 6.3V OUT MAX1836 MAX1836 GND OUTPUT 3.3V OR 5.0V MAX1837 MAX1837 FB GND FB CIN = Taiyo Yuden TMK432BJ106KM TMK432BJ106KM L1 = Sumida CDRH5D28-470 CDRH5D28-470 COUT = Sanyo POSCAP 6TPC100M 6TPC100M (SMALLER CAPACITORS CAN BE USED FOR 5V) D1 = Nihon EP05Q03L EP05Q03L CIN = Taiyo Yuden TMK432BJ106KM TMK432BJ106KM L1 = Sumida CDRH5D28-220 CDRH5D28-220 COUT = Sanyo OS-CON 6SA150M 6SA150M (SMALLER CAPACITORS CAN BE USED FOR 5V) D1 = Nihon ED05Q03L ED05Q03L NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. Figure 1. Typical MAX1836 MAX1836 Application Circuit Detailed Description The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 step-down converters are designed primarily for battery-powered devices, notebook computers, and industrial control applications. A unique current-limited control scheme provides high efficiency over a wide load range. Operation up to 100% duty cycle allows the lowest possible dropout voltage, increasing the useable supply voltage range. Under no-load, the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 draw only 12µA, and in shutdown mode, they draw only 3µA to further reduce power consumption and extend battery Figure 2. Typical MAX1837 MAX1837 Application Circuit life. Additionally, an internal 24V switching MOSFET, internal current sensing, and a high switching frequency minimize PC board space and component cost. Current-Limited Control Architecture The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 use a proprietary current-limited control scheme that operates with duty cycles up to 100%. These DC-DC converters pulse as needed to maintain regulation, resulting in a variable switching frequency that increases with the load. This eliminates the high supply currents associated with conventional con- _ 7 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Pin Description MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters INPUT 4.5V OR 24V CIN L1 LX IN SHDN OUTPUT 3.3V OR 5.0V D1 COUT VSENSE OUT R Q FB MAXIMUM OFF-TIME DELAY S Q TRIG 100mV Q TRIG MAXIMUM ON-TIME DELAY VSET 1.25V GND MAX1836 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1837 Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram stant-frequency pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controllers that switch the MOSFET unnecessarily. When the output voltage is too low, an error comparator sets a flip-flop, which turns on the internal P-channel MOSFET and begins a switching cycle (Figure 3). As shown in Figure 4, the inductor current ramps up linearly, charging the output capacitor and servicing the load. The MOSFET turns off when the current limit is reached, or when the maximum on-time is exceeded while the output voltage is in regulation. Otherwise, the MOSFET remains on, allowing a duty cycle up to 100% to ensure the lowest possible dropout voltage. Once the MOSFET turns off, the flip-flop resets, diode D1 turns on, and the current through the inductor ramps back down, transferring the stored energy to the output capacitor and load. The MOSFET remains off until the 0.5µs minimum off-time expires and the inductor current ramps down to zero, and the output voltage drops back below the set point. Input-Output (Dropout) Voltage A step-down converter's minimum input-to-output voltage differential (dropout voltage) determines the lowest useable input supply voltage. In battery-powered sys8 10V A 0 B 3.3V 500mA C 0 4µs/div CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2, VIN = 12V A. VLX, 5V/div B. VOUT = 3.3V, 20mV/div, 200mA LOAD C. INDUCTOR CURRENT, 500mA/div Figure 4. Discontinuous-Conduction Operation tems, this limits the useful end-of-life battery voltage. To maximize battery life, the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 operate with duty cycles up to 100%, which minimizes the _ 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters Dropout voltage is defined as the difference between the input and output voltages when the input is low enough for the output to drop out of regulation. For a step-down converter with 100% duty cycle, the dropout voltage depends on the MOSFET drain-to-source onresistance (RDS(ON) and inductor series resistance; therefore, it is proportional to the load current: ( VDROPOUT = IOUT × RDS(ON) + RINDUCTOR ) Shutdown (SHDN) A logic-level low voltage on SHDN shuts down the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837. When shut down, the supply current drops to 3µA to maximize battery life, and the internal P-channel MOSFET turns off to isolate the output from the input. The output capacitance and load current determine the rate at which the output voltage decays. A logic-level high voltage on SHDN activates the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837. Do not leave SHDN floating. If unused, connect SHDN to IN. When setting output voltages above 5.5V, the shutdown feature cannot be used, so SHDN must be permanently connected to IN. The SHDN input voltage slew rate must be greater than 10V/ms. Thermal-Overload Protection Thermal-overload protection limits total power dissipation in the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837. When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +160°C, a thermal sensor turns off the pass transistor, allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the pass transistor on again after the IC's junction temperature cools by 10°C, resulting in a pulsed output during continuous thermal-overload conditions. Design Information Output Voltage Selection The feedback input features dual mode operation. Connect the output to OUT and FB to GND for the preset output voltage. The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 are supplied with factory-set output voltages of 3.3V or 5.0V. The two-digit part number suffix identifies the output voltage (see Selector Guide). For example, the MAX1836EUT33 MAX1836EUT33 has a preset 3.3V output voltage. The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 output voltage may be adjusted by connecting a voltage divider from the output to FB (Figure 5). When externally adjusting the output voltage, connect OUT to GND. Select R2 in the 10k to 100k range. Calculate R1 with the following equation: V R1 = R2 OUT - 1 VFB where VFB = 1.25V, and VOUT may range from 1.25V to VIN. When setting output voltages above 5.5V, the shutdown feature cannot be used, so SHDN must be permanently connected to IN. Inductor Selection When selecting the inductor, consider these four parameters: inductance value, saturation current rating, series resistance, and size. The MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 operate with a wide range of inductance values. For most applications, values between 10µH and 100µH work best with the controller's switching frequency. Calculate the minimum inductance value as follows: L(MIN) = (VIN(MAX) - VOUT ) t ON(MIN) ILIM where tON(MIN) = 1.0µs. Inductor values up to six times L(MIN) are acceptable. Low-value inductors may be smaller in physical size and less expensive, but they result in higher peak-current overshoot due to currentsense comparator propagation delay (300ns). Peakcurrent overshoot reduces efficiency and could exceed the current ratings of the internal switching MOSFET and external components. The inductor's saturation current rating must be greater than the peak switching current, which is determined by the switch current limit plus the overshoot due to the 300ns current-sense comparator propagation delay: INPUT 4.5V OR 24V IN CIN OUTPUT 1.25V TO VIN L1 LX D1 SHDN R1 COUT FB MAX1836 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1837 GND R2 OUT NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. Figure 5. Adjustable Output Voltage _ 9 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 input-to-output voltage differential. When the supply voltage approaches the output voltage, the P-channel MOSFET remains on continuously to supply the load. MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters (V - V ) 300ns IPEAK = ILIM + IN OUT L where the switch current-limit (ILIM) is typically 312mA (MAX1836 MAX1836) or 625mA (MAX1837 MAX1837). Saturation occurs when the inductor's magnetic flux density reaches the maximum level the core can support, and the inductance starts to fall. Inductor series resistance affects both efficiency and dropout voltage (see Input-Output Voltage). High series resistance limits the maximum current available at lower input voltages and increases the dropout voltage. For optimum performance, select an inductor with the lowest possible DC resistance that fits in the allotted dimensions. Typically, the inductor's series resistance should be significantly less than that of the internal Pchannel MOSFET's on-resistance (1.1 typ). Inductors with a ferrite core, or equivalent, are recommended. The maximum output current of the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 current-limited converter is limited by the peak inductor current. For the typical application, the maximum output current is approximately: IOUT(MAX) = 1 IPEAK 2 Output Capacitor Choose the output capacitor to supply the maximum load current with acceptable voltage ripple. The output ripple has two components: variations in the charge stored in the output capacitor with each LX pulse, and the voltage drop across the capacitor's equivalent series resistance (ESR) caused by the current into and out of the capacitor. VRIPPLE VRIPPLE(ESR) + VRIPPLE(C) The output voltage ripple as a consequence of the ESR and output capacitance is: VRIPPLE(ESR) = IPEAKESR L(IPEAK - IOUT ) VIN V -V 2COUT VOUT IN OUT 2 VRIPPLE(C) = where IPEAK is the peak inductor current (see Inductor Selection). These equations are suitable for initial capacitor selection, but final values should be set by testing a prototype or evaluation circuit. As a general rule, a smaller amount of charge delivered in each pulse results in less output ripple. Since the amount of charge delivered in each oscillator pulse is determined 10 by the inductor value and input voltage, the voltage ripple increases with larger inductance but decreases with lower input voltages. With low-cost aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the ESR-induced ripple can be larger than that caused by the current into and out of the capacitor. Consequently, high-quality low-ESR aluminum-electrolytic, tantalum, polymer, or ceramic filter capacitors are required to minimize output ripple. Best results at reasonable cost are typically achieved with an aluminum-electrolytic capacitor in the 100µF range, in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor. Input Capacitor The input filter capacitor reduces peak currents drawn from the power source and reduces noise and voltage ripple on the input caused by the circuit's switching. The input capacitor must meet the ripple-current requirement (IRMS) imposed by the switching currents defined by the following equation: IRMS = ILOAD VOUT (VIN - VOUT ) VIN For most applications, nontantalum chemistries (ceramic, aluminum, polymer, or OS-CON) are preferred due to their robustness with high inrush currents typical of systems with low-impedance battery inputs. Alternatively, two (or more) smaller-value low-ESR capacitors can be connected in parallel for lower cost. Choose an input capacitor that exhibits VIN. Schottky diodes are preferred. For high-temperature applications, Schottky diodes may be inadequate due to their high leakage currents. In such cases, ultra-high-speed silicon rectifiers are recommended, although a Schottky diode with a higher reverse voltage rating can often provide acceptable performance. MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Stability Commonly, instability is caused by excessive noise on the feedback signal or ground due to poor layout or improper component selection. When seen, instability typically manifests itself as "motorboating," which is _ 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Table 1. Component Suppliers SUPPLIER PHONE FAX INTERNET Coilcraft 847-639-6400 847-639-1469 www.coilcraft.com Coiltronics 561-241-7876 561-241-9339 www.coiltronics.com Sumida USA 847-956-0666 847-956-0702 www.sumida.com Toko 847-297-0070 847-699-1194 www.tokoam.com www.avxcorp.com INDUCTORS CAPACITORS AVX 803-946-0690 803-626-3123 Kemet 408-986-0424 408-986-1442 www.kemet.com Panasonic 847-468-5624 847-468-5815 www.panasonic.com Sanyo 619-661-6835 619-661-1055 www.secc.co.jp Taiyo Yuden 408-573-4150 408-573-4159 www.t-yuden.com Central Semiconductor 516-435-1110 516-435-1824 www.centralsemi.com International 310-322-3331 310-322-3332 www.irf.com Nihon 847-843-7500 847-843-2798 www.niec.co.jp On Semiconductor 602-303-5454 602-994-6430 www.onsemi.com Zetex 516-543-7100 516-864-7630 www.zetex.com DIODES characterized by grouped switching pulses with large gaps and excessive low-frequency output ripple during no-load or light-load conditions. PC Board Layout and Grounding High switching frequencies and large peak currents make PC board layout an important part of the design. Poor layout may introduce switching noise into the feedback path, resulting in jitter, instability, or degraded performance. High-power traces, bolded in the typical application circuits (Figures 1 and 2), should be as short and wide as possible. Additionally, the current loops formed by the power components (CIN, COUT, L1, and D1) should be as tight as possible to avoid radiated noise. Connect the ground pins of these power components at a common node in a star-ground configuration. Separate the noisy traces, such as the LX node, from the feedback network with grounded copper. Furthermore, keep the extra copper on the board, and integrate it into a pseudoground plane. When using external feedback, place the resistors as close to the feedback pin as possible to minimize noise coupling. The MAX1837 MAX1837 evaluation kit shows the recommended layout. Applications Information High-Voltage Step-Down Converter The typical application circuits' (Figures 1 and 2) components were selected for 9V battery applications. However, the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 input voltage range allows supply voltages up to 24V. Figure 6 shows a modified application circuit for high-voltage applications. When using higher input voltages, verify that the input capacitor's voltage rating exceeds VIN(MAX) and that the inductor value exceeds the minimum inductance recommended in the Inductor Selection section of this data sheet. Inverter Configuration Figure 7 shows the MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 in a floating ground configuration. By connecting what would normally be the output to the supply-voltage ground, the IC's ground pin is forced to regulate to -5V (MAX183 MAX183_EUT50 EUT50) or -3.3V (MAX183 MAX183_EUT33 EUT33). Avoid exceeding the maximum ratings of 24V between IN and GND, and 5.5V between OUT and GND. Other negative voltages may be generated by placing a resistive divider across the output capacitor and connecting the tap to FB in the same manner as the normal step-down configuration. _ 11 MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters INPUT 4.5V TO 24V CIN 10µF 25V L1 47µH IN OUTPUT 5.0V INPUT 3.6V TO 18V LX D1 SHDN OUT MAX1837 MAX1837 GND COUT 68µF 10V CIN 10µF L1 47µH IN LX OUT SHDN + COUT 100µF D1 MAX1836 MAX1836 MAX1837 MAX1837 GND OUTPUT -3.3V OR -5.0V FB FB NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. CIN = Taiyo Yuden TMK432BJ106KM TMK432BJ106KM L1 = Sumida CDRH5D28-470 CDRH5D28-470 COUT = Sanyo POSCAP 10TPC68M 10TPC68M D1 = Nihon EP05Q03L EP05Q03L Figure 7. MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Inverter Configuration NOTE: HIGH-CURRENT PATHS SHOWN WITH BOLD LINES. Chip Information Figure 6. High-Voltage Application TRANSISTOR COUNT: 731 PROCESS: BiCMOS 12 _ 24V Internal Switch, 100% Duty Cycle, Step-Down Converters Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 _ 13 © 2001 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX1836/MAX1837 MAX1836/MAX1837 Package Information