CFAH1601B-TFH-ET ST7066U HD44780 CFAH1601B-TMI-ET CFAH1601B-YYH-ET - Datasheet Archive

 

CHARACTER LCD MODULE SPECIFICATIONS Crystalfontz Model Number CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Hardware Version Revision A Data Sheet Version

 

Crystalfontz America, Incorporated CHARACTER LCD MODULE SPECIFICATIONS Crystalfontz Model Number CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Hardware Version Revision A Data Sheet Version Revision 1.0, October 2008 Product Pages Crystalfontz America, Incorporated 12412 East Saltese Avenue Spokane Valley, WA 99216-0357 Phone: Fax: Email: URL: 888-206-9720 509-892-1203 techinfo@crystalfontz.com www.crystalfontz.com Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 2 REVISION HISTORY HARDWARE 2008/10/15 Current hardware version: vA New module. DATA SHEET 2008/10/15 Current Data Sheet version: v1.0 New Data Sheet. The Fine Print Certain applications using Crystalfontz America, Inc. products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage ("Critical Applications"). CRYSTALFONTZ AMERICA, INC. PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. Inclusion of Crystalfontz America, Inc. products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. In order to minimize risks associated with customer applications, adequate design and operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazard. Please contact us if you have any questions concerning potential risk applications. Crystalfontz America, Inc. assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringements of patents or services described herein. Nor does Crystalfontz America, Inc. warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, or other intellectual property right of Crystalfontz America, Inc. covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which our products or services might be or are used. The information in this publication is deemed accurate but is not guaranteed. Company and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright © 2008 by Crystalfontz America, Inc., 12412 East Saltese Avenue, Spokane Valley, WA 99216-0357 U.S.A. Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 3 CONTENTS MAIN FEATURES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 Module Classification Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 Ordering Information - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Physical Characteristics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Module Outline Drawing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 System Block Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Driving Method - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 DC Characteristics (5V and 3.3V Operation) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 Details of Interface Pin Functions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 Quick Reference for Pin Functions (Front & Back Photos) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 Typical VO Connections for Display Contrast - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 Optical Characteristics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 Optical Definitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 LED Backlight Characteristics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 LCD CONTROLLER INTERFACE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 Display Position DDRAM Address - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 Character Generator ROM (CGROM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 MODULE RELIABILITY AND LONGEVITY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 Module Reliability - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 Module Longevity (EOL / Replacement Policy) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 APPENDIX A: QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23 APPENDIX B: APPLICATION NOTE FOR 3.3V OPERATION - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 APPENDIX C: SITRONIX ST7066U ST7066U CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SHEET - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Module Outline Drawing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 Figure 2. Back View of Pins (Labeled) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 Figure 3. Front View of Pins (Labeled) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 Figure 4. Typical VO Connections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 Figure 5. Definition of Operation Voltage (VOP) (Positive)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 Figure 6. Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) (Positive) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 Figure 7. Definition of Horizontal and Vertical Viewing Angles (CR>2)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 Figure 8. Definition of 6:00 O'Clock and 12:00 O'Clock Viewing Angles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 Figure 9. Typical LED Backlight Connections for "Always On" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Figure 10. Example of LED Backlight Connections for PWM Dimming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 Figure 11. Character Generator ROM (CGROM) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 4 MAIN FEATURES 16 characters by 1 line LCD has a large display area in a compact 85.0 (W) x 28.0 (H) x 13.5 (D) millimeter package (3.35" (W) x 1.10" (H) x 0.53" (D). 4-bit or 8-bit parallel interface. Standard Hitachi HD44780 HD44780 equivalent controller. White edge LED backlight with FSTN, positive, light-grey, transflective mode LCD (displays dark characters on light background). Wide temperature operation: -20°C to +70°C. Direct sunlight readable. RoHS compliant. MODULE CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION CFA H 1 6 0 1 B - T F H - E T * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 bk bl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brand Crystalfontz America, Inc. Display Type H ­ Character Number of Characters (Width) 16 Characters Number of Lines (Height) 1 Line Model Identifier B Backlight Type & Color T ­ LED, white Fluid Type, Image (Positive or Negative), & LCD Glass Color Polarizer Film Type, Wide (WT) Temperature Range, & Viewing Angle (O'clock) Character Set (CGROM) F ­ FSTN, positive, light-grey 9 bk Controller bl Special Codes H ­ Transflective, WT, 6:001 E ­ English and European fonts T ­ Sitronix ST7066U ST7066U * ­ May have additional manufacturer's codes at this location. 1 Note: For more information on Viewing Angle, see Definition of 6 O'Clock and 12:00 O'Clock Viewing Angles (Pg. 15). Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 5 ORDERING INFORMATION PART NUMBER FLUID LCD GLASS COLOR IMAGE POLARIZER FILM CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET FSTN light-grey positive transflective BACKLIGHT COLOR/TYPE white LED Additional variants (same form factor, different LCD mode or backlight): CFAH1601B-TMI-ET CFAH1601B-TMI-ET STN blue negative transmissive white LED CFAH1601B-YYH-ET CFAH1601B-YYH-ET STN yellow-green positive transflective yellow-green LED MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ITEM SIZE Number of Characters and Lines 16 Characters x 1 Line Module Dimensions 85.0 (W) x 28.0 (H) x 13.5 (D) mm Viewing Area 66.0 (W) x 16.0 (H) mm Active Area 59.62 (W) x 6.56 (H) mm Character Size 3.07 (W) x 6.56 (H) mm Character Pitch 3.77 (W) mm* Dot Size 0.55 (W) x 0.75 (H) mm Dot Pitch 0.63 (W) x 0.83 (H) mm Weight 33 grams (typical) *Single line display has no vertical character pitch. 6.38 4-Ø2. 5 4-Ø5.0 2.5 copyright © 2008 by Pin Details 12.69 2 14 1 13 www.crystalfontz.com/products/ 71.2 Bezel Part No.(s): .08 CFAH1601B-TFH CFAH1601B-TFH CFAH1601B-TMI CFAH1601B-TMI Detail A .08 .55 .63 80.0 PCB Mounting Holes 59.62 Active Area 66.0 Viewing Area Millimeters Units: 28.0±0.5 PCB See Detail A 4-Ø1.0 PTH K1 Not to scale Scale: A A1 K 10.72 6.56 A.A. 6.9 16-Ø1.0 PTH 16-Ø1.8 Pad 2.54 2.0 25.3 PCB Mounting Holes 9.5 6.0 16.0 V.A. 85.0±0.5 PCB 1.4 25.2 Bezel Tolerance is ±0.3 mm unless specified. .83 .75 Connector Mounting Holes (7-1) x 2.54 mm = (7-1 x .01" = 15.24 Crystalfontz America, Inc. (P2.54 x (7-1) = 6) 15.24 Figure 1. Module Outline Drawing 3.07 2008/10/02 CFAH1601B CFAH1601B_master Drawing Number: Date: 3.77 1.6 Sheet: 1 of 1 vA Hardware Rev.: Dot Dimensions (Nominal Pixel Detail) 8.9 13.5 Maximum 6.56 Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 6 MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 7 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM MPU RS R/W HD44780 HD44780 Equivalent E A Com1-8 LED Backlight 16 x 1 LCD VR 10K-20K 10K-20K Bias and VDD Vo VSS Power Circuit DB0-DB7 Seg1-40 DRIVING METHOD DRIVING METHOD SPECIFICATION Duty 1/16 Bias 1/5 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SYMBOL MINIMUM MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Operating Temperature* TOP -20°C +70°C Storage Temperature* TST -30°C +80°C VI VSS VDD Supply Voltage for Logic VDD - VSS -0.3v +7v Supply Voltage for LCD VDD - VO -0.3v +13v Input Voltage *Note: Prolonged exposure at temperatures outside of this range may cause permanent damage to the module. K Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 8 DC CHARACTERISTICS (5V AND 3.3V OPERATION) Supply Voltage for Logic Input High Voltage VDD = 5V VDD = 5V LCD Glass +5.0v +5.5v VIH +3.5v VDD VOH without backlight TA = +25ºC TA = +70ºC Pins: E, RS, R/W, DB0 - DB7 IOH = - 0.1 mA Pins: DB0 - DB7 +3.7v +0.4v IDD IOL = 0.1 mA Pins: DB0 - DB7 1.2 mA TA = -20ºC Supply Voltage for Driving LCD NOTES +0.6v VOL Output Low Voltage Supply Current +4.5v VIL Input Low Voltage Output High Voltage MAXIMUM VDD - VSS TEST CONDITION TYPICAL Controller and Board DC CHARACTERISTICS (4.5 to 5.5 volts) MINIMUM PART SYMBOL 5V OPERATION +4.2v VDD - VO +3.8v +3.6v This is a summary of the module's major operating parameters. For detailed information, see APPENDIX C: SITRONIX ST7066U ST7066U CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SHEET (Pg. 28). Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 9 Supply Voltage for Logic Input High Voltage VDD = 3.3V VDD = 3.3V LCD Glass +3.3v +4.5v VIH +2.3v VDD VOH without backlight TA = +25ºC TA = +70ºC Pins: E, RS, R/W, DB0 - DB7 IOH = - 0.1 mA Pins: DB0 - DB7 +2.4v +0.4v IDD IOL = 0.1 mA Pins: DB0 - DB7 1.2 mA TA = -20ºC Supply Voltage for Driving LCD NOTES +0.6v VOL Output Low Voltage Supply Current +2.7v VIL Input Low Voltage Output High Voltage MAXIMUM VDD - VSS TEST CONDITION TYPICAL Controller and Board DC CHARACTERISTICS (2.7 to 4.5 volts) MINIMUM PART SYMBOL 3.3V OPERATION +4.2v VDD - VO +3.8v +3.6v This is a summary of the module's major operating parameters. For detailed information see APPENDIX C: SITRONIX ST7066U ST7066U CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SHEET (Pg. 28). For more information about 3.3v operation, please see APPENDIX B: APPLICATION NOTE FOR 3.3V OPERATION (Pg. 26). Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 10 DIRECTION DETAILS OF INTERFACE PIN FUNCTIONS PIN SIGNAL LEVEL DESCRIPTION 1 VSS 0v 2 VDD +5.0v 3 VO variable 4 RS H/L I Register selection input H: Data register (for read and write) 5 R/W H/L I H: Read (MPU Module) L: Write (MPU Module) 6 E H,H L I Read/write enable signal H: Read data is enabled by a high level H L: Write data is latched on the falling edge 7 DB0 H/L I/O Data bit 0 8 DB1 H/L I/O Data bit 1 9 DB2 H/L I/O Data bit 2 10 DB3 H/L I/O Data bit 3 11 DB4 H/L I/O Data bit 4 12 DB5 H/L I/O Data bit 5 13 DB6 H/L I/O Data bit 6 14 DB7 H/L I/O Data bit 7 Ground Supply voltage for logic Supply voltage for driving LCD is VO = +1v typical at VDD = +5v which gives a VLCD = (VDD - VO) = +4v L: Instruction code (for write) For backlight connections, please refer to LED Backlight Characteristics (Pg. 16). Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 11 QUICK REFERENCE FOR PIN FUNCTIONS (FRONT & BACK PHOTOS) (13) DB6 (14) DB7 (11) DB4 (12) DB5 (9) DB2 (10) DB3 (7) DB0 (8) DB1 (5) R/W (6) E (3) VO (4) RS (1) VSS (2) VDD Figure 2. Back View of Pins (Labeled) (14) DB7 (13) DB6 (12) DB5 (11) DB4 (10) DB3 (9) DB2 (8) DB1 (7) DB0 (6) E (5) R/W (4) RS (3) VO (2) VDD (1) VSS Figure 3. Front View of Pins (Labeled) Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 12 TYPICAL VO CONNECTIONS FOR DISPLAY CONTRAST Adjust VO to +1v (VLCD = +4v) as an initial setting. When the module is operational, readjust VO for optimal display appearance. VDD VR 10 k VLCD VSS (Ground) VO VSS Figure 4. Typical VO Connections We recommend allowing field adjustment of VO for all designs. The optimal value for VO will change with temperature, variations in VDD, and viewing angle. VO will also vary module-to-module and batch-to-batch due to normal manufacturing variations. Ideally, adjustments to VO should be available to the end user so each user can adjust the display to the optimal contrast for their required viewing conditions. At a minimum, your design should allow VO to be adjusted as part of your product's final test. Although a potentiometer is shown as a typical connection, VO can be driven by your microcontroller, either by using a DAC or a filtered PWM. Displays that require VO to be negative may need a level-shifting circuit. Please do not hesitate to contact Crystalfontz application support for design assistance on your application. ESD (ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE) SPECIFICATIONS This circuitry is industry standard CMOS logic and is susceptible to ESD damage. Please use industry standard antistatic precautions as you would for any other PCB such as expansion cards or motherboards. For more information, see CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS (Pg. 21). Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 13 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS Contrast Ratio LCD Response Time* CR>2 30° 60° (H) CR>2 -45° 45° CR MAXIMUM (V) TYPICAL MINIMUM Viewing Angle (6 o'clock) (Vertical, Horizontal) CONDITION ITEM SYMBOL OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5 T rise Ta = 25°C 100 ms 150 ms T fall Ta = 25°C 100 ms 150 ms *Response Time: The amount of time it takes a liquid crystal cell to go from active to inactive or back again. OPTICAL DEFINITIONS Operating Voltage (VLCD): VOP Viewing Angle Vertical (V): 0° Horizontal (H): 0° Frame Frequency: 64 Hz Driving Waveform: 1/16 Duty, 1/5 Bias Ambient Temperature (Ta): 25°C Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 14 Intensity Definition of Operation Voltage (Vop) Selected Wave 100% Non-selected Wave CR Maximum CR = Lon / Loff Lon = Luminance of ON segments Loff = Luminance of OFF segments Driving Voltage (V) Vop Figure 5. Definition of Operation Voltage (VOP) (Positive) Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) Unselected State Selected State Unselected State Intensity Light Transmitted 10% 90% 100% Light Blocked Tr Tf Tr = Rise Time Tf = Fall Time Figure 6. Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) (Positive) Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 15 Definition of Vertical and Horizontal Viewing Angles (CR>2) Vertical Horizontal Figure 7. Definition of Horizontal and Vertical Viewing Angles (CR>2) Definition of 6 O'Clock and 12:00 O'Clock Viewing Angles This module has a 6:00 o'clock viewing angle. A 6:00 o'clock viewing angle is a bottom viewing angle like what you would see when you look at a cell phone or calculator. A 12:00 o'clock viewing angle is a top viewing angle like what you would see when you look at the gauges in a golf cart or airplane. Eyes look down Eyes look up 6:00 O'clock Bottom Viewing Angle 12:00 O'clock Top Viewing Angle Figure 8. Definition of 6:00 O'Clock and 12:00 O'Clock Viewing Angles Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 16 LED BACKLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS The CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET uses an LED backlight. LED backlights are easy to use, but they are also easily damaged by abuse. NOTE Do not connect +5v directly to the backlight terminals. This will ruin the backlight. LEDs are "current" devices. The important aspect of driving an LED is the current flowing through it, not the voltage across it. Ideally, a current source would be used to drive the LEDs. In practice, a simple current limiting resistor in line from a voltage source will work well in most applications and is much less complex than a current source. You need to know what the forward voltage of the LEDs is so you can calculate the current limiting resistor (RLIMIT). The forward voltage will vary slightly from display to display. +5v ILED RLIMIT LED Backlight A (LED+) K (LED-) VLED GND Figure 9. Typical LED Backlight Connections for "Always On" The equation to calculate RLIMIT is: RLIMIT (minimum) = VDD (Supply Voltage) - VLED (Typical LED Forward Voltage) ILED (Typical LED Forward Current) The specific RLIMIT calculation for the CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET at VDD = +5v is: RLIMIT = 5v - 3.5v 0.04 A = 37.5 (minimum) Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 17 The backlight may be dimmed by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). The typical range for the PWM frequency is from 100 to 300 Hz. +5v ILED RLIMIT LED Backlight A (LED+) K (LED-) VLED 1K PWM signal from microcontroller IRLML2502 IRLML2502 (typical) GND Figure 10. Example of LED Backlight Connections for PWM Dimming Backlight Characteristics Dark dots on light background PARAMETER MINIMUM TYPICAL MAXIMUM Forward Current (ILED) V = 3.5v 32 mA 40 mA 60 mA Forward Voltage (VLED) +3.4v +3.5v +3.6v Reverse Voltage (VR) Luminous Intensity* (IV) ILED = 40 mA +10v 245.6 cd/m2 307 cd/m2 *Direct measurement of backlight­the backlight is not measured through the LCD. Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 18 LCD CONTROLLER INTERFACE This module uses a Sitronix ST7066U ST7066U controller. The Sitronix ST7066U ST7066U is compatible with the industry standard Hitachi HD44780 HD44780 controller. Software written for modules that use the HD44780 HD44780 should work without modification. For your reference, we added APPENDIX C: SITRONIX ST7066U ST7066U CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SHEET (Pg. 28) to this Data Sheet. DISPLAY POSITION DDRAM ADDRESS The following table shows the relationship between the controller's addresses and the corresponding character location on the module. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 COLUMN 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ROW 0 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 0x45 0x46 0x47 Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 19 CHARACTER GENERATOR ROM (CGROM) To find the code for a given character, add the two numbers that are shown in bold for its row and column. For example, the lowercase "h" is in the column labeled "9610" and in the row labeled "810". So you would add 96 + 8 to get 104. When you send a byte with the value of 104 to the display, then a lowercase "h" will be shown. (See APPENDIX C: SITRONIX ST7066U ST7066U CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION SHEET (Pg. 28). upper 4 bits lower 4 bits 010 00002 110 00012 210 00102 310 00112 410 01002 510 01012 610 01102 710 01112 010 1610 3210 4810 6410 8010 9610 11210 12810 14410 16010 17610 19210 20810 22410 24010 00002 00012 00102 00112 01002 01012 01102 01112 10002 00012 00102 00112 11002 11012 11102 11112 CGRAM [0] CGRAM [1] CGRAM [2] CGRAM [3] CGRAM [4] CGRAM [5] CGRAM [6] CGRAM [7] 810 10002 910 10012 1010 10102 1110 10112 1210 11002 1310 11012 1410 11102 01510 11112 Figure 11. Character Generator ROM (CGROM) Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 20 MODULE RELIABILITY AND LONGEVITY MODULE RELIABILITY ITEM LCD excluding backlight White LED Backlight (ILED < 32 mA)* SPECIFICATION 50,000 to 100,000 hours (typical) Power-On Hours % of Initial Brightness (New Module) 90% 50% We list the lifetime of white LEDs at 10,000 hours to emphasize that white LEDs do not have the extremely long lifetime typical of red or green LEDs. The white LEDs dim over time, especially if driven with high currents. The dimming may not be noticeable when a single display is installed. However, if a new display is installed next to a display that has been on continuously for a very long time, you will see the difference. To preserve the lifetime of white LEDs, we recommend that white LED backlights are dimmed or turned off when not needed. Also, please do not use more current than you need to achieve your brightness requirements. MODULE LONGEVITY (EOL / REPLACEMENT POLICY) Crystalfontz is committed to making all of our LCD modules available for as long as possible. For each module we introduce, we intend to offer it indefinitely. We do not preplan a module's obsolescence. The majority of modules we have introduced are still available. We recognize that discontinuing a module may cause problems for some customers. However, rapidly changing technologies, component availability, or low customer order levels may force us to discontinue ("End of Life", EOL) a module. For example, we must occasionally discontinue a module when a supplier discontinues a component or a manufacturing process becomes obsolete. When we discontinue a module, we will do our best to find an acceptable replacement module with the same fit, form, and function. In most situations, you will not notice a difference when comparing a "fit, form, and function" replacement module to the discontinued module it replaces. However, sometimes a change in component or process for the replacement module results in a slight variation, perhaps an improvement, over the previous design. Although the replacement module is still within the stated Data Sheet specifications and tolerances of the discontinued module, changes may require modification to your circuit and/or firmware. Possible changes include: LCD fluid, polarizers, or the LCD manufacturing process. These items may change the appearance of the display, requiring an adjustment to VO (See Typical VO Connections for Display Contrast (Pg. 12). Backlight LEDs. Brightness may be affected (perhaps the new LEDs have better efficiency) or the current they draw may change (new LEDs may have a different VF). Controller. A new controller may require minor changes in your code. Component tolerances. Module components have manufacturing tolerances. In extreme cases, the tolerance stack can change the visual or operating characteristics. Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 21 Please understand that we avoid changing a module whenever possible; we only discontinue a module if we have no other option. We will post Part Change Notices on the product's webpage as soon as possible. If interested, you can subscribe to future part change notifications. CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS For optimum operation of the module and to prolong its life, please follow the precautions below. ESD (ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE) The circuitry is industry standard CMOS logic and susceptible to ESD damage. Please use industry standard antistatic precautions as you would for any other PCB such as expansion cards or motherboards. Ground your body, work surfaces, and equipment. DESIGN AND MOUNTING The exposed surface of the LCD "glass" is actually a polarizer laminated on top of the glass.To protect the soft plastic polarizer from damage, the module ships with a protective film over the polarizer. Please peel off the protective film slowly. Peeling off the protective film abruptly may generate static electricity. The polarizer is made out of soft plastic and is easily scratched or damaged. When handling the module, avoid touching the polarizer. Finger oils are difficult to remove. To protect the soft plastic polarizer from damage, place a transparent plate (for example, acrylic, polycarbonate, or glass) in front of the module, leaving a small gap between the plate and the display surface. We use GE HP92 Lexan, which is readily available and works well. Do not disassemble or modify the module. Do not modify the tab of the metal holder or make connections to it. Solder only to the I/O terminals. Use care when removing solder-it is possible to damage the PCB. Do not reverse polarity to the power supply connections. Reversing polarity will immediately ruin the module. AVOID SHOCK, IMPACT, TORQUE, AND TENSION Do not expose the module to strong mechanical shock, impact, torque, and tension. Do not drop, toss, bend, or twist the module. Do not place weight or pressure on the module. IF LCD PANEL BREAKS If the LCD panel breaks, be careful not to get the liquid crystal fluid in your mouth or eyes. If the liquid crystal fluid touches your skin, clothes, or work surface, wash it off immediately using soap and plenty of water. Do not eat the LCD panel. CLEANING The polarizer (laminated to the glass) is soft plastic. The soft plastic is easily scratched or damaged. Be very careful when you clean the polarizer. Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 22 Do not clean the polarizer with liquids. Do not wipe the polarizer with any type of cloth or swab (for example, Qtips). Use the removable protective film to remove smudges (for example, fingerprints) and any foreign matter. If you no longer have the protective film, use standard transparent office tape (for example, Scotch® brand "Crystal Clear Tape"). If the polarizer is dusty, you may carefully blow it off with clean, dry, oil-free compressed air. OPERATION We do not recommend connecting this module to a PC's parallel port as an "end product." This module is not "user friendly" and connecting them to a PC's parallel port is often difficult, frustrating, and can result in a "dead" display due to mishandling. For more information, see our forum thread at http://www.crystalfontz.com/forum/ showthread.php?s=&threadid=3257. Your circuit should be designed to protect the module from ESD and power supply transients. Observe the operating temperature limitations: from -20°C minimum to +70°C maximum with minimal fluctuations. Operation outside of these limits may shorten the life and/or harm the display. At lower temperatures of this range, response time is delayed. At higher temperatures of this range, display becomes dark. (You may need to adjust the contrast.) Operate away from dust, moisture, and direct sunlight. STORAGE AND RECYCLING Store in an ESD-approved container away from dust, moisture, and direct sunlight. Observe the storage temperature limitations: from -30°C minimum to +80°C maximum with minimal fluctuations. Rapid temperature changes can cause moisture to form, resulting in permanent damage. Do not allow weight to be placed on the modules while they are in storage. Please recycle your outdated Crystalfontz LCD modules at an approved facility. Crystalfontz America, Inc. www.crystalfontz.com October 2008 CFAH1601B-TFH-ET CFAH1601B-TFH-ET Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware vA / Data Sheet v1.0 Page 23 APPENDIX A: QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS INSPECTION CONDITIONS Environment Temperature: 25±5°C Humidity: 30~85% RH (noncondensing) For visual inspection of active display area Source lighting: two 20-Watt or one 40-Watt fluorescent light Display adjusted for best contrast Viewing distance: 30±5 cm (about 12 inches) Viewing angle: inspect at 45° angle of vertical line right and left, top and bottom COLOR DEFINITIONS We try to describe the appearance of our LCD modules as accurately as possible. For the photos, we adjust the backlight (if any) and contrast for optimal appearance. Actual display appearance may vary due to (1) different operating conditions, (2) small variations of component tolerances, (3) inaccuracies of our camera, (4) color interpretation of the photos on your monitor, and/or (5) personal differences in the perception of color. DEFINITION OF ACTIVE AREA AND VIEWING AREA 66.0 Viewing Area 6.56 A.A. 16.0 V.A. 59.62 Active Area ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING DEFECT TYPE AQL* Major